破裂颅内动脉瘤早期手术中再破裂的预防及处理

目的探讨破裂颅内动脉瘤早期手术中再破裂的预防与处理方法。方法回顾性分析97例破裂颅内动脉瘤实施早期显微手术治疗病人的临床资料,其中18例发生术中再破裂,4例采用双极电凝止血或明胶海绵压迫止血后夹闭动脉瘤;8例在动脉瘤破裂出血处用动脉瘤夹直接夹闭止血;6例临时阻断载瘤动脉后迅速分离瘤颈并夹闭。结果18例动脉瘤术中再破裂出血均得以有效控制,并成功夹闭动脉瘤颈。术后痊愈10例,偏瘫或语言障碍5例,死亡3例(2例死于大面积脑梗死,1例死于颅内感染)。结论采用显微手术及早显露和控制载瘤动脉近端,瘤颈分离动脉瘤困难时临时阻断载瘤动脉,可有效地减少和控制术中再破裂出血。     

血管内弹簧圈治疗后动脉瘤的夹闭术(8例报告)

自1990年至1994年作者等收治374例颅内动脉瘤病人,其中245例行手术治疗2110例行血管内治疗【11例多发性动脉瘤行手术或血管内治疗（另外8例先行血管内弹簧圈后又行开颅手术治疗二此8例为SAH后属HunT和HessmI、飞级的病人.手术的适应证为:工经血管内弹簧圈治疗后动脉瘤闭塞不完全;②血管内治疗后随访1年动脉瘤体积增大of动脉瘤再度破裂、弹簧圈移广形成假性动脉瘤。手术时发现动脉瘤壁菲薄透明,弹簧圈支撑在瘤囊内。夹闭瘤颈不困难,未发生破裂出血,特别是部分闭塞的动脉瘤夹闭时并不困难。主要的困难在于瘤囊内有弹簧圈在夹闭时可导致载瘤…     

经翼点入路显微手术治疗前交通动脉动脉瘤62例的临床体会

目的总结62例前交通动脉动脉瘤的显微手术治疗方法和技巧。方法62例前交通动脉动脉瘤患者均采用Yasa唱Yasargil翼点入路,行开颅动脉瘤夹闭手术。结果本组62例前交通动脉动脉瘤均被成功夹闭。出院时治愈或良好53例,致残8例,死亡1例。存活病人随访6～12月,复查DSA或CTA,均无动脉瘤复发、破裂再出血发生。结论经翼点入路行前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术,显露充分,有利于载瘤血管的临时阻断和成功夹闭动脉瘤颈;配合娴熟的显微外科操作技术,可获得满意的手术疗效。     

眶上锁孔入路手术治疗前交通动脉动脉瘤

目的：探讨前交通动脉（ACoA）动脉瘤经眶上锁孔入路手术夹闭的手术技术、安全性和相对适应证。方法：总结27例经眉弓眶上锁孔入路手术治疗的ACoA动脉瘤临床资料，着重阐述手术方法、术中动脉瘤破裂处理及手术适应证。结果：27例动脉瘤全部一次手术夹闭成功，但其中有5例术中动脉瘤破裂，3例合并脑积水者行脑室一腹腔分流术，1例死亡。27例患者均未出现手术入路相关并发症。19例数字减影血管造影或CT血管造影随访显示夹闭良好。结论：眶上锁孔入路显微外科手术是治疗ACoA动脉瘤的一种有效、安全的微创方法。     

73例颅内动脉瘤术中破裂的处理体会

目的　探讨动脉瘤术中破裂的对应措施。方法　在控制性低血压下按动脉瘤的解剖特点游离动脉瘤。一旦破裂出血 ,可临时夹闭载瘤动脉 ,或在破裂口处压以涂上医用生物胶的一小块明胶海绵封闭破裂口 ,出血控制后稳妥地夹闭瘤颈。结果　 73例中 6 8例行动脉瘤颈夹闭术。其余 5例 ,分别行囊壁切除动脉修补术、瘤体切除术及颈内动脉血管重建术。治愈率为 93.2 % ,病死率 6 .8%。结论　按动脉瘤的解剖特点游离动脉瘤是控制动脉瘤术中破裂出血的前提 ;有预见性地采用控制性低血压和暂时阻断载瘤动脉或用涂以医用生物胶的小块明胶海绵封闭破裂口是术中控制动脉瘤破裂出血的重要应急措施。     

