良性前列腺增生患者前列腺体积和移行区体积随年龄变化的调查

目的:调查良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者各年龄段前列腺总体积(TPV)、前列腺移行区体积(TZV),计算TZV与TPV的比值即移行区指数(TZI)的数值。分析年龄与上述指标的相关性。方法:经直肠B超测量1 563例BPH患者前列腺和前列腺移行区最大左右径、前后径和上下径,根据公式分别计算出TPV、TZV以及TZI。分析年龄与前列腺体积各参数的相关性。结果:BPH患者各年龄组TPV、TZV和TZI值分别为:50~59岁年龄组TPV(32.27±15.76)ml、TZV(9.55±7.98)ml、TZI 0.28±0.13;60~69岁年龄组TPV(40.93±17.45)ml、TZV(14.94±11.83)ml、TZI 0.34±0.16;70~79岁年龄组TPV(46.56±20.31)ml、TZV(19.54±19.25)ml、TZI 0.39±0.16;80~89岁年龄组TPV(47.85±26.63)ml、TZV(20.40±16.78)ml、TZI 0.41±0.19。BPH患者的TPV、TZV与年龄成显著正相关性(r1=0.232,r2=0.256,P均<0.01),TZV与年龄的相关系数要高于TPV与年龄的相关系数。结论:BPH患者的TPV、TZV值随着年龄的增长而增加,但是TZV增长的幅度要高于TPV增长的幅度,前列腺增生以移行区增生最为显著,并且我国BPH患者的移行区指数与其他人种之间可能存在不同。     

河北某地社区中老年健康男性血清生殖激素水平变化研究

目的:以社区人群为基础,研究中老年健康男性血清生殖激素水平随增龄的变化规律以及比较不同年龄组之间或同年龄组在城镇与农村居民之间的差异。方法:采用整群及年龄分层抽样方法,抽取了社区健康中老年男性434例,年龄分布40～69岁;其中城镇居民198例、农村居民236例,分别测定血清总睾酮(tT)、黄体生成素(LH)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)浓度,计算得出游离睾酮(fT)浓度、生物可利用睾酮(Bio-T)浓度、睾酮分泌指数(TSI)、游离睾酮指数(fTI)。同时测定同一地区59例20～39岁男性生殖激素水平作为对照组。结果:中老年男性血清tT水平随增龄没有明显变化,而LH、SHBG水平逐渐增高,fT、Bio-T、TSI、fTI则逐步降低。采用Kruskal-WallisH检验,4个年龄组(20～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁、60～69岁)之间,tT没有统计学差异(P>0.05),其他参数均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。tT水平与年龄、LH均没有相关性(P>0.05);LH和SHBG与年龄、SHBG与LH呈显著正相关(P<0.01),而fT、Bio-T、TSI、fTI与年龄、LH呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。按年龄配对Wilcoxon符号秩和检验,40～49岁组城镇与农村居民之间LH、TSI、fTI有显著性差异(P<0.05),fT、Bio-T有极显著性差异(P<0.01);对照组、50～59岁和60～69岁组,城镇与农村居民之间7项参数均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。40～49岁组LH、SHBG的升高率及fT、Bio-T、TSI、fTI的下降率,农村大于城镇居民;相反,在50～59岁和60～69岁组,城镇则大于农村居民。结论:中老年男性血清tT水平随增龄没有明显改变,而LH、SHBG、fT、Bio-T、TSI、fTI则随年龄呈现梯度性变化。许多参数在不同年龄组之间或城镇与农村居民之间存在着统计学差异。     

