鼻小柱偏曲畸形的矫正术

鼻畸形尤其是鼻小柱的偏曲畸形在单侧唇裂,单侧唇腭裂,鼻外伤,先天性歪鼻畸形中较常见。鼻畸形主要表现为鼻小柱过短、偏斜,鼻尖低平,鼻翼塌陷,双侧鼻孔不对称。临床上在唇裂Ⅱ期的修复中常常以双侧鼻翼悬吊来纠正,因未从根本上解决鼻翼基阶梨状孔周围骨量不足的问题和缺少完整的鼻中隔软骨及大翼软骨所形成的软骨三角支架的支撑,往往达不到理想的效果。远期观察往往仍有较明显的偏曲畸形,鼻孔不对称,鼻小柱短等。为考虑远期效果笔者对鼻小柱纠正术作了改进,现报告如下。     

不同手术方式对幼兔鼻翼软骨发育影响的实验研究

目的:观察不同手术方式对幼兔鼻翼软骨生长发育的影响,为鼻畸形修复术式选择奠定一定基础.方法:健康新西兰幼兔随机分为3组,空白对照组4只,实验组Ⅰ和实验组Ⅱ各12只,实验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ幼兔分别进行鼻翼弧形切口下的潜行剥离及宽度为2 mm×2 mm鼻翼软骨切除.分别于术后4、8、12、16周处死幼兔,完整取出鼻翼软骨,进行组织学及免疫组织化学分析.结果:生长发育各阶段潜性剥离实验侧和对照侧鼻翼软骨细胞生长的各个指标比较差异无统计学意义,两侧软骨细胞的增殖活性一致;而鼻翼软骨部分切除组实验侧断端未形成软骨组织修复,甚至在个别切片上见到有鼻腔黏膜组织长入缺损空隙.结论:潜性剥离鼻翼软骨所造成的创伤对幼兔鼻翼软骨的发育没有不良影响,术后可以形成一个发育成熟的完整个体,而早期切断鼻翼软骨对鼻翼软骨的发育有不良影响,潜在的透明软骨修复能力在生长发育过程中无法完全代偿手术本身的损伤.     

二期单侧唇裂鼻重建术中独立的鼻肌重建术

在唇裂一期修复术后可遗留某些鼻部畸形 ,如鼻孔不对称 ,鼻孔呈横位 ,鼻翼基底部移位 ,鼻尖不对称和鼻中隔尾部偏斜等。近来有人报告鼻肌的插入异常是造成唇裂病人鼻畸形的原因之一。因此 ,该作者改进Delaire口鼻肌重建技术 ,使用独立的鼻肌重建术 ,对112例继发性唇裂鼻畸形未行鼻肌重建术的病人进行治疗。手术方法为 :切口由外侧鼻翼底部开始 ,沿鼻底向内至修复的唇裂位置 ,接着向上至鼻孔底部 ,分离鼻粘膜和皮肤形成皮瓣 ,暴露鼻肌的横向断端 ,并与环状肌和后方的骨膜分离。制作皮下隧道至鼻嵴前部 ,暴露鼻中隔前下部 ,将鼻肌游离并缝合…     

鼻中隔软骨移植物在外伤后鼻背畸形修复中的应用

目的 探讨鼻中隔软骨移植物在外伤后鼻背畸形修复中的应用。 方法 自2014年1月至2016年12月为43例鼻外伤后鼻背畸形患者实施了鼻中隔软骨移植物的植入修复。外伤后鼻部骨性及软骨性鼻锥塌陷、变宽呈鞍型。根据鼻背凹陷的程度,选择没有破碎的鼻中隔软骨,按照鼻背凹陷的形态,修剪缝合成型,经由鼻翼缘切口置入软骨移植物矫正外伤后鼻背畸形塌陷。 结果 随访1~3年,9例患者因鼻部外观欠佳,实施二次鼻畸形修复手术,取得较好的鼻背外观。 结论 鼻中隔软骨移植物在外伤后鼻背畸形手术矫正中具有非常重要的应用价值,可对骨性和软骨性鼻锥的凹陷起到填充作用,使骨性和软骨性鼻锥保持连续性。但术后也存在软骨局部吸收变形、外观轮廓欠佳等不足,需通过填充材料的改进来进一步提高手术效果。     

鼻尖部塌陷畸形矫正10例报告

鼻尖部塌陷畸形为唇裂或腭裂的后遗症,临床较常见.严重唇裂者一侧鼻翼常向外扩张,呈扁平状,鼻翼软骨的中央脚于鼻尖或中柱处分开,致使鼻尖塌陷,鼻底过宽以及鼻翼基底下陷同时存在.     

