人工瓣环成形术与其联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全

目的 总结人工瓣环成形术与人工瓣环联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术的治疗重度三尖瓣反流(TR)的治疗效果.方法 2001年4月至2010年5月间因重度TR行三尖瓣成形术41例,其中单纯人工瓣环成形(R组)21例,人工瓣环联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形(E组)20例.所有病人均经术前、术后早期(出院时)及术后中长期经胸超声心动图检查,观察三尖瓣瓣叶对合情况,以三尖瓣反流束面积(TRA)/右房面积(RAA)定量测定反流程度,三尖瓣口面积、肺动脉压及心功能测定.结果 出院时R组7例无或微量TR,12例轻度TR,2例中度TR,轻、中度者均有前、隔叶对合不良;E组13例无或微量TR,7例轻度TR.随访6～100个月,平均(54.8±26.7)个月,R组5例无或微量TR,11例轻度TR,4例中度TR、1例重度TR,轻至重度者均有前、隔叶对合不良,1例重度者再次实施"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术;E组无三尖瓣狭窄,10例无或微量TR,9例轻度TR,1例中度TR.人工瓣环成形联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术中长期TRA/RAA比值显著低于单纯人工瓣环成形术者(P<0.01).结论 对于三尖瓣瓣缘对合不良及其瓣环扩张引起的重度TR者,人工瓣环成形联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形技术能够更有效地减少术后三尖瓣残余反流以及TR的复发.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze whether association of edge to edge valve repair to artificial ring annuloplasty would result in better results in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR).Methods From April,2001 to May,2010,41 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair to treat severe TR were studied.Twenty-one patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty alone (group R) and twenty patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty associated with edge to edge valve repair ( group E).All the patients received echocardiography before surgery,before discharge and in mid and long-term follow-up.The ratio between TR jet area (TRA) and right atrial area (RAA) was used to quantitatively evaluate the seriousness of TR.Movement of tricuspid valve leaflets,tricuspid valve orifice area,pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP),left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) were obserbed to evaluate heart function.Results At discharge in group R,no or trivial TR was presented in 7 patients,mild TR in 12 patients and moderate TR in 2 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild and moderate TR.While in group E,no or trivial TR was presented in 13 patients and mild TR in 7 patients.The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 100 months[average (54.8 ±26.7) months].In group R,no or trivial TR was present in 5 patients,mild TR in 11 patients,moderate TR in 4 patients and severe in 1 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild to severe TR.Redo tricuspid valve repair was done in one patient in group R for recurrent severe TR and the edge-to-edge valve repair was utilized.In group E,no tricuspid stenosis was found.No or trivial TR was presented in 10 patients,mild TR in 9 patients and moderate TR in 1 patient.The ratio of TRA/RAA of group R was significantly higher than that of group E (0.25 ±0.16 vs.0.13±0.10,P < 0.01).Conclusion Association of edge-to-edge valve technique to artificial ring annuloplasty was safe and effective for treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation due to bad apposition of free edges of tricuspid leaflets and dilatation of tricuspid annulus,.It could decrease the incidence of residual tricuspid regurgitation and prevent the recurrence of severe tricuspid regurgitation.     

