Cross-reactive antibodies in middle-aged and elderly volunteers after MF59-adjuvanted subunit trivalent influenza vaccine against B viruses of the B/Victoria or B/Yamagata lineages

This study evaluated whether MF59-adjuvanted subunit trivalent influenza vaccine for the 2003/04 winter season (A/Moscow/10/99, H3N2; A/New Caledonia/20/99, H1N1; B/Hong Kong/330/01) would confer protection against mismatched and frequently co-circulating variants of influenza B/Victoria- and B/Yamagata-like virus strains. Haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies were measured in middle-aged and elderly volunteers against the homologous B/Victoria-like vaccine strain (B/Hong Kong/330/01) and against mismatched B/Victoria-like (B/Malaysia/2506/04) and B/Yamagata-like (B/Singapore/379/99 and B/Shanghai/361/02) strains. Immunization induced significant increases in the amounts of HI antibodies against all influenza B strains under investigation. However, the responses against the heterologous B/Shanghai/361/02 virus did not reach the desirable values of seroprotection. An age-dependent decline of the responses was found for B/Victoria-like antigens, but not for B/Yamagata-like strains. Although further studies are needed, our data support the recommendation of including influenza B viruses of the B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the future influenza vaccine preparations.     

武汉市一般人群血清中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸分布特征

目的 对武汉市一般人群体内全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoate,PFOA)负荷状况及分布特征进行研究,为武汉市制定控制PFOS和PFOA污染的法规政策提供科学依据。 方法 2014－2015年间采用分层随机抽样方法收集在武汉市居住5年以上的、无职业性暴露的成人及儿童的血液样本,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法,测定血清中PFOS和PFOA含量。采用SPSS 22.0软件分析检测数据。 结果 武汉市人群血清中PFOS检出率为75.4%(儿童组)、83.3%(成人组),PFOA的检出率为80.5%(儿童组)、82.9%(成人组)。城市、农村地区儿童组、成人组男性和女性血清中PFOS和PFOA含量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市地区女性血清中PFOS含量成人组( M=2.40 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml)高于儿童组( M=2.00 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.23 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.20 ng/ml)(Z=-2.565,P=0.010),男性血清中PFOA含量成人组(M=1.80 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.25 ng/ml,P₇₅=5.82 ng/ml)低于儿童组(M=3.60 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.13 ng/ml,P₇₅=10.00 ng/ml)(Z=-2.158,P=0.031)。农村地区男性血清中PFOA含量成人组(M=1.29 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.60 ng/ml)低于儿童组(M=4.07 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml,P₇₅=8.34 ng/ml)(Z=-2.820,P=0.005)。成人组女性血清中PFOS含量城市地区(M=2.40 ng/ml,P₂₅=1.58 ng/ml,P₇₅=3.95 ng/ml)高于农村地区(M=0.48 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.05 ng/ml,P₇₅=5.02 ng/ml)(Z=-4.316,P＜0.001),PFOA含量城市地区(M=3.30 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.85 ng/ml,P₇₅=6.85 ng/ml)高于农村地区(M=0.88 ng/ml,P₂₅=0.24 ng/ml,P₇₅=4.05 ng/ml)(Z=-3.639,P＜0.001)。武汉市人群血清中PFOS和PFOA含量之间存在正相关关系(P＜0.05)。 结论 地区、年龄、生理状态等因素的作用都可能造成人群体内PFOS和PFOA负荷的差异。 饮食摄入可能是武汉地区人群暴露于PFOS和PFOA共同途径。     

儿童功能性构音障碍21个词首辅音的临床特征分析

目的探讨儿童功能性构音障碍21词首辅音的错误特征,以了解词首辅音的发育特征,为临床矫治提供参考依据。方法对71例4岁以上功能性构音障碍儿童,采用图片命名法对21个词首辅音进行评估,并分析其发音特征。结果 1)4~6岁儿童难发的辅音依次为/ch/、/sh/、/k/、/zh/、/z/、/g/、/r/、/c/、/s/、/t/、/x/、/h/、/f/、/q/、/p/、/n/、/l/、/d/、/j/、/b/、/m/。舌尖后音(zh、ch、sh)的错误率最高,双唇m的错误率最低;2)辅音错误方式以替代为主,省略次之,歪曲极少,而未见添加现象;3)从发音部位和方式来看,错误方式以舌尖前音化、舌根音化、塞音化、擦音化和不送气化最为常见。结论功能性构音障碍儿童词首辅音错误以替代为主,错误方式以舌尖前音化、舌根音化等方式为主,且舌后音的难度大于舌前音,而送气音的难度大于非送气音。     