10 h新生儿Ⅲ度唇裂无麻修复1例

患儿 ,女 ,出生 10h。第一胎足月顺产 ,出生体重3 .2 5kg。出生时间 2 0 0 2年 6月 2 0日 2 3时 ,出生时发现左侧唇红到鼻底完全裂开 ,伴有牙槽突裂 ,牙槽突外翻 ,不伴腭裂。患侧鼻孔宽 ,鼻翼扁平、塌陷。诊断三度唇裂。于 6月2 1日 8时 3 0分在无麻下行三角瓣旋转推进法三度唇裂修复术。常规定点 ,按标记切开 ,因裂隙较大 ,牙槽突向外翻起 ,张力较大 ,做唇颊侧剥离。将上唇翻起 ,唇颊沟松驰切口 ,再沿梨状孔边缘切开 ,则鼻翼根部与上颌骨分离 ,剥离牵引无张力 ,恢复正常位置。因鼻底有裂隙 ,做两侧鼻前庭切口 ,向下翻转 ,缝合三针。封闭鼻…     

单侧唇裂修复术改善鼻部畸形

目的探讨单侧唇裂修复手术对鼻部畸形的治疗影响。方法我院2002年至2006年收治单侧唇裂186例,回顾分析其手术方式与鼻唇部修复情况。结果单侧唇裂修复术后,鼻畸形35例,其中Millard法修复术后鼻畸形12例（12/77,15.6%）;Tennison法修复16例（16/56,28.6%）,上旋转下三角瓣法修复7例（7/53,13.2%）。结论对于单侧唇裂,选择适宜的手术方式,可同期修复鼻部畸形,减少患者痛苦。     

开放式鼻成形术

对鼻畸形的矫冶,采用开放式鼻成形术比鼻内进路为优越。其主要优点是术野清楚,便于双手协同操作,能准确矫正畸形,必要时还可使用电钻。对鼻尖整形及支架修复也较满意,而且有利于教学。手术不需切断鼻翼软骨,可保留鼻瓣膜(nasal valves)作用。手术有广泛的适应症,可适用于复合性鼻及/或鼻中隔骨折,各种先天性或后天性鼻及/或鼻中隔畸形;对一些非成形性鼻内手术如鼻背肿瘤切除及作为蝶窦和鼻中隔穿孔修补术的进路,亦可应用本手术切口得到解决。手术方法主要采用Goodman的鼻小柱改良切口进路,先在鼻小柱中部作倒V形切口,扪清鼻翼软骨尾部     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的修复

唇裂患者除少数例外,均伴有不同程度的畸形,尤其是单侧唇裂患者,往往在唇部解剖形态得以满意恢复之后,常因遗留的鼻翼畸形而再次要求手术治疗.由于其形成机理至今未明,继发鼻畸形还有各种人为因素的影响,至今尚无一种独立的手术方法能满意地治疗所有畸形特征[1].从事唇裂术后继发鼻畸形治疗的医生,应熟悉并掌握多种方法,根据患者的具体情况从中做出适宜的选择.为此本文就单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的修复的手术时机及手术方法做一综述如下.     

鼻翼缺损修补的体会

目的回顾性分析鼻翼缺损的修复方法和疗效。方法1985—2011年收治因各种原因所造成的鼻翼缺损患者12例,利用鼻唇沟带蒂皮瓣和鼻中隔带蒂黏膜软骨瓣进行修补手术,术后观察患者的临床疗效。结果全部病例术后随访1—3年,除1例因鼻中隔黏膜软骨瓣坏死,术后鼻翼出现凹陷外,其余11例患者修复后的鼻翼外形良好,效果满意。结论该方法操作简便,损伤小,利用鼻唇沟带蒂皮瓣修复鼻翼缺损,其颜色、质地、厚度均与鼻翼相似,另取鼻中隔黏膜软骨瓣作为鼻翼的衬里可使鼻翼的厚度与对侧一致,有鼻中隔软骨作支架,可保证修复的鼻翼远期不出现凹陷变形。     

Beurteilung von Form und Funktion der Nase nach offener Rhinoplastik bei einseitigen Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten

Secondary septorhinoplasty in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is performed to improve nasal form and function. The purpose of this study was to compare the initial findings and the surgical outcome in 30 patients with unilateral CLP. Open rhinoplasty was carried out to correct nasal deformity. Nasal soft tissue analysis was done by measurement of standardized raster photographs of the nose and lateral teleradiography. Deviations from the ideal form regarding nasal symmetry, nasal width, and alar base line were determined. The nasal profile was assessed by measuring the nasofacial and nasolabial angle, the angle between the upper lip and the Frankfurt horizontal plane (FHP), and the angle between the columella and the FHP. Nasal patency was evaluated by rhinomanometry. The overall flow (cm3/s) was determined and the flow of the cleft side and non-cleft side compared. Evaluations were made immediately before and 6 months after surgery. In the frontal plane, nasal symmetry was significantly improved and the alar form adjusted. The deep position of the columella was corrected. The acute nasofacial angle and the drooping ala were not significantly improved. An increase in the overall flow and correction of the quotient cleft/non-cleft side was achieved by the surgical procedure. In this study, aesthetically and functionally relevant findings were objectified and can be used for quality control.     

Prolabial lengthening by Turkish tulip method in bilateral cleft lip repair

OBJECTIVE: In bilateral cleft lip, there is a characteristic deformity called cleft lip nose characterized by short columella and prolabium with a pressed nose. Although lots of surgical techniques were described for columella lengthening and correction of the nose deformity, no technical method was suggested for prolabium lengthening. STUDY DESIGN: In this paper we propose a simultaneous bilateral cleft lip repair and lengthening of the prolabium, and describe a new technique called "Turkish tulip" for this aim. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females) with bilateral cleft lip were treated using this method. Patients' ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years at the time of operation. Five patients had incomplete and six had complete bilateral cleft lips. The patients were evaluated in terms of functional and aesthetic results in postoperative period. RESULTS.: The average follow-up time was 8 months (ranged from 4 months to 15 months). There were no postoperative complications. The prolabium was lengthened adequately in all patients. No notch and whistle deformity was seen in our series. The patient or parent satisfaction was good or perfect in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid the disadvantage of the long time course required to correct the nose deformity and to lengthen the prolabium, we propose the "Turkish tulip" technique with the primary repair of bilateral cleft lips simultaneously. With this technique it is possible to lengthen the columello-prolabial complex with cleft lip repair in the same session without any intervention to any part of the nose including the columella. As a preliminary study, according to the early results, this new technique seems to have good cosmetic outcomes.     

3-dimensional image acquisition for analysis of primary, cleft-induced facial deformity with an optoelectronic surface scanner]

BACKGROUND: Anthropometric analysis of the face has been performed with direct facial measurement and photogrammetry. Both methods have disadvantages. The aim of our investigation was to create a three-dimensional image of the primary cleft nasal deformity with a video scanner and to carry out linear measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Facial plaster casts of 19 patients with uni- and bilateral cleft lip and palate before primary lip repair were scanned with digital surface photogrammetry DSP 400. The width of the nose and of the nostril floor, the distance of the alar bases, the length of the ala, and the nasal tip protrusion were measured. RESULTS: Imaging was possible without problems in all models. Direct measurements of the model correlated well with the results of the three-dimensional image. Significant dimensional differences of the nasal parameters examined were noted, depending on the cleft type. DISCUSSION: A video-supported surface scanner allowed immediate three-dimensional imaging of the face. The computer software analyzed the generated surface exactly. The data measured with the presented system resembled other previously published results.     

Management of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Management of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity can be a challenging task. This paper provides an overview of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity with an updated review of current management issues in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently reported that orofacial clefts are now the most common birth defect. While this statistic may be disheartening, the increased prevalence brings the problem to light at the forefront of the medical community, thus gaining more support and resources. Many techniques have been described for repair of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity. A recent advancement in presurgical orthopedics is the use of nasoalveolar molding to narrow wide clefts. SUMMARY: Surgical management of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity poses a challenge to the skill and judgment of the cleft surgeon. Although techniques continue to evolve over the decades, the basic principles of cleft surgery remain the same. The main principles are to achieve an appropriate philtral size and shape, to position the cartilages in a more optimal position, and to attain muscular continuity and symmetry for optimal appearance and function. Thus, while keeping the basic principles in mind, management of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity becomes a valuable and rewarding experience for the surgeon, patient and caregiver.     

Nasal deformity after bilateral cleft lip repair

Primary nasal deformity is characterized by apparent prolabio-columellar skin shortness due to alar cartilage dislocation worsened by lack of muscular support. The secondary deformation retains part of the initial deformity, sometimes even worsened by the primary lip repair. Multiple surgical lengthening techniques were used in nasal defect correction, suggesting both technical complexity and unsatisfactory results. Indeed, columellar insufficiency has more to do with abnormal columello-apical skin distribution due to alar mispositioning than an effective lack of skin. Secondary correction by open rhinoplasty allowing careful cartilage reconstruction of the nose tip seems to be widely accepted. However, the nasal defect can be limited by performing a primary intervention focusing on two principles: columellar lengthening by early alar repositioning and simultaneous lip and nose repair.     