人工瓣环成形术与其联合"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全

Objective To analyze whether association of edge to edge valve repair to artificial ring annuloplasty would result in better results in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR).Methods From April,2001 to May,2010,41 patients underwent tricuspid valve repair to treat severe TR were studied.Twenty-one patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty alone (group R) and twenty patients were done artificial ring annuloplasty associated with edge to edge valve repair ( group E).All the patients received echocardiography before surgery,before discharge and in mid and long-term follow-up.The ratio between TR jet area (TRA) and right atrial area (RAA) was used to quantitatively evaluate the seriousness of TR.Movement of tricuspid valve leaflets,tricuspid valve orifice area,pulmonary artery pressure ( PAP),left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) were obserbed to evaluate heart function.Results At discharge in group R,no or trivial TR was presented in 7 patients,mild TR in 12 patients and moderate TR in 2 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild and moderate TR.While in group E,no or trivial TR was presented in 13 patients and mild TR in 7 patients.The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 100 months[average (54.8 ±26.7) months].In group R,no or trivial TR was present in 5 patients,mild TR in 11 patients,moderate TR in 4 patients and severe in 1 patient.Bad apposition of the free edges of anterior and septal leaflets was observed in paients with mild to severe TR.Redo tricuspid valve repair was done in one patient in group R for recurrent severe TR and the edge-to-edge valve repair was utilized.In group E,no tricuspid stenosis was found.No or trivial TR was presented in 10 patients,mild TR in 9 patients and moderate TR in 1 patient.The ratio of TRA/RAA of group R was significantly higher than that of group E (0.25 ±0.16 vs.0.13±0.10,P < 0.01).Conclusion Association of edge-to-edge valve technique to artificial ring annuloplasty was safe and effective for treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation due to bad apposition of free edges of tricuspid leaflets and dilatation of tricuspid annulus,.It could decrease the incidence of residual tricuspid regurgitation and prevent the recurrence of severe tricuspid regurgitation.     

"缘对缘"三尖瓣成形在纠治残留三尖瓣关闭不全的应用

目的总结“缘对缘”三尖瓣成形方法治疗重度残留三尖瓣关闭不全的经验。方法19例常规三尖瓣成形术后仍有重度残留三尖瓣关闭不全者接受“缘对缘”三尖瓣成形术。三尖瓣关闭不全的病因包括：风湿性心脏病7例、先天性心脏病8例、创伤性及退行性变各2例。结果住院死亡1例，9例术后无或仅有微量三尖瓣关闭不全，10例术后轻度三尖瓣关闭不全。随访3～60个月，平均36．6个月，16例为微量到轻度三尖瓣关闭不全，2例为轻度到中度三尖瓣关闭不全。结论“缘对缘”三尖瓣成形是纠治重度残留三尖瓣关闭不全的一种有效的辅助方法。     

三尖瓣人工软环成形术

目的 探讨三尖瓣人工软环成形术与非人工软环成形术相比是否具有更好的成形效果.方法 分析2005年1月至2007年12月收治的55例继发性三尖瓣关闭不全病人的临床资料.其中风湿性心脏病51例,房间隔缺损3例,室间隔缺损1例;三尖瓣成形中29例采用Kay成形术或DeVega成形术,26例行人工软环成形术.两组术前心功能分级、三尖瓣反流程度、肺动脉压力差异无统计学意义.结果 两组均无手术死亡,两组病人术后右心房、右心室缩小,与术前比较差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),组间差异亦有统计学意义.随访6～40个月,非人工软环组出现三尖瓣重度反流3例;人工软环组未出现三尖瓣严重反流.结论 三尖瓣人工软环成形效果优于非人工软环成形术.     

改良三尖瓣环成形技术治疗功能性重度三尖瓣反流

目的 总结采用改进瓣环成形技术加用人工毡条加固的方法进行三尖瓣成形的手术效果。方法 2008年1月至2010年6月,76例平均年龄53.3岁。合并左心瓣膜疾病的重度三尖瓣关闭不全患者接受手术。其他病变包括：二尖瓣病变52例,主动脉瓣病变5例,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣双瓣病变19例,左房血栓22例,房颤73例。心功Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级47例,Ⅳ级23例。行二尖瓣置换52例,主动脉瓣置换5例,二尖瓣及主动脉瓣置换19例,左房血栓清除22例,左房折叠21例,左心耳缝合68例。左心病变处理完,心脏复跳后进行三尖瓣成形。先对隔前交界进行折叠环缩,用3-0带垫片双头针prolene线,在交界区作水平褥式缝合并打结。进出针均在瓣环上,缝合距离隔瓣5～6 mm,前瓣10 ～ 12 mm。然后按类似DeVega成形方法对后瓣瓣环区域重建,从前后交界前叶侧开始,顺时针方向缝至隔后交界隔叶侧,于三尖瓣瓣口中置入27 ～ 29 mm测瓣器行打结,再取3～5 mm宽毡条用两根2-0 prolene线间断缝合,对已环缩后瓣部分进行加固。生理盐水注射若无明显反流,完成手术。术后1周进行心脏超声心动图检查。患者出院后每6个月进行复查。结果 全组患者无死亡。术后中心静脉压明显降低,由术前16 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)降至术后8 mm Hg(P =0.0021);肺动脉收缩压由术前59 mm Hg降至术后24 h的41 mm Hg,P=0.038。术后7天超声心动图检查56例三尖瓣无反流,18例三尖瓣微量或少量反流,2例三尖瓣中量反流,无残余中度以上三尖瓣关闭不全发生。右房室直径较术前明显变小。左室射血分数提高,但与术前差异无统计学意义。所有患者心功能均明显改善,术前右心功能不全体征均明显缓解或消失。术后随访1～36个月,除1例三尖瓣反流由出院时轻度变成中度外,其余均无明显变化。患者复查时均无明显肝淤血或双下肢水肿。结论 采用改进的瓣环成形方法,合理地保留了重建后三尖瓣的外形,使不均匀扩张的三尖瓣的各个部分都得到改善,继而增加了三尖瓣前叶和隔叶在收缩期的对合面积。既保留了自体三尖瓣环的弹性,也减小了远期因缝线松脱断裂导致关闭不全复发的危险性。     

