槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及机制

目的:比较研究槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用及其可能的途径。方法:采用累积加药法,检测槲皮素和芦丁对去氧肾上腺素(pheny lephrine,PE)预收缩的胸主动脉环张力的影响。结果:槲皮素对离体大鼠内皮完整和去内皮的胸主动脉环均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,而芦丁对PE预收缩血管的舒张作用是内皮依赖性的。槲皮素和芦丁对内皮完整的胸主动脉环的最大舒张反应分别为(77.20±6.11)%和(44.28±7.48)%,但两者对内皮完整的胸主动脉环最大舒张的半数有效浓度无明显差异。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAM E(0.1 mm o l/L)预处理后,可阻断芦丁诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断槲皮素引起的舒张血管作用;用鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μm o l/L)预处理后,两者的血管舒张作用均被阻断。用环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10μm o l/L)预处理后可减弱槲皮素诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断芦丁引起的舒张血管作用。结论:槲皮素的舒血管作用强于芦丁,槲皮素可能是通过鸟苷酸环化酶和环氧合酶途径产生非内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用,而芦丁可能是通过NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径产生内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用。     

桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物的血管作用及其机制

目的:探讨桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物对离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩张力的作用及其机制。方法:采用生物信号采集系统记录灌流胸主动脉环张力变化。结果:①桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物(0.25~32.0 g/L)对苯肾上腺素(PE,1-0 6m o l/L)和KC l(6×1-0 2m o l/L)预收缩的内皮完整和去内皮的血管环均有舒张作用,且呈浓度依赖性;②EC50(KC l 6 g/L,PE 6.4 g/L)的桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物可使CaC l2量效曲线下移,最大反应降低;③经钙通道阻断剂维拉帕米预处理的去内皮血管,桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物可加强PE引起的血管收缩,与ryanod ine受体阻断剂钌红共孵育可取消维拉帕米的上述作用,而IP3受体阻断剂肝素则不能取消其作用。结论:桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物对血管呈非内皮依赖性的双重作用,其舒张效应大于收缩效应。桑叶乙酸乙酯提取物产生的血管舒张作用可能是通过抑制电压依从性钙通道和受体依从性钙通道减少Ca2 内流入血管平滑肌细胞所致;其收缩作用可能是通过激活内质网ryanod ine受体,引起内质网内Ca2 释放引起的。     

金丝桃苷对离体大鼠腹主动脉的舒张作用及其机制研究

目的 研究金丝桃苷对离体大鼠腹主动脉环的舒张作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 在大鼠离体腹主动脉环上,分别观察累积浓度的金丝桃苷 (1×10-6.5～1×10-4mol/L) 对 KCl (30 mmol/L) 和 U46619 (血栓素类似物,1×10-7 mol/L) 预收缩血管环的作用。结果 金丝桃苷能够浓度依赖性舒张由 KC1 和 U46619 预收缩的血管环,最大舒张率分别为 (52.2±7.2)%、(80.7±4.1)%;去除血管内皮后,最大舒张率分别降为 (15.4±1.2)%、(21.6±1.2)%,与内皮完整组比较有显著差异 (P＜0.01)。在 30 mmol/L KCl 和 1×10-7 mol/L U46619 预收缩的内皮完整血管环,用一氧化氮 (NO) 合酶抑制剂 (〖WTBX〗L -NAME,3×10-4 mol/L) 预温育后,金丝桃苷的最大舒张率分别降为 (23.0±3.0)%、(40.3±3.6)%,与未加 〖WTBX〗L -NAME 组比较有显著差异 (〖WTBX〗P ＜0.01);用环氧酶抑制剂吲哚美辛 (1×10-5 mol/L) 预温育对金丝桃苷的舒张血管作用没有明显的影响;在 U46619 预收缩的血管环,合用 〖WTBX〗L -NAME 和吲哚美辛不能完全阻断金丝桃苷引起的血管舒张,最大舒张率为 (36.6±1.9)%,与去内皮组比较差异显著 (P ＜0.01)。结论 金丝桃苷具有内皮依赖性和较弱的非内皮依赖性血管舒张作用,其内皮依赖性血管舒张可能涉及到内皮 NO 和内皮依赖性超极化因子 (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, EDHF) 的释放。     