Antigenic relationship between influenza A viruses of human and animal origin

Reciprocal antigenic relationships between 17 influenza A viruses of human, porcine, equine and avian origin were investigated by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and strain-specific complement-fixation (CF). Cross-reactions were observed between the following strains: (a) Equi/1/Prague/1/56, Fowl plague (Dutch strain) and Turkey/England/1/63 (Langham strain); (b) Equi/2/Miami/1/63, Quail/Italy/1117/65, Pheasant/Italy/647/66, Duck/England/1/62 and Turkey/Canada/1/63; (c) A2/Singapore/1/57 and Turkey/Massachussets/65; (d) Swine/S15/30 and Chicken/Scotland/1/59. The results of HI tests performed with post-infection sera showed on the whole narrower specificity than those of HI with hyperimmune sera or those of strain-specific CF. There is clearly no sharp demarcation of antigenic subtypes of influenza A viruses, and studies over a yet wider range of strains are likely to disclose a continuous spectrum of antigenic variation for the whole group. The authors suggest that, in practice, host specificity rather than antigenic specificity may have to be used as the main criterion in classifying influenza A viruses.     

我国眼科学期刊自引率与自被引率的比较及演进趋势

【目的】 探讨我国眼科学期刊自引率(Rate of Self-citing;R_RSC-ing)与自被引率(Rate of Self-cited;R_RSC-ed)的关系及演进趋势,分析期刊自引程度,以了解我国眼科学期刊引文行为的演进趋势。【方法】 以2019年版《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》收录的8种眼科学期刊为研究对象,计算2003年、2008年、2013年、2015年和2018年期刊的中文引文率、英文引文率、R_RSC-ing与R_RSC-ed,并提出中文文献自引率(Chinese Rate of Self-citing;R_cRSC-ing),通过比较中文引文率与英文引文率、R_RSC-ing和R_cRSC-ing与R_RSC-ed,以获得我国眼科学期刊R_RSC-ing与R_RSC-ed的关系及演进趋势。【结果】 英文引文率总体呈上升趋势,中文引文率总体呈下降趋势。8种眼科学期刊R_RSC-ing较低且总体保持稳定,而R_RSC-ed高于R_RSC-ing,部分期刊R_RSC-ed的演进趋势与R_RSC-ing不同;R_cRSC-ing高于R_RSC-ed,二者演进趋势大不相同;自引量和R_cRSC-ing与R_RSC-ed均不相关(r=0.338、r=0.321,P均>0.05),R_RSC-ing与R_RSC-ed呈弱相关(r=0.393,P<0.05)。【结论】 水平越高、影响力越大的期刊引用的英文文献越多;自引量并不是R_RSC-ed的决定性因素;个别期刊存在过度自引。     

Current literature

Concise, easy to read abstracts of key papers from the following journals are included:
Archives of Disease in Childhood
British Medical Journal
Diabetic Medicine
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
International Journal of Obesity
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
The Lancet
Abstracts are provided by the following dietitians
Elizabeth Belton
Yvonne Jeanes
Emma Mowatt
Sumaiya Patel
Ruth Watling
Editor: Elizabeth Belton     

Multispecies reassortant bovine rotavirus strain carries a novel simian G3-like VP7 genotype