前交通动脉瘤的临床分型和显微手术治疗策略

目的通过研究前交通动脉瘤的临床分型与手术难度和预后的关系，探讨前交通动脉瘤的显微手术治疗策略。方法将68例前交通动脉瘤分为视交叉型和纵裂型。对于视交叉型，在抬起额叶前先预先阻断载瘤动脉，然后分离动脉瘤将其夹闭；对于纵裂型，将载瘤动脉临时阻断后，采用瘤体翻转技术将瘤颈显露清楚后将其夹闭。结果瘤颈成功夹闭68例。在术中共有54例（79％）发生了动脉瘤破裂出血。视交叉型组的恢复良好率为95％（22／23），纵裂型的恢复良好率为89％（40／48）。结论视交叉型前交通动脉瘤容易早期破裂，但是分离和夹闭比较容易；纵裂型前交通动脉瘤不易早期破裂，但分离和夹闭比较困难。     

伴大脑前动脉三支型变异的前交通动脉动脉瘤的外科治疗体会

目的 总结伴大脑前动脉（ACA）三支型变异的前交通动脉（ACoA）动脉瘤的外科治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月年至2021年10月手术治疗55例ACoA动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 55例中，7例伴ACA三支型变异。5例采用翼点入路夹闭术治疗，术后造影显示瘤体全部消失，其中1例发生术中动脉瘤破裂，出院时中残；1例发生颅内感染，出院时恢复良好。术后1年未发生动脉瘤破裂，影像随访显示动脉瘤完全夹闭，无复发。2例采用介入治疗，术后影像复查显示动脉瘤栓塞效果满意，其中1例发生术中血管痉挛；术后1年随访发生动脉瘤破裂1例，为原填塞部位动脉瘤复发破裂，再次栓塞后瘤腔完全闭合，重残。结论 ACoA动脉瘤同时伴有ACA三支型变异增加手术并发生的风险，充分了解此变异对ACoA动脉瘤的治疗至关重要。     

大脑中动脉瘤破裂伴脑内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的总结经翼点或额颞入路急诊手术治疗大脑中动脉瘤（MCAA）破裂伴脑内血肿的经验。方法回顾性分析21例显微手术治疗的MCAA病人的病历资料。结果动脉瘤成功夹闭19例,行瘤壁包裹加固术1例,切除动脉瘤2例。术后随访3～24个月,恢复良好16例,致残5例。结论采用经翼点或额颞入路,对伴有血肿的患者急诊手术可清除血肿解除占位效应;对动脉瘤进行夹闭可防止再次破裂出血。     

前交通动脉瘤显微夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的预防及处理

目的 总结前交通动脉瘤显微夹闭术中动脉瘤破裂的预防及处理.方法 回顾性分析89例采用显微手术夹闭的前交通动脉瘤病人的临床资料,其中15例发生术中动脉瘤破裂.结果 动脉瘤术中破裂的发生率为16.85%,15例术中破裂的动脉瘤均成功夹闭.随访15例,时间6个月,术后GOS评分:恢复良好8例,轻度残疾5例,重度残疾2例.结论 载瘤动脉的显露与合理的临时阻断,脑池的充分开放以及动脉瘤破裂出血后保持术野的清晰可以有效预防和处理前交通动脉瘤术中破裂的发生.     

前循环巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 对1985年以来经手术治疗的18例前循环巨大动脉瘤作一回顾性分析,方法 行动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术11例,动脉瘤孤立或孤立后切除4例,动脉瘤切除或孤立后载瘤动脉重建2例,动脉瘤包裹1例。结果 动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术的11例病人中,除1例术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级的病人术后重残外,均恢复良好。动脉瘤孤立或孤立后切除的4例病人中,1例后交通动脉瘤（PCoA)病人虽术前血管造影证实侧支循环充分,但术后出现暂时性对侧轻偏瘫。另1例大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤病人术后第6天因术野血肿再次进行手术,出院时能独立行走。行动脉瘤切除或孤立后载瘤动脉重建的2例病人恢复良好。动脉瘤包裹术的1例病人术后因再出血死亡。结论 为消除巨大动脉瘤的压迫症状和潜在的出血危险,对前循环巨大动脉瘤主张积极的手术治疗。动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭并保留载瘤动脉通畅是首选治疗,对必需行动脉瘤孤立且交叉循环不良的病例,应尽可能重建载瘤动脉。     

Effect of temporary clipping on frontal lobe functions in patients with ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery

BACKGROUND: After surgery for ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm, several patients who have achieved a favorable neurological outcome yet have been observed to suffer from a poor cognitive outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the possible effects of temporary clip applications on frontal lobe functions in the patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysm. METHODS: Forty patients were chosen among a series of cases who underwent an early surgery (within 96 h) after ACoA aneurysm bleeding. All of them were in Hunt-Hess grade 1 or grade 2. Of the 40 patients, temporary clipping was used in 22 patients (group A), whereas it was not used in 18 patients (group B). These two groups were compared with 20 volunteers (group C) without neurologic or psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: The mean duration of temporary vessel occlusion for both A1 was 8.2 +/- 2.9 min (4-15) in group A. Neither clinical nor radiographic strokes were detected. An improvement in frontal lobe function occurred at long term in group B patients. Whereas, cognitive deficits were persisting at long-term follow-up in group A, especially in patients who had temporary clipping duration longer than 9 min. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize that the negative effects of temporary vessel occlusion on cognitive changes occur before ischemic damage. Thus, such negative effects of temporary clipping on cognitive functions should not be neglected by surgeons during surgery.     