滨蒿内酯对离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌作用的研究

目的 :研究滨蒿内酯 (scoparone ,Scop)对离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌张力的影响。方法 :通过测定离体血管环张力变化 ,观察Scop对主动脉平滑肌的舒张作用及与苯肾上腺素 (PE)、普萘洛尔 (Prop)和氯化钾 (KCl)之间的相互作用。结果 :Scop舒张离体主动脉平滑肌 ,并且对内皮完整 (EC +)标本的舒张作用明显大于去内皮 (EC - )标本 ,半抑制浓度 (IC50 )分别为 (10 0± 0 4 ) μmol/L(CE +)与 (83 2± 0 8) μmol/L(EC - ) (P <0 0 1) ;Scop使PE量效曲线下移 ,呈非竞争性抑制 ,亲和力指数 (PD2 )分别为 4 93± 0 0 5 (EC +)与 2 94± 0 14 (EC - ) ;Prop(1μmol/L)对Scop舒张血管平滑肌作用无影响 ;Scop不能抑制Prop所致血管平滑肌收缩 ;Scop对血管平滑肌的依内钙及依外钙性收缩均有明显抑制作用。结论 :Scop可舒张离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌 ,此作用与内皮细胞的功能有一定关系。Scop抑制血管平滑肌依内钙与依外钙性收缩可能是Scop舒张血管平滑肌的主要机制     

复方丹参滴丸对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用

目的 观察复方丹参滴丸(DSP)对离体大鼠胸主动脉环舒张作用. 方法 采用大鼠离体主动脉环灌流模型,观察累积浓度的DSP(2.7～21.6 g/L)对去甲肾上腺素(NE)、氯化钾(KC1)预收缩内皮完整和去内皮血管环的影响. 结果 DSP对NE预收缩的内皮完整血管环产生剂量依赖性舒张作用,DSP在21.6 g/L对NE预收缩的去内皮血管环产生舒张作用;对KC1预收缩的内皮完整和去内皮血管环产生剂量依赖性舒张作用. 结论 DSP通过内皮和非内皮作用舒张血管.     

催产素舒张血管的作用及其机制

目的观察催产素（OT）的血管舒张作用并探讨其可能机制。方法采用大鼠离体血管功能实验装置,描记张力变化,血管按随机数表分组,每组6枚血管环,分别保留或去除内皮,各阻断剂预处理30min之后做OT舒张曲线。结果 OT不能舒张苯肾上腺素（PE）预收缩的内皮完整非孕大鼠血管环。而OT（0.1U-3.2U）浓度依赖性地舒张苯肾上腺素（PE）预收缩的内皮完整或去除内皮的大鼠胸主动脉环。一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂亚硝基左旋精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME）可抑制PE诱导的血管舒张作用（P〈0.01）;环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛（Indo）对PE诱导的血管舒张作用无影响。钾通道阻断剂四乙胺（TEA）3mmol/L预处理可减弱OT对内皮完好血管的舒张效应。OT对PE诱导的血管舒张作用与Ca2＋浓度无关。结论 OT具有舒张孕鼠血管作用,其机制与NO-cGMP途径和血管平滑肌钾通道有关。     