南京城区中老年男性生殖激素及相关指标分析

目的:了解南京城区中老年男性生殖健康的基本情况。方法:随机对南京玄武区884例55~89岁的中老年男性进行常规体检,实验室检测血常规、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂及总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)等指标,用放射免疫法测定血清总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(fT)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)及黄体生成素(LH)等生殖激素指标。并收集119例20~39岁青年男性血清生殖激素指标作为对照。结果:中老年男性的生殖激素中除TT及E2之外,其他6项生殖激素及相关参数(LH、FSH、fT、SHBG、TSI、fTI)的中位数(50%位数)随年龄增加均呈现梯度性变化,LH、FSH及SHBG水平逐渐增高,而fT、TSI、fTI则逐渐降低。采用Mann-Whitney U法比较5个年龄组(20~39岁,55~59岁,60~69岁,70~79岁,≥80岁)两两之间的生殖激素或相关参数水平差异后发现:①TT水平,除了对照组与≥80岁年龄组、60~69岁组与≥80岁组间有统计学差异外(P0.05),其他各组间均无统计学差异(P均0.05);②E2水平,各组间均无统计学差异;③LH、FSH水平,除了55~59岁与60~69岁组间及FSH水平70~79岁与≥80岁组间无统计学差异外,其他各组间均有统计学差异;④fT、TSI水平,除了55~59岁组与60~69岁组间无统计学差异,其他各组间均有统计学差异;⑤SHBG及fTI水平,所有组间均有显著性差异。而对生殖激素及相关指标与年龄、LH等因素进行相关性分析后发现:fT、TSI、fTI与年龄、LH显著负相关(P0.01,|r|0.4),而与胆固醇、血糖及血红蛋白呈相对较弱的正相关(P0.01,r0.4);SHBG及LH与年龄呈显著正相关(P0.01,r0.4),SHBG与血糖及血红蛋白呈相对较弱的负相关(P0.01,|r|0.4),LH与血红蛋白呈相对较弱的负相关(P0.01,|r|0.4);TT与年龄呈相对较弱的负相关(P0.01,|r|0.4),而与血红蛋白呈相对较弱的正相关(P0.01,r0.4)。结论:随着年龄增长,中老年男性血清TT(fT更为明显)水平下降,并可能引起脂质代谢异常、血红蛋白降低及血糖升高。     

良性前列腺增生症发生急性尿潴留的相关因素分析

目的:应用临床常用指标,探讨BPH发生急性尿潴留(AUR)的相关因素。方法:回顾分析538例BPH患者相关资料。分为曾发生AUR(A组)260例,从未发生AUR(B组)278例。分别比较两组间在年龄(AGE)、前列腺总体积(PV)、前列腺移行区体积(TZV)、移行区指数(TZI)和前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、游离前列腺特异抗原(F-PSA)、游离与总前列腺特异抗原比值(F/T-PSA)等指标上的差异性。结果:A组平均PV、TZV和PSA值皆明显高于B组,上述3个指标在两两组间差异有统计学意义,且PSA与PV、TZV均有正相关性。结论:PV、TZV及PSA可作为预测BPH发生AUR的良好指标。     

前列腺增生患者手术前后雄激素改变与术后补充雄激素的研究

目的: 探讨前列腺增生患者手术前后雄激素变化与补充雄激素的对比观察研究。　方法: 64例前列腺增生病例分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组 (n1 =25、n2 =39),分别在手术前 1周和手术后 2周采集血清样本,以测定血清中黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、游离睾酮(fT)浓度值;采用经膀胱耻骨上前列腺摘除术,术后Ⅰ组给予补充十一酸睾酮治疗;Ⅱ组作为对照,未予补充。　结果: Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组病例手术前血清LH、FSH、T、fT浓度值比较差异无显著性(P>0. 05),组间具有可比性。两组病例手术前后上述浓度的差值比较差异有极显著性 (P<0. 01)。Ⅰ组病例术后血清LH、FSH、T、fT浓度值的升降幅度明显小于Ⅱ组。　结论: 行前列腺摘除术后,病理证实为良性前列腺增生者,如果有雄激素缺乏症状,则可以适当补充雄性激素,以改善患者的整体状况。     