前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后并发中枢性尿崩症的危险因素

目的 探讨前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后并发中枢性尿崩症（CDI）的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2009年1月~2018年1月显微夹闭术治疗的154例前交通动脉动脉瘤的临床资料;采用多因素logistic回归分析法筛选术后并发CDI的危险因素。结果 154例中,术后并发CDI 13例（8.4%）。多因素 logistic 回归分析结果显示术中动脉瘤破裂是术后并发CDI的独立危险因素（OR=15.642;95% CI 1.035~236.447;P=0.047]。结论 前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术中,如果发生动脉瘤破裂,临床应注意防治CDI。     

Neuropsychological sequelae of patients treated with microsurgical clipping or endovascular embolization for anterior communicating artery aneurysm.

BACKGROUND and PURPOSE : While microsurgical clipping has been the choice of treatment for anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm, endovascular embolization is increasingly popular for treating intracranial aneurysms. Previous studies showed that in terms of mortality (i.e., death) and morbidity (i.e., functional outcome, independent living, rebleeding) rates, the clinical outcomes of coil embolization for intracranial aneurysms are as good as or even better than those of surgical clipping. However, little is known about the impact of these treatments on the cognitive functions of those survived after the treatment. Thus, the present study is designed to examine the cognitive deficits of patients treated with either surgical clipping or coil embolization. METHOD: Eighteen patients with a ruptured ACoA aneurysm were recruited. Half of them had undergone surgical clipping and the other half had endovascular embolization. Standardized neuropsychological tests were employed to assess their memory, executive function, motor ability, language and visual perceptual abilities. RESULTS: The performance of the patients was in general poorer than that of the normal control subjects on tests of verbal memory, flexible thinking, ability to resist interference and motor control. However, in terms of severity, the patients who received surgical clipping demonstrated more severe impairment than those had endovascular embolization on these cognitive domains. In addition, while 33% of patients in the clipping group showed impairments on memory and executive function, no patient in the embolization group demonstrated these impairments. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ACoA aneurysm demonstrated impaired verbal memory, executive function and motor abilities while their language and visual perception abilities remained relatively intact. However, when comparing the effect of treatment choice on the cognitive functions of these patients, the present results favored the coil embolization as the patients treated with coil embolization demonstrated significantly fewer severe cognitive deficits than patients who had undergone surgical clipping.     

前交通动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的介绍翼点入路治疗前交通动脉瘤的手术经验，提高手术疗效。方法回顾性分析56例前交通动脉瘤病人的临床表现、影像资料、手术治疗及预后情况。56例均行直接夹闭术，1例加做包裹术。结果治愈或良好47例，致残8例，死亡1例。随访5个月～3年，无动脉瘤再出血发生。结论翼点入路手术治疗前交通动脉瘤显露充分、术式成熟、并发症少，配合多种外科技术如临时阻断的应用、脑保护、控制性低血压等，可收到满意的手术疗效。     

介入栓塞术与开颅夹闭术治疗前交通破裂动脉瘤的疗效与安全性比较

目的比较介入栓塞及开颅夹闭治疗ACoA破裂的疗效。方法将44例ACoA根据动脉瘤解剖特点、临床表现及患者意愿分为治疗组18例和对照组26例,治疗组采用介入栓塞,对照组采用开颅夹闭,比较分析两组疗效。结果介入组成功栓塞17例,再破裂1例,1例因血管迂曲无法栓塞转为开颅夹闭。出院时恢复良好15例,遗有神经功能缺损2例(记忆力减退1例,单侧下肢肌力减退1例)。开颅组成功夹闭27例(1例由介入组转来),术后脑疝2例,神经功能损伤1例(运动性失语),出院时恢复良好18例,遗有神经功能缺损2例(运动性失语1例,精神症状1例),昏迷7例。结论两者均是前交通破裂动脉瘤的有效治疗方法,介入栓塞术后严重并发症较开颅夹闭少,安全性较高。     

