上海市某医院新生儿脐带血中多溴联苯醚水平及其对出生结局的影响

目的 调查上海市某医院新生儿脐带血中多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)浓度水平,并分析胎儿期PBDEs暴露对新生儿出生结局的影响.方法 于2006年9月至2007年4月,对上海市某医院50名入院分娩的孕妇进行问卷调查,孕妇均为单胎妊娠,排除高血压、糖尿病、HIV感染和不良药物史.收集新生儿脐带血样本,使用气相色谱-负化学电离源-质谱法检测脐带血中7种PBDEs[溴代联苯醚(BDE)-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183]浓度,计算PBDEs总浓度(∑,PBDEs),并进一步分析脐带血中PBDEs浓度水平对新生儿出生结局的影响.结果 上海市某医院新生儿身长为(50.15±0.75)cm,体重为(3.49±0.42)kg,胸围为(34.76±1.51)cm,头围为(35.03±1.40)cm,体质指数为(13.76±1.36)kg/m2.新生儿脐带血中∑,PBDEs中位数浓度(范围)为14.06(1.03～379.73)ng/g脂重(lipid weight,1w).BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183检出率分别为22%(11/50)、22%(11/50)、98%(49/50)、72%(36/50)、76%(38/50)、90%(45/50)、14%(7/50).各同族体中位数浓度(范围)分别为:BDE-28为<检测限(LOD)(＜LOD～137.20 ng/g 1w),BDE-47为＜LOD(＜LOD-33.17 ng/g 1w),BDE-99为7.54(＜LOD-94.01)ng/g 1w,BDE-100为1.57(＜LOD-46.95)ng/g 1w,BDE-153为0.63(＜LOD-79.08)ng/g 1w,BDE-154为0.63(＜LOD-22.30)ng/g 1w,BDE-183为＜LOD(＜LOD-21.63 ng/g 1w).新生儿体质指数与BDE-99(r=-0.347,P＜0.05)和BDE-154(r=-0.292,P＜0.05)浓度呈负相关.将出生结局按照累计频率25%分为低(≤25%)、高(＞25%)两组,BDE-99在低身长组(≤50 cm)和高身长组(＜50 cm)的几何均数分别为10.59 ng/g 1w和3.60 ng/g 1w,二者差异有统计学意义(t=2.32,P=0.03).结论 上海市某医院新生儿脐带血中普遍存在PBDEs,胎儿期PBDEs暴露可影响新生儿出生结局.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in umbilical cord serum and analyze the influence of exposure to PBDEs during fetal stage on newborn birth outcomes in Shanghai.Methods Fifty delivery women in a Shanghai hospital were surveyed by questionnaire.and the umbilical cord serum were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the delivery women were singleton pregnancies,excluding hish blood pressure,diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congeners(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE-153,BDE-154 and BDE-183) were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were anatyzed. Results Newborns'length.weight,chest circumference,head circumference and body mass index(BMI)were(50.15±0.75)cm,(3.49±0.42)kg,(34.76±1.51)cm,(35.03 ±1.40)cm,(13.76±1.36)kg/m2,respectively.The median of ∑7 PBDEs concentration in umbilical cord serum was 14.06(1.03-379.73)ng/g lipid weight(1w).The detection rate of BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE-153,BDE-154 and BDE-183 were 22%(11/50),22%(11/50),98%(49/50).72%(36/50),76%(38/50),90%(45/50)and 14%(7/50),respectively.The median(range)of PBDEs (BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE-153,BDE-154,BDE-183)congeners were ＜LOD (＜LOD-137.20 ng/g 1w),＜LOD(＜LOD-33.17 ng/g 1w),7.54.ng/g 1w(＜LOD-94.01 ng/g 1w),1.57 ng/g 1w(＜LOD-46.95 ng/g 1w),0.63.ng/g 1w(＜LOD-79.08 ng/g 1w),0.63 ng/g 1w(＜LOD-22.30 ng/g 1w)and＜LOD(＜LOD-21.63 ng/g 1w),respectiveIy.The newborns'BMI showed a negative correlation with BDE-99(r=-0.347.P＜0.05)and BDE.154(r=-0.292.P＜0.05).BDE-99in low-length group(≤50 cm,10.59 ng/g 1w) was significantly higher(t=2.32,P=0.03)than that in high-length group(＞50 cm,3.60 ng/g 1w).Conclusion PBDEs were commonly detected in newborns'umbilical cord serum in this study.Our findings indicated that exposure to PBDEs adversely affected the development of the newborns.     