男性科门诊人群血清总睾酮水平特征分析

目的:分析男性科门诊人群血清总睾酮水平的分布特征。方法:收集近5年来我院男科门诊就诊的患者和体检者性激素检测数据,分析血清总睾酮及其他各项性激素指标与年龄的相关性。结果:共纳入6545例性激素齐全的男性人群,平均年龄(32.24±7.69)岁,总睾酮水平为(15.78±7.11)nmol/L。血清总睾酮含量随年龄的增长而下降,年龄与总睾酮呈显著负相关(r=-0.118,P<0.001)。≥35岁组与<35岁组间雄激素不足(睾酮<12.0 nmol/L)的比例存在显著差异(P<0.001)。结论:男科门诊人群血清总睾酮水平随年龄增长而逐渐降低,>35岁人群雄激素不足的比例显著升高。     

性激素及甲状旁腺激素与老年男性骨转换生化指标的相关性分析

目的:探讨老年男性血清性激素及甲状旁腺激素与骨转换生化指标的相关性。方法:收集2011年5~6月在我院常规年度体检年龄≥60岁的老年男性465例,年龄60~93岁。测定血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG);血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、25-羟化维生素D3(25(OH)D3);骨转换生化指标(I型胶原羧基末端肽:CTX;骨钙素:OC;Ⅰ型前胶原氨基末端前肽:PINP);并计算游离睾酮(FT)、生物可利用睾酮(BT)、睾酮分泌指数(TSI)和游离睾酮指数(FTI);分析各指标与老年男性骨转换生化指标的相关性。结果:老年男性血清FSH、LH、SHBG水平随年龄增加而升高,而FT、BT、TSI、FTI、PTH及CTX、OC和PINP随增龄呈下降趋势,80岁以后下降较为显著(P0.05)。PTH与CTX、OC和PINP均呈正相关(r=0.227,0.269,0.162;P0.01),校正年龄因素后,相关性仍然存在;SHBG与OC负相关(r=-0.100,P0.05)。各骨转换指标随PTH四分位水平升高而增加,第一分位与第四分位之间均存在显著差异(P0.01)。多元逐步回归结果显示,年龄与CTX、OC和PINP负相关(β=-0.126,-0.141,-0.122;P0.05),PTH与CTX、OC和PINP正相关(β=0.196,0.279,0.189;P0.001),SHBG与OC负相关(β=-0.100,P0.05)。结论:增龄是老年男性骨转换减低的根本原因,血清PTH和SHBG水平与骨转换生化指标相关。     

血清PSA、游离PSA与良性前列腺增生临床的相关性研究

目的分析血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)临床的相关性。方法应用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法(CMIA)对BPH患者血清PSA、fPSA进行检测。结果入选的40例患者病理均为BPH。PSA>4ng/ml者,术后随访1～3个月,平均2.5个月,PSA值均降至0.02ng/ml以下,可除外前列腺癌(PCa)病例。PSA<4ng/ml者16例(40%),4～10ng/ml者14例(35%),>10ng/ml者10例(25%);fPSA>0.934ng/ml者22例(55%)。血清PSA、fPSA水平与前列腺总体积(PV)、前列腺移行区体积(TZV)、年龄及国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)呈正相关。结论本组血清fPSA与PV、TZV、年龄、IPSS评分有更强相关性。BPH患者血清PSA、fPSA水平升高的相关因素与前列腺总体积及移行区增大、高龄及高IPSS评分有关。     