瓣膜成形环在治疗功能性三尖瓣关闭不全中的疗效分析

目的 分析评价三尖瓣成形环成形术在治疗中、重度三尖瓣功能性关闭不全中的效果.方法 自2008年1月至2010年1月对75例中度至重度功能性三尖瓣反流的患者行三尖瓣成形手术,其中31例采用传统Devega法成形术(对照组);44例采用国产佰仁思瓣膜成形软环(成形环组),分析对比两组手术方法及成形效果. 结果 75例患者中围手术期死亡4例,死亡率为5.3％,其中69例(97.2％)患者于术后1个月、1年、18个月进行随访,随访末期,对照组与成形环组左室射血分数、肺动脉收缩压差异无明显统计学意义(P＞0.05),而对照组48.1％ (13/27)出现中度以上三尖瓣反流,成形环组16.7％ (7/42)出现中度以上反流,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论 三尖瓣成形环在治疗功能性三尖瓣反流方面具有较好的中期效果.     

简化Manipal法三尖瓣成形术

目的 对比分析简化Manipal法三尖瓣成形术和DeVega法瓣环成形术的效果。方法2001年10月至2004年8月期间连续123例左心瓣膜手术（二尖瓣或二尖瓣主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换）同时行简化Manipal法三尖瓣成形者（A组），与同期174例DeVega法三尖瓣成形者（对照组，B组）进行三尖瓣成形术疗效对比分析。两组病例术前基本情况差异无统计学意义。结果 术后早期死亡11例（A组4例，B组7例），总手术死亡率为3．7％。生存出院286例中，215例随访13～49个月，平均（28．4±9．1）个月，总随访率75．2％。随访期内死亡10例，晚期病死率4．7％。A组在随访18个月、30个月、42个月时间段组内相互比较，3～4级三尖瓣关闭不全病人数量差异无统计学意义；而B组在同样时间段组内相互比较，3～4级三尖瓣关闭不全病人数量随时间增加而有所增加，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。随访期内B组有2例重度三尖瓣不全，内科治疗无效，分别于手术后1．5年、3．5年行三尖瓣置换术。结论 随访结果显示简化Manipal法较DeVega法的成形效果更为稳定。     

"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的早中期随访

目的 回顾性分析"缘对缘"二尖瓣成形术的早、中期效果.方法 1999年8月至2007年7月完成了128例"缘对缘"(edge to edge)二尖瓣成形术,分析其围术期及随访结果.结果 全组无手术死亡.平均随访46.8个月(1～97个月),无二次手术率96.9%,生存率98.4%.5例(3.9%)复发二尖瓣中、重度反流,其中4例(3.1%)行二尖瓣置换,1例早期缝线撕脱二次手术后死亡,1例拒绝二次手术而死亡.3例(2.3%)轻度二尖瓣狭窄,心功能Ⅰ级,仍在随访中.其余120例二尖瓣反流明显减轻(术前3.4对术后1.1,P＜0.05),心功能(NYHA)级别明显改善(术前2.4级对术后1.1级,P＜0.05).术后二尖瓣口面积平均为(2.45±0.70)cm2.左室舒张末径显著缩小[术前(57.9±9.0)mm对术后(48.6±7.6)mm,P＜0.05].术后左心室射血分数无明显改变(术前0.61±0.08对术后0.60±0.06,P=0.03).结论 "缘对缘"二尖瓣成形术是治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的安全、有效方法,早、中期效果良好.远期效果尚有待于进一步观察.     