血凝酶对大鼠离体胸主动脉环收缩作用的影响

目的:研究血凝酶(Reptilase,RTA)对离体大鼠胸主动脉的收缩作用与机制。方法:制备离体大鼠胸主动脉环,经生物信号采集与分析系统测定血管环的张力变化。分有内皮组和去内皮组,采用累计加药法,观察血凝酶对去氧肾上腺素(PE)和氯化钾(KCl)预收缩的胸主动脉环收缩张力的影响。结果:血凝酶对PE预收缩的胸主动脉环产生浓度依赖性的收缩作用,对内皮完整PE预收缩血管环组显著高于去内皮组;而对KCl预收缩的胸主动脉环张力无显著影响;在内皮完整的血管,预孵内皮素转化酶抑制剂磷阿米酮(phosphoramidone,5×10-6mmol/L,PAMD)后,血凝酶对PE预收缩张力明显低于未孵育组(P<0.01);在去内皮的血管环上,应用EDTA(3mmol/L)螯合细胞外Ca2+或LaCl3(100μmol/L)后,可明显阻断血凝酶对PE预收缩作用(P<0.01)。结论:血凝酶对PE预收缩的胸主动脉环的收缩作用呈浓度依赖性,其机制可能为有内皮细胞途径参与,促进内皮素释放,对PE缩血管产生协同效应;还可能与血管平滑肌上有受体操纵性钙通道(receptor-operated calcium chan-nel,ROCC)[1]参与,增加血管平滑肌钙内流有关。     

刺五加水提取物对大鼠离体动脉血管的舒张作用

[目的]探讨刺五加水提取物舒张血管的作用.[方法]采用大鼠离体胸主动脉环灌流模型,记录苯肾上腺素预收缩的大鼠离体胸主动脉环张力的变化,观察刺五加水提取物的舒张血管作用.[结果]刺五加水提取物对苯肾上腺素预收缩的大鼠胸主动脉环具有浓度依赖性舒张作用.用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯和鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝预处理后,刺五加的舒张血管作用无明显变化.在无钙营养液(含EGTA)环境下,刺五加水提取物对苯肾上腺素收缩有明显的抑制作用.[结论]刺五加水提取物具有浓度依赖性血管舒张作用,此作用与内皮源性的舒张因子一氧化氮无关,可能与抑制血管平滑肌细胞内质网储存钙的释放有关.     

锦灯笼水提物对大鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用及机制

目的观察锦灯笼水提物对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒血管作用并探讨其作用机制。方法采用大鼠胸主动脉环张力测定法。结果在内皮完整及去内皮血管上,锦灯笼水提物均浓度(0.5～64g/L)依赖性地降低苯肾上腺素(1.0×10-5mol/L)及氯化钾(6.0×10-2mol/L)预收缩血管的张力;一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对锦灯笼水提物的舒血管作用无明显影响(P>0.05);钾通道阻断剂TEA、4-氨基吡啶(4-AP)、格列苯脲对锦竹笼水提物的舒血管作用无明显影响(P>0.05);但在无钙环境下,锦灯笼水提物对苯肾上腺素预收缩血管的舒张作用明显减弱,与有钙液相比,差异显著(P<0.01)。此外,锦灯笼水提物对PDBu预收缩的血管有明显的舒张作用(P<0.01)。结论锦灯笼水提物的舒张血管作用表现为非内皮依赖性,其舒张作用可能有与其抑制外钙内流,以及抑制PKC信号传导通路有关。     

和厚朴酚对SD大鼠离体胸主动脉环的作用

目的观察和厚朴酚对SD大鼠离体胸主动脉环的作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法采用大鼠胸主动脉环离体灌流技术,观察和厚朴酚对内皮完整及内皮去除的血管环在基础状态(2.5 g张力)、苯肾上腺素及氯化钾预收缩状态下的作用。并用左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯、吲哚美辛处理血管环,观察和厚朴酚影响血管张力的机制。结果和厚朴酚对血管基础张力无明显影响,能剂量依赖地缓慢舒张高钾、苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE)引起去内皮血管环收缩;对PE引起内皮完整血管呈快速(2 min)、缓慢(15min)双相舒张作用;快速舒张作用不受吲哚美辛影响,而可被一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯完全阻断。结论和厚朴酚对离体血管环具有舒张作用,并增强一氧化氮作用而不影响前列环素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.