前列腺移行区体积和移行区指数在诊断良性前列腺增生中的作用

目的 :评价前列腺移行区体积 (TZV)和移行区指数 (TZI)在诊断良性前列腺增生 (BPH)中的作用。方法 :采用经直肠超声测量 2 62例患者的前列腺体积 (TPV)和TZV ,其中A组 2 2 0例为有症状 ,未出现过尿潴留的BPH患者 ,B组 19例为反复出现尿潴留的BPH患者 ,对照组 2 3例为非BPH患者 ,并推算TZI(TZI =TZV/TPV)。以上患者同时接受了国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)、生活质量评分 (QOL)、最大尿流率 (Qmax)检查。所得数据进行统计学处理。结果 :A组、B组和对照组之间的TPV、TZV、TZI、IPSS、QOL、Qmax比较差异均有显著性意义 ,年龄与TPV和TZV有非常显著相关性 (分别r =0 .2 4,P <0 .0 1;r =0 .2 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,与Qmax有非常显著负相关性 (r =- 0 .2 7,P <0 .0 1) ,与IPSS有显著相关性 (r =0 .15 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与QOL无相关性 (r =0 .11,P >0 .0 5 )。TPV与IPSS、QOL、Qmax有显著相关性 (r =0 .2 6,r =0 .2 0 ,r =- 0 .2 9,P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,而TZV和TZI与IPSS ,QOL ,Qmax均有非常显著相关性 (分别r =0 .40 ,r =0 .3 2 ,r =- 0 .43 ,P均 <0 .0 1;r =0 .5 1,r =0 .41,r =- 0 .5 2 ,均P <0 .0 1)。结论 :BPH患者随着年龄的增加 ,TPV、TZV、IPSS、QOL增加 ,Qmax减小。发生尿潴留的BPH患者 ,其TPV、TZV和TZI大于没有出现过     

BPH患者年龄、睾酮水平、体重指数、前列腺体积及血清前列腺特异性抗原的关系分析

目的:探讨研究BPH患者年龄、睾酮水平、体重指数(BMI)、前列腺体积以及血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析2013年2月~2014年9月天津医科大学第二医院泌尿外科333例有下尿路症状并经手术治疗后病理诊断为BPH的患者临床资料,采用SPSS19.0软件总结并分析患者年龄、睾酮水平、体重指数(BMI)、前列腺体积以及血清PSA、f/t之间关系。结果:333例患者平均年龄为(68.93±7.061)岁,平均前列腺体积为(81.06±42.034)ml;平均睾酮值为(3.42±1.761)ng/dl;平均BMI为(23.915±3.291)kg/m2;平均PSA值(5.90±4.666)ng/ml;平均fPSA值(1.059±1.023)ng/ml,f/t平均值(0.191±0.097)。对患者年龄分组后显示睾酮水平随年龄增长而降低(F=20.113,P0.001),BMI水平随年龄增长无明显相关性(F=1.500,P=0.215)。前列腺体积、血清PSA值随患者年龄增长而增加(F=2.792,P=0.041;F=2.978,P=0.032),而f/t值随着年龄的增加而降低(F=11.91,P=0.01);对体积进行分组后血清PSA值随前列腺体积增加而升高(F=24.028,P0.001);对体重指数分组后血清PSA值随体重指数增加无明显变化(F=0.735,P=0.532)。应用Spearman相关分析比较显示PSA、fPSA值均与体积正相关(r=0.494,P0.001;r=0.369,P0.001),然而f/t值与前列腺体积无明显相关性(r=0.05,P=0.363);而PSA、fPSA值均与睾酮呈负相关(r=-0.138,P=0.012;r=-0.188,P=0.001);PSA、fPSA、f/t值与BMI均无明显相关性(r=0.039,P=0.475;r=0.009,P=0.863;r=0.039,P=0.478)。结论:BPH患者血清PSA水平和前列腺体积随患者年龄增长而增加,睾酮水平随年龄增长而降低,BMI水平随年龄增长无明显变化;患者血清PSA与前列腺体积正相关,与睾酮水平呈负相关,而与BMI无明显相关性;f/t值随着年龄的增长逐渐下降,而与前列腺体积、BMI无明显相关性。     

