Implantación de un programa de promoción de la salud de las mujeres en zonas de exclusión social de la ciudad de Sevilla

Health promotion can contribute towards reducing inequality and ensuring equal opportunities, providing the means to enable the entire population to develop its maximum health possibilities. Women living in areas with social transformation needs (ASTN) are an especially vulnerable group due to the situation of material deprivation and social exclusion in which they live. Health promotion programmes for this group can bring about an improvement in their health. This paper describes the health promotion programme Socio-educational Groups of Primary Care for Women (SEGPC-W), and evaluates its implementation in ASTN in the city of Seville (Spain), as well as the benefits and difficulties of its development through a documentary analysis and interviews with participating professionals.     

Estimación de indicadores de salud en áreas pequeñas a partir de datos de la Encuesta de Salud de Euskadi

Health surveys are a key tool for decision-making in health policies and health services planning. The use of small-area statistical methods that use information at different geographic levels may be useful for estimating health indicators at a lower geographical level than originally considered in the survey design.     

Evaluación de la efectividad de los programas de vacunación

Vaccines have contributed enormously to reducing the incidence of many communicable diseases. The protective efficacy of a vaccine refers to the health effects of the vaccine applied in optimal, ideal conditions, whereas the effectiveness of a vaccination program refers to the health effects of vaccination in the vaccinated individuals in clinical practice or within public health programs, which may differ widely from optimal conditions. Vaccine efficacy is estimated by randomized clinical trials. In contrast, effectiveness can be measured by various types of epidemiological studies: randomized community trials, in which the target vaccine is randomly assigned to a group and disease incidence in this group is compared with that of an unvaccinated group; cohort studies, which are observational epidemiological studies in which the vaccination status is known in healthy vaccinated (vaccinated cohort) and unvaccinated (unvaccinated cohort) people and the occurrence of the disease in the two groups is studied; and observational case-control studies, in which two groups are selected; one with the disease under investigation (cases) and the other without (controls), and vaccination histories are investigated in the two groups. Vaccine effectiveness may also be estimated by comparing attack rates in epidemic outbreaks or secondary attack rates in the home, or by screening.     

Eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas en la calidad de vida de las personas cuidadoras de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer

Objective

Explore the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to improve the quality of life of family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients.

Adaptación española de la Escala de Impacto de la Publicidad de Apuestas en adolescentes

Media pressure from gambling advertising has reached worrying levels. It constitutes a risk to the mental health of young people and adolescents by promoting a favourable attitude towards gambling, a higher frequency of gambling and a perception of greater accessibility. Currently, there is no instrument available to assess the impact of gambling advertising.ObjectiveThe present study aims to adapt and validate the Impact of Gambling Advertising Scale (IGAS).DesignThe IGAS scale was translated from English ensuring its linguistic, conceptual and metric equivalence. The psychometric properties were then tested.SiteComunidad Valenciana (España).Participants1724 adolescents with a mean age of 16.52 years (SD = .759).InterventionSelf-administered, paper-based questionnaire in a single measure.Main measurementsAdvertising impact, and gambling intention, severity and availability.ResultsInternal consistency and two-half reliability were good, Cronbach's α = .782 and α = .70, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis concluded that the Spanish version replicates the original three-dimensional version. Convergent validity analyses showed direct and significant relationships with different aspects of gambling behaviour, and other predictors.ConclusionThe adapted version of the IGAS is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of the impact of advertising on adolescents. The scale is a useful instrument for the diagnosis of risk level and the evaluation of preventive interventions.     

WebSurvCa: estimación vía web de las probabilidades de fallecimiento y de supervivencia de una cohorte

Relative survival has been used as a measure of the temporal evolution of the excess risk of death of a cohort of patients diagnosed with cancer, taking into account the mortality of a reference population. Once the excess risk of death has been estimated, three probabilities can be computed at time T: 1) the crude probability of death associated with the cause of initial diagnosis (disease under study), 2) the crude probability of death associated with other causes, and 3) the probability of absolute survival in the cohort at time T. This paper presents the WebSurvCa application (https://shiny.snpstats.net/WebSurvCa/), whereby hospital-based and population-based cancer registries and registries of other diseases can estimate such probabilities in their cohorts by selecting the mortality of the relevant region (reference population).     

Prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en un área sanitaria de Extremadura. Estudio Hermex

ObjectivesAlcohol has been associated with a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease. It has been our objective to determine the prevalence of use of alcohol and its association with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingDon Benito-Villanueva de la Serena health area (Badajoz).ParticipantsWe selected a random sample of 25 to 79 year olds, representative of the population.MethodsWe collected a survey about the history of cardiovascular risk factors and alcohol consumption in the previous seven days. We measured blood pressure and a fasting blood sample was obtained. The association of alcohol consumption with the different CRF was studied by multivariate analysis, adjusting for different variables.ResultsA total of 2833 subjects participated, with a mean age 51.2 (SD 14.7) years and 46.5% males. We detected 36.1% (95% CI 34.4 to 37.9) of alcohol consumers. The overall prevalence and consumption medium or high risk was 63.2% and 15.2% in men, and 12.6% and 1.5% in women, respectively. In men, consumption of medium-high risk was associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and smoking. In women, low-risk consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and hypertension and higher smoking.ConclusionsWe found a lower prevalence of alcohol use, especially in women, compared to the Spanish national average. The consumption of medium-high risk mainly affects men and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In women at low risk consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of certain CRF and increased smoking.     

Evaluación de fallos tras el análisis de la historia de cribado en mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer infiltrante de cuello uterino

Objective

To assess the impact of screening history on the incidence of cervical cancer from 2000 to 2010 in Asturias.

Efectividad de un programa de estiramientos sobre los niveles de ansiedad de los trabajadores de una plataforma logística: un estudio controlado aleatorizado

ObjectiveTo study the influence of a short programme of stretching exercises on anxiety levels of workers in a Spanish logistic company.MethodA controlled clinical trial was carried out by means of an inter-subject design of random homogeneous blocks. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n = 67), treated with a programme of stretching exercises of 10-minute duration after working hours for a period of 3 months, or to the untreated control group (n = 67). The primary result variable was anxiety, and the secondary variables were burnout syndrome, quality of life and flexibility. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by intention to treat was performed on each of the result variables by controlling the baseline scores, the age and the practice of introjective activities outside the program, with the size effect calculated by means of the partial eta-squared value (η²).ResultsThe results of the ANCOVA showed a moderate effect of the stretching exercise programme on the levels of anxiety (η² = 0,06; P = .004). Other effects found were substantial for flexibility (η² = 0,13; P < .001); moderately high for bodily pain (η² = 0,08; P = .001), and moderate for vitality (η² = 0,05; P = .016); mental health (η² = 0,05; P = .017); general health (η² = 0,04; P = .028) and exhaustion (η² = 0,04; P = .025).ConclusionsThe implementation of a short programme of stretching exercises in the work place was effective for reducing levels of anxiety, bodily pain and exhaustion, and for raising levels of vitality, mental health, general health and flexibility. This type of intervention could be seen as a low-cost strategy for improving the well-being of workers.     

兔年de惶惑

雅倩,多么动听的芳名！她清纯美丽,与瑞飞结婚后日子过得甜甜蜜蜜。怀孕后,全家人更是倍加地关照她、护着她,都朝思暮想地盼她生个和她一样既娇美亮丽,又健康聪颖的小宝宝。 可谁知,雅倩在一次赶集途中,突然听到一位过     

母亲de心意

和妻去华山玩,上到顶峰,只见大树参天,烟雾缭绕,恍似仙境。如此难得的良辰美景,理应心花怒放才是,但妻还是觉得遗憾,她说没有和父母一起分享。一路感叹景色优美,一路念叨着什么时候让父母也来看看这么美丽的地方。难得妻有这份孝心,可我呢?记得小时候母亲带我第一次爬山,那山真高,到了山顶,我一屁股坐下去,整个人都瘫了,眼里哪儿还有风景?下山时,我撒谎说我的脚崴了,母亲背起了我。到了山脚下,母亲的背全湿了……成家的时候,怕母亲受妻的委屈,曾对母亲说,“她敢有一点不是,我就和她分道扬镳。”母亲不语,半天才说,“这不应该是我儿说的话。…     

女人de新生

怀孕对女人来说,是件骄傲且幸福的事,可对我来说却不一样。