瓣膜成形术治疗原发性感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全

Ⅱ级3例.结论 二尖瓣成形术治疗感染性心内膜炎二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效较好,术后左心室明显减小.     

缘对缘瓣叶缝合技术治疗退行性二尖瓣关闭不全的临床分析

目的 探讨缘对缘瓣叶缝合技术的特点及其治疗退行性二尖瓣关闭不全的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年1月58例因退行性二尖瓣关闭不全行缘对缘瓣叶缝合技术治疗的患者的临床资料.58例患者中男性32例,女性26例;年龄43～65岁,平均(56±6)岁.二尖瓣中度反流18例,重度反流40例.前瓣叶脱垂50例,双瓣叶脱垂8例.58例患者均采用缘对缘瓣叶缝合技术,其中44例患者同期行瓣环成形术.通过电话、信件、门诊复查等方式进行随访.结果 围手术期无死亡和严重并发症发生.58例患者术后复查经胸超声心动图提示左心室、左心房明显缩小(P均＜0.05),二尖瓣反流明显改善(无反流9例、微量反流30例、轻度反流19例),且无狭窄发生.58例患者术后随访24～95个月,平均(58±20)个月.随访期间死亡2例,死亡原因均为非心源性.二尖瓣重度反流1例、中度反流3例,无狭窄发生.术后5年二尖瓣再次中重度反流免除率为91.9％.随访中根据手术时是否行瓣环成形术,将58例患者分成缘对缘瓣叶缝合组14例和缘对缘瓣叶缝合+瓣环成形组44例,生存分析显示,缘对缘瓣叶缝合+瓣环成形组患者术后远期二尖瓣再次中重度反流免除率更高(x2=4.034,P=0.045).结论 缘对缘瓣叶缝合技术治疗退行性二尖瓣关闭不全围手术期及术后远期成形效果良好,与瓣环成形技术联合应用可提高术后远期成形效果.     

改良三尖瓣成形环技术治疗继发性三尖瓣关闭不全的中期效果

目的 总结改良三尖瓣环成形技术的近、中期疗效.方法 2002年8月至2007年12月,连续158例左心系统瓣膜病变合并三尖瓣关闭不全患者行三尖瓣环成形手术治疗.158例患者中,男74例,女84例;年龄(47.3±12.0)岁.肺动脉收缩压(53.4±19.8)mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa).三尖瓣轻度反流患者66例(41.8％),中度反流54例(34.2％),重度反流38例(24.0％).术前轻度反流组三尖瓣瓣口直径(38.2±4.9) mm,中度反流组(47.0±11.6) mm,重度反流组(44.5±8.9) mm,P＜0.001.轻、中、重度反流组左心室射血分数分别为0.59±0.08、0.59±0.06、0.58±0.09,差异无统计学意义,P=0.73.三尖瓣成形手术适应证为中-大量三尖瓣反流或中度以上肺动脉高压病例(肺动脉收缩压＞40 mm Hg).应用Cosgrove-Edwards成形环进行改良三尖瓣环成形术,在经典术式基础上尽可能采用小号三尖瓣成形环和隔瓣部分固定技术.通过多元回归和生存分析方法,评价近、中期疗效.结果术后少、中、大量反流组病例三尖瓣环缩小值分别为(12.4±5.6) mm、(20.8±11.5)mm、(18.6±8.3) mm,三尖瓣环少量反流组瓣口直径环缩幅度显著小于中、重度反流组(P＜0.001).术后早期中量反流组1例患者死亡.术后157例患者获得中期随访,随访中位数为49.1个月.随访期间3例出现三尖瓣中、大量反流,其中,术前中度反流组1例,重度反流组2例,组间差异无统计学意义,P=0.06.中期随访中9例死亡,其中术前轻度反流组3例,中度反流组2例,重度反流组4例,组间差异无统计学意义,P=0.10.结论 应用Cosgrove-Edwards成形环进行改良三尖瓣环成形术治疗左心系统瓣膜病变合并三尖瓣关闭不全中期效果良好.     