Isolated Nasalis Muscle Reconstruction in Secondary Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Reconstruction

Objectives/Hypothesis: Reconstruction of the nasalis muscle in the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity improves surgical results. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of a series of 112 consecutive procedures. Methods: Chart review and analysis of standardized preoperative and postoperative clinical photographs. Results: Patients treated with this technique had improved contour of the alar base compared with historical controls. Conclusion: Nasalis muscle reconstruction should be considered in the repair of the moderate to severe unilateral cleft nose deformity.     

Alar base flap and suspending suture: a strategy to restore symmetry to the nasal alar contour in primary cleft-lip rhinoplasty

OBJECTIVE: Patients presenting with cleft-lip deformity usually present with a characteristic nasal deformity. We describe the mechanism and contribution of different surgical techniques to restore alar symmetry in primary cleft-lip rhinoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluate surgical results using a retrospective, randomized, blinded surgical grading system. We describe a surgical technique designed to restore nasal symmetry in patients undergoing primary cleft-lip rhinoplasty. Patients were selected retrospectively. METHODS: A series of patients were identified with nasal asymmetry associated with cleft-lip deformity. All patients underwent cleft-lip repair with concurrent primary cleft-lip rhinoplasty. Patients who underwent alar base flap suspending suture (ABF-SS) were grouped and selected consecutively after a modification in the senior author's surgical technique. A control group was matched for age, sex, and cleft characteristics. Primary rhinoplasty was carried out concurrently for both study groups while undergoing unilateral cleft-lip repair. The control group did not undergo the described ABF-SS technique. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon over a period of 5 years. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by a panel including lay people as well as trained health care workers experienced in the critical evaluation of esthetic results after cleft-lip rhinoplasty. RESULTS: Forty-six records were reviewed of patients undergoing complete unilateral cleft-lip repair. After applying strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, nine patients underwent the described ABF-SS technique. All patients in the preoperative group had a clinically and statistically comparable degree of deformity (P > .05). There was a clinical and statistically significant improvement in nostril size, shape, symmetry, alar base symmetry, and nasal tip/dome symmetry for patients undergoing repair with the described technique compared with the control group. No clinical or statistically significant difference was observed in the scarring scores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting with cleft-lip deformity usually present with a characteristic nasal deformity. Execution of the described surgical techniques restores nasal alar symmetry in patients undergoing concurrent primary cleft-lip rhinoplasty.     

The external rhinoplasty approach for rhinologic surgery in children.

The external rhinoplasty is a versatile approach for exposing nasal anatomy in children and has been utilized for a variety of rhinologic problems (N = 35). These have included septal deviation (11), cleft lip nasal deformity (10), unilateral choanal atresia (five), nasal dermoids (four), and problems of the sphenoidal sinus (five). For children with septal deformities, the external approach allows complete intranasal visualization, providing access for careful and conservative reconstruction. In children with cleft lip nasal deformity, decortication allows for direct sculpting of the alar cartilages. For unilateral choanal atresia, the external technique provides exposure of the posterior vomer as in the transpalatal approach, but without the risk to palatal growth. For nasal dermoids, the open rhinoplasty offers wider exposure with more control over the medial osteotomies, a better view of the cribriform plate, and enhanced cosmesis. For problems of the sphenoid, the external route utilizes the guiding midline intranasal structures for rapid and direct entry into the sinus. In our study, the age range of the children was between 7 months and 18 years. The range of follow-up was between 6 months and 5 years. The techniques for the individual procedures are described, along with a rationale for their employment. There were no postoperative complications, and no long-term problems associated with the use of the external technique. In conclusion, the enhanced exposure provided by the external rhinoplasty approach in children facilitates rhinologic procedures on the soft tissues of the nose and the nasal architecture, as well as in the central core of the face.     

Rhinoplasty in unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity

An operation is described for correction of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity which has had considerable uniformity of success and is applicable to both mild and severe degrees of deformity. Our proposed repair technique is performed through an external rhinoplasty approach and depends on repositioning of the displaced and deformed cartilages together with the reinforcement of the structural support of the nose by using multiple cartilage grafts. This surgical technique was used in 18 consecutive adult patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity and yielded consistently good long-term functional and cosmetic results.