上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚暴露水平

目的 通过对上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)含量的测定和分析,了解该地区人群中PBDEs的暴露水平及其相关影响因素.方法 于2006年9月至2007年4月在上海市某医院对48名产妇进行问卷调查,并采集其乳汁样本,产妇均为单胎妊娠,排除高血压、糖尿病、HIV感染和不良用药史.采用气相色谱-负化学电离源-质谱法测定乳汁中7种PBDE同族体[溴代联苯醚(BDE)-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153和BDE-183]的含量,并分析其影响因素.结果 产妇乳汁中7种PBDEs(∑,PBDEs)浓度中位数为8.81 ng/g脂重(lipid weight,1w),浓度范围为1.92-41.55 ng/g 1w.BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-100、BDE-99、BDE-154、BDE-153、BDE-183检出率分别为98%(47/48)、96%(46/48)、86%(41/48)、90%(43/48)、83%(40/48)、98%(47/48)、90%(43/48);浓度中位数分别为0.88、0.99、0.97、1.39、1.14、2.17、1.41 ng/g 1w.不同学历产妇乳汁中PBDEs水平(logΣ7PBDEs)分别为:初中及以下为(0.89±0.24)、高中为(1.02±0.17)、大专及以上为(1.08±0.28);不同月收入水平产妇乳汁中PBDEs水平(log∑7PBDEs)分别为:＜1000元为(0.89±0.12)、1000-3000元为(1.01±0.24)、＞3000元为(1.13±0.21).相关分析发现母亲受教育水平(r=0.322,P＜0.05)和收入水平(r=0.388,P＜0.05)与母乳PBDEs暴露水平呈正相关.结论 产妇乳汁中普遍含有PBDEs,母亲受教育水平和收入水平可能影响母乳中PBDEs水平.

Abstract：

Objective To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Forty-eight puerperas from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the puerperas were singleton pregnancies.excluding high blood pressure.diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congenera(BDE-28,BDE47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-183)were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight(1w),and the range was 1.92-41.55,,g/g 1W. The detection rates of seven congeners(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153,BDE-183)were 98%(47/48),96%(46/48),86%(41/48),90%(43/48),83%(40/48),98%(47/48),90%(43/48),and the median of them was,0.88,0.99,0.97,1.39,1.14,2.17,1.41 ng/g 1w,respectively.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower(0.89 ±0.24),senior high school(1.02±0.17),junior college or higher(1.08±0.28).LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as ＜1000 yuan(0.89±0.12),1000-3000 yuan(1.01±0.24),＞3000 yuan(1.13±0.21).Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers'education level(r=0.322.P＜0.05)and income level(r=0.388.P＜0.05)have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk. Conclusion It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast-milk.however,the education and income levels of the mothers my be the influencing factors.     

上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚暴露水平

Objective To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Forty-eight puerperas from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the puerperas were singleton pregnancies.excluding high blood pressure.diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congenera(BDE-28,BDE47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-183)were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight(1w),and the range was 1.92-41.55,,g/g 1W. The detection rates of seven congeners(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153,BDE-183)were 98%(47/48),96%(46/48),86%(41/48),90%(43/48),83%(40/48),98%(47/48),90%(43/48),and the median of them was,0.88,0.99,0.97,1.39,1.14,2.17,1.41 ng/g 1w,respectively.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower(0.89 ±0.24),senior high school(1.02±0.17),junior college or higher(1.08±0.28).LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as ＜1000 yuan(0.89±0.12),1000-3000 yuan(1.01±0.24),＞3000 yuan(1.13±0.21).Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers'education level(r=0.322.P＜0.05)and income level(r=0.388.P＜0.05)have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk. Conclusion It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast-milk.however,the education and income levels of the mothers my be the influencing factors.     