Correlation between the total volume,transitional zone volume of the prostate,transitional prostate zone index and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Objectives Currently available studies show controversial data between the symptoms of the lower urinary tract and the volume of the prostate gland. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the score of the lower urinary tract symptoms assessed according to the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and the total (TV) and transitional (TZV) zone volume of the prostate and transitional prostate zone index (TZI). Materials and methods From 223 men with a mean age of 59.3 years (varying from 50 to 75), the scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, measured by the IPSS and TV and TZV, determined by transrectal ultrasonographies, were obtained. Furthermore, the TZI was determined in all cases by the TZV to TV rate of the prostate. The relationship between TV, TZV, and TZI and the data obtained using the symptoms score was statistically determined. Results The TV of the prostate were 25.5 ± 10.3, 25.0 ± 9.3, and 28.9 ± 13.5 g in individuals with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively (P = 0.15). Similarly, there was no significant difference when the TZV (7.6 ± 6.3, 7.6 ± 5.8, and 9.6 ± 6.8 g, respectively; P = 0.22) and the TZI (0.26 ± 0.1, 0.27 ± 0.1, and 0.30 ± 0.1, respectively; P = 0.33) were compared in the groups of men with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of urinary difficulty. However, the quality of life (QoL) scores presented progressively worse values (1.7 ± 1.3, 3.1 ± 1.4, and 4.4 ± 1.2) as the severity of the lower urinary tract symptoms became worse (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the TV (r = 0.15; P = 0.02), TZV (r = 0.16; P = 0.02), and the TZI (r = 0.14; P = 0.03) with the prostate symptom scores showed low values although they were positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation was observed when the QoL related to urinary symptoms and symptom scores (r = 0.61; P < 0.001) was analyzed. Conclusions A low correlation was found between the score lower urinary tract symptoms assessed by IPSS and the different volumes of the prostate gland (TV, TZV) and prostate TZI, and, on the other hand, an inverse correlation between the intensity of urinary symptoms and QoL, supporting the idea of multifactorial aspects related to the genesis of urinary symptoms in men.     

Serum sex hormones and measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: Despite biologic plausibility, the associations between sex hormones and measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have not been consistently reported. METHODS: Subjects were randomly selected from the Olmsted County, MN population (n, 320; median age, 60.9 years) and followed biennially since 1990. In 2002, surrogate measures of BPH were assessed from an approximation of the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI), Peak urinary flow rates (Q(max)), and a transrectal ultrasound assessment of prostate volume. Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, and estradiol were also measured. RESULTS: Bioavailable testosterone levels declined with increasing cross-sectional age from 53.8, 50.2, to 41.2 ng/dl (P = 0.001) in men aged <60, 60-69, and >69 years, respectively, and the estradiol/bioavailable testosterone ratio increased from 0.042, 0.044, to 0.050 (P = 0.04). Among men with bioavailable testosterone above the median, estradiol levels had a dose response relationship with prostate size. Among men with bioavailable testosterone level 相似文献   

Relationship of serum sex-steroid hormones and prostate volume in African American men

BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiologic investigations of the associations of sex-steroid hormones and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have focused on predominately white populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential associations of body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, and endogenous sex-steroid hormones with prostate volume in a population-based sample of African American (AA) men, ages 40-79 yr. METHODS: A total of 369 AA men without clinical evidence of prostate cancer were identified in the Flint Men's Health Study by using a population-based sampling procedure. All subjects underwent a complete urologic evaluation that included prostate volume determination by transrectal ultrasonography and serum assays for androgens and estrogens. RESULTS: After age adjustment, BMI (weight (kg)/height (m)2) was positively correlated with increasing levels of androstanediol glucuronide (AG), estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (E1S), and the ratios of E2:total testosterone (TT) and E2:free testosterone (FT); however, increasing BMI was negatively correlated with androstenedione (AD), FT, TT, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Multivariable regression models demonstrated that prostate volume increased with age (P < 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.02) and decreased with increasing levels of SHBG (P = 0.01). Larger prostatic volumes were also marginally associated with increasing levels of TT (P = 0.058). CONCLUSION: Circulating serum levels of SHBG and endogenous sex-steroid hormones are correlated with prostate volume and potentially impact the natural history of BPH. However, longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate the temporal relationships of hormones and growth factors in the pathogenesis of BPH in AA men.     