Rotavirus-A (RVAs), are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis in the young of mammals and birds. RVA strains possessing G6, G8, and G10 genotypes in combination with P[1] or P[11] have been commonly detected in cattle. During a routine surveillance for enteric viruses in a bovine population on North-Western temperate Himalayan region of India, an uncommon bovine RVA strain, designated as RVA/Cow-wt/IND/M1/09/2009 was detected in a diarrhoeic crossbred calf. The examination of nearly complete genome sequence of this RVA strain revealed an unusual G-P combination (G3P[11]) on a typical bovine RVA genotype backbone (I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3). The VP7 gene of M1/09 isolate displayed a maximum nucleotide sequence identity of 73.8% with simian strain (RVA/Simian-tc/USA/RRV/1975/G3P[3]). The VP4 and NSP5 genes clustered with an Indian pig strain, RVA/Pig-wt/IND/AM-P66/2012/G10P[11] (99.6%), and a caprine strain, RVA/Goat-tc/BGD/GO34/1999/G6P[1] (98.9%) from Bangladesh, respectively, whilst the, VP6, NSP1, NSP3 and NSP4 genes were identical or nearly identical to Indian bovine strains (RVA/Cow-wt/IND/B-72/2008/G10P[X], RVA/Cow-wt/IND/B85/2010/GXP[X], and RVA/Cow-wt/IND/C91/2011/G6P[X]). The remaining four genes (VP1, VP2, VP3 and NSP2) were more closely related to RVA/Human-wt/ITA/PAI11/1996/G2P[4] (93.5%), RVA/Sheep-wt/CHN/LLR/1985/G10P[15] (88.8%), RVA/Human-tc/SWE/1076/1983/G2P2A[6] (93.2%) and RVA/Human-wt/AUS/CK20003/2000/G2P[4] (91.2%), respectively. Altogether, these findings are suggestive of multiple independent interspecies transmission and reassortment events between co-circulating bovine, porcine, ovine and human rotaviruses. The complete genome sequence information is necessary to establish the evolutionary relationship, interspecies transmission and ecological features of animal RVAs from different geographical regions.     

胸段食管癌累及野放疗与扩大野放疗对危及器官的辐射剂量学分析

目的 研究胸段食管癌逆向调强放射治疗（IMRT）中累及野照射与扩大野照射对危及器官（OAR）受照剂量的影响。方法 40例胸段食管癌患者分别行累及野靶区勾画和扩大野靶区勾画并勾画危及器官,制定IMRT计划,评估2个计划的靶区适形指数（CI）和均匀性指数（HI）及危及器官的剂量学参数,剂量学参数比较采用配对t检验。结果 2种计划的PTV均能满足处方剂量要求,PTV在CI、HI上相近（P=0.317、0.130）。两组间平均肺剂量、两肺V5、两肺V20、两肺V30、脊髓Dmean、心脏Dmean、心脏Dmax、心脏V30、心脏V40、心脏V60差异均存在统计学意义（P <0.01）。结论 胸段食管癌患者行累及野照射与扩大野比较,可降低正常器官的受照剂量,从而降低放射性损伤风险。     

Boosting with recombinant vaccinia increases HPV-16 E7-specific T cell precursor frequencies of HPV-16 E7-expressing DNA vaccines

We have previously linked the sorting signals of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) to HPV-16 E7 antigen, creating a chimera, Sig/E7/LAMP-1. We found that both Sig/E7/LAMP-1-containing recombinant vaccinia virus (Vac-Sig/E7/LAMP-1) and Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA can generate strong antitumor immunity. To determine whether combination of Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA and Vac-Sig/E7/LAMP-1 can further enhance immune responses, sequential vaccination with Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA and Vac-Sig/E7/LAMP-1 was given. We found that priming with Sig/E7/LAMP-1 DNA and boosting with Vac-Sig/E7/LAMP-1 generated the strongest E7-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. Our results encourage the use of the DNA prime/vaccinia booster regimen in future clinical trials.     

射束方向视图下部分切乳腺的调强方法在左乳腺癌改良根治术后放疗的剂量学研究

目的 研究采用在射束方向视图(BEV)下部分切乳腺(BEV射野设计调强方法,B-IMRT)的调强方法进行左乳腺癌改良根治术后胸壁放疗的剂量学特点.方法 对2020年5月-2020年11月在聊城市人民医院进行放疗的13例左乳腺癌改良根治术后患者,分别用BEV射野设计调强方法(B-IMRT)和切线野调强方法(T-IMRT)...     

Comparison of haemagglutination-inhibition and single radial haemolysis techniques for detecting antibodies to influenza A and B viruses

The sensitivities of haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) techniques in detecting antibodies against influenza A/Bangkok/1/79, A/Brazil/11/78, B/Singapore/222/79, B/Hong Kong/5/72 strains, in human sera were compared. For antibodies to influenza B viruses the HI tests employing ether-treated antigens were also evaluated. The SRH technique appears to be more sensitive for detecting protective titres of antibodies against influenza B strains and influenza A/Brazil/11/78.     