上海市某医院产妇乳汁中多溴联苯醚暴露水平

Objective To measure the concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)in human breast milk from a hospital in Shanghai and analyze the influencing factors.Methods Forty-eight puerperas from a hospital in Shanghai were selected to answer a questionnaire.and their breast milk samples were collected from September 2006 to April 2007.All the puerperas were singleton pregnancies.excluding high blood pressure.diabetes,HIV infection and adverse medical history.Seven congenera(BDE-28,BDE47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153 and BDE-183)were measured by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The median of total PBDEs concentration in breast milk was 8.81 ng/g lipid weight(1w),and the range was 1.92-41.55,,g/g 1W. The detection rates of seven congeners(BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-100,BDE-99,BDE-154,BDE-153,BDE-183)were 98%(47/48),96%(46/48),86%(41/48),90%(43/48),83%(40/48),98%(47/48),90%(43/48),and the median of them was,0.88,0.99,0.97,1.39,1.14,2.17,1.41 ng/g 1w,respectively.LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different education levels were divided into junior high school or lower(0.89 ±0.24),senior high school(1.02±0.17),junior college or higher(1.08±0.28).LogΣ7PBDEs in breast milk from mothers with different income levels were divided as ＜1000 yuan(0.89±0.12),1000-3000 yuan(1.01±0.24),＞3000 yuan(1.13±0.21).Correlation analysis showed that both the mothers'education level(r=0.322.P＜0.05)and income level(r=0.388.P＜0.05)have a positive correlation to PBDEs levels in breast milk. Conclusion It is very common to detect PBDEs in human breast-milk.however,the education and income levels of the mothers my be the influencing factors.     

2010年太原市普通人群血清中多溴联苯醚负荷水平

目的 研究太原市普通人群血清中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)负荷水平.方法 2010年在太原市共采集了42份普通人群血清样品,用固相萃取-气相色谱-负化学源-质谱法测定了样品中溴代联苯醚(BDE)-17、BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-66、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183 和...     

2010年太原市普通人群血清中多溴联苯醚负荷水平

Objective This study was conducted to characterize polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)load in human serum of Taiyuan city in 2010.Methods A total of 42 blood samples were collected in Taiyuan city,2010.Solid-phase extraction(SPE)-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry method was used to measure the concentration of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE)-17,BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-66,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE.153,BDE-154,BDE-183 and BDE-209 and ∑PBDEs was calculated.Results Of the tested serum samples,∑PBDEs ranged from 2.09 to 66.74 ng/gof lipid weight(1w),the median and mean was 6.32 ng/g 1w and 9.84 ng/g 1w.respectively.BDE-209 was the main source of ∑PBDEs and its concentration ranged from no dectecion to 64.99 ng/g 1w.the median was 4.11 ng/g 1w,accounting for 67.6%of ∑PBDEs.Second source was BDE-153 and its concentration ranged from 0.29 to 4.92 ng/g 1w,the median was 0.62 ng/g 1w accounting for 10.1% of ∑PBDEs.Conclusion The overall load of PBDEs in the serum of local residents was low in 2010.     

乌鲁木齐市汉族孕产妇血清多溴联苯醚负荷水平及对出生结局的影响

目的研究乌鲁木齐市汉族孕产妇血清多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)负荷水平和对新生儿出生结局的关联性。方法随机抽取乌鲁木齐市55例汉族足月初产妇血液样本,使用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨双聚焦磁式质谱联用仪检测血清中7种PBDEs(BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100、BDE-153、BDE-154、BDE-183)浓度,计算PBDEs总浓度(ΣPBDEs),分析各组分之间的相关关系及PBDEs机体负荷与新生儿出生结局的关联。结果ΣPBDEs浓度范围为47. 62～49 900. 00 pg/g lw,在检测组分中BDE-183为PBDEs主要贡献来源,以中位数计算,其贡献率为48. 71%,各组分间BDE-28和BDE-47,BDE-99和BDE-28、BDE-47,BDE-100和BDE-28、BDE-47,BDE-153和BDE-47,BDE-154和BDE-28、BDE-153,BDE-183和BDE-47、BDE-99呈正相关(P<0. 05),ΣPBDEs与新生儿结局变量中仅身长、体质量呈正相关(P<0. 05)。结论乌鲁木齐市汉族孕产妇血液中PBDEs负荷水平较低,但能够对新生儿出生结局造成一定影响。     