Relationship between BMI, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding-globulin, leptin, insulin and insulin resistance in obese men

The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between sex steroid hormones, sex hormone-binding-globulin, leptin, insulin and insulin resistance in obese men. Anthropometrical indexes, total testosterone (Tt), free testosterone (fT), estradiol (E), sex hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG), glucemia, insulin and leptin were measured in 77 men, with ages between 20 and 60 years. According to their body mass index (BMI), subjects were grouped into three categories: normal body weight (< 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese group (> 30 kg/m2). Insulin resistance index was obtained by the homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total testosterone and SHBG concentrations were lower in the obese group compared with normal and overweight subjects (p < 0.05). The mean insulin concentration was significantly higher in the obese group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). T was negatively correlated with the BMI (r = -0.447; p < .01), WC (r = -0.464); p < .01, leptin (r = -0.382; p < .01), insulin (r = -0.391; p < 0.01) and also with the HOMA-IR (r = -0.416; p < 0.01). The SHBG negatively and significantly correlated with BMI (r = -0.334; p < 0.01) and WC index (= -0.322; p < 0.01), as well with insulin levels (r = -0.313; p < 0.01) and insulin resistance (= -0.266; p < 0.05). Our results shows that in a sample of men, Tt and SHBG concentrations proportionally diminished with both the increase of BMI and insulin resistance index.     

Characterization of prostate size,PSA and endocrine profiles in patients with spinal cord injuries

Aims of this study: From cross-sectional and longitudinal population based studies as well as from autopsy studies it is well documented that total prostate volume increases with advancing age. However, it is not well known (1) which factors are ultimately responsible for this growth phenomenon; or (2) at what time in a persons life the growth tends to occur. At present at least a permissive role for testicular androgens is assumed to be involved in growth regulation. Other factors such as growth factors, epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, and the role of intact neural pathways are still poorly understood. We aimed to study a group of men with spinal cord injuries to determine whether the pattern of prostate enlargement would be different in men with partially or completely interrupted innervation of the pelvis and the prostate gland. Materials and methods: Forty-three men from the Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Service at the VA North Texas Health Care System ranging in age from 27-73 y (mean 51 y) were recruited to participate in this study. Time since SCI ranged from 2-47 (mean 19 y). All patients underwent standardized questionnaire, physical examination, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) measurements of total and transition zone volume of the prostate, serum PSA, testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), FSH and LH measurements, some had TRUS guided biopsies taken. Results: By all the measured criteria there were no abnormalities regarding the pituitary-gonadal axis observed in these men. Testicular volume, serum T, DHT and LH were within normal ranges, and when the patients were stratified by age, no differences were identified. There was an age related increase in FSH which has been described in neurologically intact men. Serum PSA increased slightly with advancing age. While total (TPV) and transition zone (TZV) prostate volume increased with age, the groupwise differences by decades of life were not significant. Moreover, when compared to a group of community dwelling men without known prostatic diseases and a clinic cohort of men with BPH, TPV was substantially lower for each decade of life except for men in their 40s, while TZV was substantially lower for men in their 60s. Conclusions: We observed normal age related changes regarding serum PSA and serum FSH without significant changes in other hormonal parameters. All parameters behaved consistent with changes described in neurologically intact populations. However, we did not observe the typical increase in TPV and TZV of the prostate as seen in population, autopsy and clinic patient studies. This interesting finding indicates that factors other than an intact pituitary-gonadal axis and male steroid hormones may be responsible for the normal age related growth of the prostate. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to corroborate our findings.     