四川省2002年人群流感病毒感染状况分析

目的 :了解流感病毒在四川省健康人群中的感染状况 ,为我省流感流行趋势的预测和预防提供理论依据。方法 :采用血凝抑制试验 (HI test)对不同地区不同年龄组人群的 14 3份血清标本进行检测。结果 :四川省 2 0 0 2年健康人群对A/上海 / 7/ 99、A/福建 / 15 1/ 2 0 0 0、B/上海 / 2 0 / 2 0 0 1和 B/浙江 / 2 / 2 0 0 1的抗体阳性率分别为 96 .5 %、10 0 %、96 .5 %和 6 7.8% ;对 A/上海 / 7/ 99、 A /福建 / 15 1/ 2 0 0 0、 B/上海 / 2 0 / 2 0 0 1和 B/浙江 / 2 / 2 0 0 1的抗体几何平均滴度分别为 5 9、 2 0 7、 76、 2 3。结论 :B/浙江 / 2 / 2 0 0 1类病毒有引起流感爆发的潜在可能性。     

Prevalence of human (H1N1) influenza virus-antibody in Japanese swine

A total of 571 swine sera collected at an abattoir in the city of Obihiro, Hokkaido during the period February-November 1984 were tested for antibody against human (H1N1) influenza virus strains. A high prevalence of antibody was observed for only 3 months from April to June in that year, in 81/180 sera (45.0%) to A/USSR/92/77 strain and in 50/180 sera (27.8%) to a current epidemic strain (A/Hokkaido/1/84). Some cross-reactions were observed between the A/USSR/92/77 and A/Hokkaido/1/84 antibodies (r = 0.75). Only minor relationships were noted between the A/New Jersey/8/76 (swine type H1N1) and A/USSR/92/77 (r = 0.35) or A/Hokkaido/1/84 (r = 0.51) antibodies. Absorption of sera positive for antibody to the A/Hokkaido/1/84 strain with the homologous virus strain removed all detectable antibodies, while the absorption of the sera with the A/New Jersey/8/76 strain produced incomplete absorption in one half of the sera tested. These results strongly suggest that the swine became infected with a human H1N1 virus as piglets during an epidemic of influenza which occurred in the human population during January and February 1984.     

Bolus厚度和使用次数对乳腺癌根治术后调强放疗皮肤剂量影响

目的探讨Bolus厚度和使用次数对乳腺癌根治术后调强放疗皮肤剂量影响。方法选取20例乳腺癌根治术后患者固定野调强放疗计划进行回顾性分析,单独使用0.5 cm或1 cm厚Bolus次数为5 F、10 F、15 F、20 F、25 F和混合使用0.5 cm和1 cm厚Bolus来研究放疗计划靶区均匀性指数(homogeneity index,HI)、适形度指数(conformity index,CI)及皮肤剂量D_max、D_mean、D_min;拟合出皮肤剂量与Bolus使用次数的关系式。结果随着Bolus使用次数增加,皮肤剂量增加,靶区热点减小、低剂量体积降低。不同Bolus使用次数1 cm厚Bolus比0.5 cm厚Bolus靶区均匀性均更好(P <0.05),且随着Bolus使用次数增加,HI逐渐降低。0.5 cm和1 cm厚Bolus靶区CI随着Bolus使用次数增加先增大后减小,在15 F附近最大,仅在20 F和25 F 2种厚度Bolus的CI结果具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。0.5 cm厚Bolus...     

均整器对颅脑分次立体定向放疗剂量学影响

目的探讨有无均整器的容积调强技术(VMAT)在颅脑分次立体定向放射治疗(FSRT)中的剂量学差异。方法选择17例脑转移瘤患者,分别设计有均整器(FF)和无均整器(FFF)的VMAT计划。比较2组的靶区参数(D₉₈%、D₂%和D_mean)、适形指数(CI)、梯度指数(GI)、距离梯度(Gradient)、正常脑组织V_5Gy、V_10Gy、V_12Gy及D_mean,机器跳数(MU)、出束时间差异。结果FFF-VMAT与FF-VMAT相比,GI、Gradient和出束时间都更低[(3.27±0.35) vs(3.33±0.37);(0.84±0.19) cm vs (0.85±0.2) cm;(142.71±34.59) s vs (177.05±62.68) s],差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.001、0.002和0.001)。相比于FF-VMAT计划,FFF-VMAT组计划的靶区的D2%[(66.99±2.03) Gy vs (65.69...