2010年太原市普通人群血清中多溴联苯醚负荷水平

Objective This study was conducted to characterize polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)load in human serum of Taiyuan city in 2010.Methods A total of 42 blood samples were collected in Taiyuan city,2010.Solid-phase extraction(SPE)-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry method was used to measure the concentration of brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE)-17,BDE-28,BDE-47,BDE-66,BDE-99,BDE-100,BDE.153,BDE-154,BDE-183 and BDE-209 and ∑PBDEs was calculated.Results Of the tested serum samples,∑PBDEs ranged from 2.09 to 66.74 ng/gof lipid weight(1w),the median and mean was 6.32 ng/g 1w and 9.84 ng/g 1w.respectively.BDE-209 was the main source of ∑PBDEs and its concentration ranged from no dectecion to 64.99 ng/g 1w.the median was 4.11 ng/g 1w,accounting for 67.6%of ∑PBDEs.Second source was BDE-153 and its concentration ranged from 0.29 to 4.92 ng/g 1w,the median was 0.62 ng/g 1w accounting for 10.1% of ∑PBDEs.Conclusion The overall load of PBDEs in the serum of local residents was low in 2010.     

新生儿脐血血清多溴联苯醚浓度及影响因素

[背景]多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一种广泛使用的溴代阻燃剂,对生态环境和人群健康均有不良影响,因此监测脐带血中PBDEs浓度并探究其暴露影响因素可为母婴人群PBDEs暴露风险评估提供证据.[目的]评估新生儿脐血血清中PBDEs的水平并分析暴露影响因素.[方法]以2009年6月—2010年1月江苏省射阳小型出生队列中的1...     

多溴联苯醚的环境分布

持久性有毒物质（PTS）与臭氧层破坏和温室效应一样并称为21世纪影响人类生存与健康的三大环境问题。多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）作为PTS的一种由于其对人体健康造成的危害日益引起各国科学家的关注。该文就PBDEs在世界范围内各种环境介质中的含量及分布情况作一综述。     

Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers exposure and anogenital distance in boys from a Shanghai birth cohort

Background

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are major brominated flame retardant (BFR) chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties. One small-scale study on humans has suggested that prenatal exposure to PBDEs is adversely related to anogenital distance (AGD) a sensitive marker for prenatal androgen exposure. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and AGD among boys 0–4 years of age in a cohort study.

深圳市市售鱼类和禽蛋类食品中多溴联苯醚污染状况分析

目的 了解深圳市市售鱼类和禽蛋类食品中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的污染水平及特征,并对该市居民源于鱼类和禽蛋类食品的PBDEs膳食摄入量进行初步评估.方法 2008年8-10月于深圳市大型超市和农贸市场采集鱼类、禽蛋类样品,共计27份,参照美国国家环保局USEPA1614方法,采用加速溶剂萃取法对上述样品中的PBDEs进行提取,经净化处理后,利用同位索稀释的高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱联用(HRGC-HRMS)技术,测定了样品中8种PBDEs单体的含量.结果 不计算十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)时,鱼类样品∑PBDEs含量中位数为914.7 pg/g湿重,其中,淡水鱼、海水鱼中∑PBDEs含量的中位数分别为328.2、1108.8 pg/g湿重,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其PBDEs特征性污染物均为BDE-47,贡献率分别为61％和57％;禽蛋类食品中∑PBDEs含量中位数为99.8 pg/g湿重,其PBDEs特征性污染物为2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)、2,2 ',4,4',5-五溴联苯醚(BDE-99),两者合计贡献率约为70％.BDE-209在淡水鱼样品中未检出,在海水鱼和禽蛋类样品中其含量的中位数分别为243.7、472.6 pg/g湿重,即在计算BDE-209时,禽蛋类样品中PBDEs特征性污染物为BDE-209.深圳居民源于鱼类及禽蛋类食品的PBDEs膳食摄入量中位数为102 ng/d.结论 深圳市市售鱼类以及禽蛋类食品中PBDEs含量较高;鱼类和禽蛋类食品具有不同的PBDEs污染特征;深圳市居民源于鱼类和禽蛋类食品的PBDEs人均膳食摄入量处于较高水平.     