Serum concentrations of sex hormones in men with severe lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia

OBJECTIVE: To find out the impact of age-related changes in serum concentrations of sex hormones on the development of severe lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 61 consecutive patients subjected to prostatectomy for BPH between 2000-2001 in our clinic. Forty-five randomly assigned, age and socioeconomically matched cases without any lower urinary tract symptoms were taken as the control group. Both clinical BPH and control groups were divided to 3 age groups (namely 50-59, 60-69 and > or = 70 years) and age-related changes in serum concentrations of sex hormones were investigated. RESULTS: Prostate adenoma weight was found to be increased significantly (p = 0.02) with advancing age in clinical BPH group. There was no difference between serum concentrations of measured sex hormones between small and large prostates except for serum estradiol levels, which were found to be significantly higher in patients who had an adenoma weight of > 50 g (p = 0.047). Similar results were obtained in both clinical BPH and control groups with respect to age-related changes in serum concentrations of sex hormones. Briefly there was an age-related decrease in serum free testosterone levels and increase in serum estradiol, prolactin and gonadotropin levels. Serum free testosterone concentration was significantly higher in the control group for ages 60-69 (p = 0.015) while total testosterone was higher in BPH patients for patients older than 70 years of age (p = 0.027). No other significant change was documented between 2 groups. An age-dependent increase in serum E/freeT ratio was documented in both clinical BPH and control patients whereas serum freeT/T ratio was decreased in the BPH group with advancing age (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: The decrease in serum free testosterone concentrations with a relative rise in serum estradiol levels with advancing age might be an important factor in the development of BPH. However it is likely that serum concentrations of sex hormones play little impact on the clinical severity of BPH.     

Correlations between longitudinal changes in transitional zone volume and measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a population-based cohort

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measures of transitional zone volume (TZV) are more strongly associated than total prostate volume with longitudinal urologic outcomes. METHODS: In 1990, 2,115 randomly selected Caucasian men from Olmsted County, Minnesota (USA) completed validated questionnaires during a home visit. A 25% subsample underwent clinical evaluation that included transrectal ultrasonography, assessment of serum prostate-specific antigen levels, and maximum urinary flow rates. Examinations and questionnaires were repeated biennially through 2004. TZV measures were taken at the fifth through eighth visits. Men with at least one TZV measurement were included in this study (n=336). RESULTS: Changes in TZV correlated weakly with changes in peak urinary flow rate and urinary symptoms. After accounting for age and change in total prostate volume, change in TZV added no information to models that predict changes in urinary symptoms and peak urinary flow rates. Men who experienced the most rapid annual changes in TZV were not more likely to experience more rapid changes in urinary symptoms or maximum flow rate. CONCLUSION: Tracking changes in TZV over time may be unlikely to provide a good surrogate measure for the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia.     

Urodynamic findings in men operated on for an undescended testicle

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that men with a history of undescended testicle have voiding problems similar to those in rodents exposed to excessive amounts of oestrogens during development, although the role of oestrogen in the failure of the human testicle to descend remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen men (mean age 45 years) previously operated on for an undescended testicle (testis-retention, TR group) and 12 age-matched men operated on for inguinal hernia or appendicitis (control group) participated in a urodynamic examination, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) of the prostate, and blood tests for hormones and prostate-specific protein. They also completed a questionnaire on urinary symptoms. RESULTS: The free maximum flow rate was significantly lower and the detrusor pressure at maximum flow (P(det)Q(max)) slightly higher in the TR than the control group. Three men in the TR group (and none of the controls) had bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), whereas voiding was not obstructed among 11 control men (and five men in the TR group). The hormone concentrations of the groups did not differ significantly but the prostates were significantly smaller in the TR group. The testosterone concentrations and the ratio between 17beta-oestradiol (E2) and free testosterone (E2/fT) influenced prostate size significantly. An exploratory analysis suggested that E2/fT may influence the maximum detrusor pressure and P(det)Q(max). CONCLUSION: Men born with an undescended testicle had smaller prostates but more often had BOO than did the controls. The results suggest that an imbalance between the actions of oestrogen and testosterone may influence the initiation and continuance of BOO among cryptorchid men.