Association of edge-to-edge repair to De Vega annuloplasty for tricuspid incompetence

BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyze whether association of edge to edge repair to De Vega annuloplasty would result in better results in patients with severe TR. METHODS: Fifty seven patients with TR>/=3 were randomized to undergo modified De Vega alone (group D, 28 patients) or associated with edge to edge repair (group E, 29 patients). All patients had preoperative and two postoperative (early and mid-term) echocardiography. The tricuspid regurgitation, diameter of tricuspid valve annulus, pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular EF were recorded. RESULTS: Early postoperative echocardiography indicated less residual TR in group E while other parameters were comparable. The mean follow-up period was 28.2+/-5.4 months. Mid-term postoperative mean TR was 1.9+/-0.8 vs. 1.0+0.4 (p=0.0384) indicated less redevelopment of TR in group E. Additionally TVA re-dilatation was found more prominent in group D. One patient in group D underwent operation for recurred TR. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that association edge-to-edge technique to De Vega annuloplasty has resulted in reduced residual TR and less incidence of recurrence of TR and TVA dilatation.     

A novel approach of tricuspid valve repair: mitralization of tricuspid valve

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESThis study presents the mid-term results of a novel tricuspid valve (TV) repair strategy defined as ‘mitralization of TV’ (resection and plication of the posterior leaflet, ring implantation, optional leaflet procedures) applied for the correction of tricuspid regurgitation (TR).METHODSBetween 2017 and 2020, a total of 22 patients underwent concomitant TV repair using mitralization of the TV. Fourteen of the patients had functional TR (2 of them had severe tethering), 5 patients had prolapse and 3 patients had rheumatic involvement.RESULTSThere was no in-hospital mortality. Moderate or severe TR was not observed in any patient in echocardiographic evaluations before discharge. The mean follow-up duration was 30.9 + 6.2 months. Moderate-to-severe TR-free survival was 100% in the second year and 94.7% in the third year.CONCLUSIONSMitralization of the TV is a safe and effective treatment modality in terms of its mid-term results. This new technique provides an innovative perspective for the treatment of TR, especially in complex TV pathologies.     

A prosthetic ring annuloplasty with edge-to-edge repair for a treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation

A 59-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with shortness of breath and edema of the lower extremities was diagnosed with right ventricular failure stemming from severe tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR). She had undergone mitral valve replacement (MVR) with a mechanical valve at the age of 42. The approach to the heart was established via a right thoracotomy at the 4th intercostals space. A beating heart cardiopulmonary bypass procedure was performed in which tricuspid valve repair was performed with the edge-to-edge repair and MC3 annuloplasty system. The operative course was uneventful. This technique may be feasible and clinically effective in the treatment of severe TR.     

"缘对缘"瓣膜成形术在先天性心脏病合并重度三尖瓣关闭不全中的应用

目的 总结运用"缘对缘"成形技术治疗先天性心脏病病人的重度三尖瓣关闭不全的效果.方法 2001年4月至2010年3月,对14例先大性心脏病合并重度三尖瓣关闭不全病人采用常规三尖瓣瓣环成形和"缘对缘"技术行三尖瓣成形.年龄7～62岁,平均(31.2±16.1)岁.先大性心脏畸形包括继发孔房间隔缺损6例,房室管畸形5例,继发孔房间隔缺损合并二尖瓣关闭不全2例,三房心1例.结果 14例出院时均无不适,无住院死亡及术后并发症.术后超声心动图检查示三尖瓣关闭不全无或微量11例,轻度3例.随访3～97个月,平均(51.6±26.8)个月.随访时超声心动图检查示均无三尖瓣狭窄,三尖瓣关闭不全无或微量5例,轻度8例,中度1例.结论 "缘对缘"成形技术纠治先天性心脏病合并重度三尖瓣关闭不全简单、有效.