多溴联苯醚化合物对健康影响的研究进展

为降低火灾的发生频率和危害程度,各种添加型的溴代阻燃剂(BFRs)被广泛使用,以多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)和六溴环十二烷(HBCD)为主.作为一种优廉的阻燃剂,BFRs、PBDEs在给人类带来众多益处的同时,也带来了一系列的生态环境及人体健康问题.     

Trophodynamics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a marine food web

The current study measured the concentrations of 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and eight methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) in a marine food web and estimated their trophic magnification factors (TMFs), to highlight the differences between invertebrates, fish, and seabirds. Concentrations of PBDEs were orders of magnitude greater in seabirds (184.07 ± 161.63 ng/g lipid wt) compared with invertebrates and fish (19.01 ± 14.14 ng/g lipid wt). Although the congener profiles in invertebrates, fish, and juvenile seabirds were dominated by BDE-47, the contributions of BDE-99 and BDE-153 in adult seabirds were also significant. Unlike PBDEs, however, higher average MeO-PBDE concentrations were detected in fish (126.27 ± 189.27 ng/g lipid wt) and bivalves (15.96 ± 11.82 ng/g lipid wt) than in seabirds (2.61 ± 2.87 ng/g lipid wt). Correlations between lipid-normalized PBDE concentrations and trophic levels confirmed that seven PBDE congeners were magnified in the invertebrate-fish-seabird food web and that PBDE concentrations increased at a much greater rate across trophic levels in seabirds than in invertebrates and fish. This result indicates that estimating TMFs of PBDEs separately for seabirds, invertebrates, and fish is preferable. For MeO-PBDEs, no significant relationships were obtained in the invertebrate-fish-seabird food web.     

A review of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in China

This paper reviews recent studies on human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in China, with particular focus on external exposure routes (e.g. diet and dust ingestion, inhalation of air) and internal doses based on biomonitoring studies of PBDEs (e.g. breast milk, blood and hair). PBDE concentrations reported for fish samples collected from electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites, PBDE manufacturing sites, local markets in selected cities and estuarine areas in China have been compiled. House dust has been a significant contributor to human exposure to PBDEs in many countries. This is especially true for toddlers, who are exposed to significantly higher doses of PBDEs than adults. Infants are also exposed to high levels of PBDEs via breast-feeding. The general population's inhalation exposure to PBDEs from household products is likely a less significant source into the indoor environment. In addition, the contribution of several exposure pathways to PBDEs among various age groups was analyzed. We found that house dust contributed most to the daily exposure to PBDEs for both toddlers and adults in urban areas of China. Furthermore, workers and residents in and around electronic recycling and PBDE manufacturing sites are exposed to the highest PBDE levels among all populations studied thus far. For the occupationally exposed populations, BDE209 was the dominant congener, in most cases. Rigorous pollution prevention and occupational protection measures are needed in China to mitigate potential health effects associated with PBDE exposures.     

Association of prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and infant birth weight

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent compounds that have been used as flame retardants in vehicles, household furnishings, and consumer electronics. This study examined whether concentrations of PBDEs in maternal serum during pregnancy were associated with infant birth weight, length, head circumference, and length of gestation. Participants were pregnant women (n = 286) enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) Study, a longitudinal cohort study of low-income, predominantly Mexican families living in the Salinas Valley, California. Blood samples were collected near the 26th week of pregnancy in 1999-2000, and concentrations of 10 PBDE congeners (BDE-17, -28, -47, -66, -85, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) were measured. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the association of lipid-adjusted, log(10)-transformed PBDE concentrations and birth outcome. In adjusted analyses, negative associations with birth weight were seen with BDE-47 (β = -115 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): -229, -2), BDE-99 (β = -114 g, 95% CI: -225, -4), and BDE-100 (β = -122 g, 95% CI: -235, -9). These findings were diminished slightly and were no longer statistically significant when maternal weight gain was included in the models. PBDE congeners were not associated with birth length, head circumference, or gestational duration.