Facial corticobulbar motor-evoked potential monitoring during the clipping of large and giant aneurysms of the anterior circulation

Surgical outcomes for large and giant intracranial aneurysms are suboptimal. Two important reasons for higher complication rates are either occlusion of perforators or parent arteries during aneurysm clipping, or prolonged temporary occlusion of the main arteries. Somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring and transcranial motor-evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring are standard techniques for monitoring ischemia either during temporary arterial occlusion or after permanent clipping. In our study, facial corticobulbar motor-evoked potential (FCoMEP) monitoring was included to determine whether this modality improved intraoperative monitoring. FCoMEP were recorded intraoperatively in 21 patients undergoing surgical clipping of large and giant aneurysms of the anterior circulation. Valid TcMEP parameters were obtained for all patients. A correlation tending to significance between a prolonged temporary clipping time and TcMEP decrement was observed. In addition to this, the inclusion of FCoMEP improved the sensitivity of extremity muscle motor-evoked potential (ExMEP, which included TcMEP) monitoring (from 80% to 100%). In the long-term assessment, a favorable outcome was achieved in 16 of the 21 patients (76%). In conclusion, FCoMEP provides complementary corticobulbar tract information for detecting perforating vessel compromise that may lead to motor impairment and that is not identified by ExMEP.     

Slowly Recovering Isolated Bilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy after Embolization of Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm

Bilateral abducens nerve palsy related to ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) has only been reported in four patients. Three cases were treated by surgical clipping. No report has described the clinical course of the isolated bilateral abducens nerve palsy following ruptured ACoA aneurysm obliterated with coil. A 32-year-old man was transferred to our institution after three days of diplopia, dizziness and headache after the onset of a 5-minute generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomographic angiography revealed an aneurysm of the ACoA. Magnetic resonance imaging showed focal intraventricular hemorrhage without brain stem abnormalities including infarction or space-occupying lesion. Endovascular coil embolization was conducted to obliterate an aneurysmal sac followed by lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Bilateral paresis of abducens nerve completely recovered 9 weeks after ictus. In conclusion, isolated bilateral abducens nerve palsy associated with ruptured ACoA aneurysm may be resolved successfully by coil embolization and lumbar CSF drainage without directly relieving cerebrospinal fluid pressure by opening Lillequist''s membrane and prepontine cistern.     

眶上锁孔神经内镜下前循环动脉瘤夹闭手术

目的 探讨眶上锁孔入路神经内镜下夹闭前循环动脉瘤的可行性及其临床意义.方法 对13例前循环动脉瘤病人经眉弓小切口眶上锁孔入路进行夹闭手术,全程应用神经内镜.13例病人中,男性,8例,女性,5例;年龄：43～71岁.13例病人共14个动脉瘤,3个后交通动脉瘤,7个前交通动脉瘤,4个大脑中动脉瘤.3个未破裂动脉瘤,11个破裂动脉瘤.根据病人手术前的临床表现进行Hess-Hunt分级：1级2例;2级10例,3级1例.结果 手术中均能广视角显露动脉瘤、载瘤动脉及周围的走行血管,无误夹闭、载瘤动脉狭窄及夹闭不全情况发生.结论 眶上锁孔入路可以提供充分的手术空间,神经内镜下夹闭前循环动脉瘤,可以广视角观察动脉瘤及其周围的解剖结构,提高颅内动脉瘤的手术效果.     

开颅夹闭术和血管内栓塞术治疗老年前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的疗效对比分 析

目的 比较开颅夹闭术和血管内栓塞术治疗老年前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤的疗效。方法 2011年6月至2014年10月收治老年（年龄≥60岁）前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤53例,采用开颅夹闭术31例（夹闭组）,血管内栓塞术22例（栓塞组）。结果 夹闭组术后并发症发生率（48.4%）明显高于栓塞组（18.2%;P<0.05）。出院后3个月,按gos评分评估预后。夹闭组预后良好18例（gos评分≥4分）,重残7例,植物生存4例,死亡2例;栓塞组预后良好19例,重残2例,植物生存1例;夹闭组预后良好率（58.1%）明显低于栓塞组（86.3%;>P<0.05）。>结论 对于老年前交通动脉破裂动脉瘤,可采取夹闭术和栓塞术两种方式,但是栓塞术可在明确诊断的同时进行治疗,创伤较小,能有效降低再出血率和并发症发生率,安全性较高,特别适合不能耐受开颅夹闭术的老年患者。     

破裂大脑中动脉瘤多学科会诊治疗方案疗效评价：单中心261例回顾性分析

目的 比较多学科会诊确定破裂大脑中动脉瘤患者行介入栓塞或手术夹闭动脉瘤的治疗效果。