雪胆属植物化学成分及药理活性研究进展

雪胆属植物为我国民间药用植物,分布广泛,化学成分以葫芦烷型、齐墩果烷型三萜及其皂苷为主.近年来研究证明其具有抗菌、抗炎、抗癌等广泛的药理活性.总结了雪胆属植物在化学成分、药理作用和资源开发利用等方面的研究进展,为该属药用植物的进一步开发和利用提供参考.     

忍冬属植物三萜皂苷类化学成分研究进展

忍冬属药用植物中三萜皂苷不仅含量高,而且具有多种生物活性。忍冬属植物中分离得到的三萜皂苷主要为齐墩果烷型、羽扇豆烷型和乌苏烷型,苷元分别有常春藤三萜皂苷元、齐墩果酸、白桦脂酸和坡模酸等。按忍冬属植物中三萜皂苷的皂苷元化学结构进行归类,介绍了该属植物中三萜皂苷类成分的结构信息、来源及部分皂苷成分的药理作用,以利于该属植物的进一步研究、开发与利用。     

细柱五加果实化学成分的研究

目的 研究细柱五加Acanthopanax gracilistylus果实的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱层析、反相柱层析、重结晶等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从细柱五加果实中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为竹节参苷Ⅳa甲酯(1),竹节参苷Ⅳa丁酯(2),Acankoreoside D(3),acantrifoside A(4),β-胡萝卜苷(5),3-epi-betulinic acid(6),16-α-羟-19-贝壳杉烷酸(7).结论 化合物1,2首次从该属植物中分离得到,其余均为首次从该植物果实中分离得到.     

耳草属植物中三萜成分及其波谱特征研究进展

从耳草属植物中分离出28种三萜成分，大多为五环三萜，其基本骨架与乌索烷及齐墩果烷，少数为羽扇豆烷衍生物。综述了它们的结构及其波谱特征。     

艳丽齿唇兰的化学成分研究(I)

目的研究艳丽齿唇兰石油醚提取部位的化学成分。方法采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及制备薄层方法对艳丽齿唇兰石油醚部位进行分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从艳丽齿唇兰的石油醚萃取部位分离鉴定出6个化合物,包括2个木栓烷型三萜、1个羽扇豆烷型三萜、2个植物甾醇和1个长链脂肪烷烃,其结构分别鉴定为:木栓酮(1)、木栓烷(2)、豆甾醇(3)、sorghumol(4)、十八烷(5)、菜油甾醇(6)。结论 6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物2为首次从开唇兰属植物中分离得到。     

阔苞菊属植物化学成分与药理活性研究进展

菊科阔苞菊属的多种植物为世界各地的民间用药,受到各国学者的广泛关注.综述阔苞菊属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究进展,其中化学成分包括桉烷型倍半萜类衍生物、噻吩环聚炔类、苯丙素类等;药理活性包括抗氧化、抗炎及神经药理学作用.以期对今后该属植物进一步研究和开发利用提供参考.     

红毛五加多糖含量测定及急性毒性实验研究

红毛五加为五加科五加属植物,主要分布于四川、甘肃、宁夏等地.<神农本草经>记载红毛五加有"祛风湿,通关节,强筋骨"等作用.我们对甘肃产红毛五加水提取物、醇提物及其总甙、多糖成分的抗炎、解热镇痛、镇静、保肝、对免疫功能的影响等多方面药理作用进行了研究[1～3],现对其多糖的含量及急性毒性进行了测定.     

齐墩果烯烷和齐墩果烯皂甙稀酸的消除反应

齐墩果烯烷和齐墩果烯皂甙类化学成分在植物界内分布较广,该类化学成分在强酸性条件下易产生消除反应。Kubota,T.和AgarwaI,S.K.分别发表从植物柴胡(Bupleurum falcatum L)和Cels-ia Coromandeliana vahl中分离得到了以齐墩果烯烷为母核的柴胡皂甙元A(Saiko-genin A)和Celsiogenin C,这些化合物在20％～30％盐酸-甲醇溶液中,回流3～6h     

苦瓜属植物的化学成分与药理活性研究进展

苦瓜属（Momordica Linn.）隶属葫芦科（Cucurbitaceae）,约80种,多数种分布于非洲热带地区,我国产4种,主要分布于南部和西南部。该属植物的化学成分主要是四环三萜及其苷类、齐墩果烷型和乌苏烷型五环三萜及其苷类,以及甾体类、有机酸类、氨基酸类等其他类成分。该属植物具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、免疫调节、抗过敏、镇痛、降血压等多种药理活性。为了更好地开发和利用苦瓜属植物的药用价值,现综述1980年以来本属植物的化学成分与药理活性研究概况。     

糙叶五加叶化学成分研究

目的研究糙叶五加叶的化学成分。方法采用大孔吸附树脂、正反相硅胶、SephadexLH一20凝胶等柱层析方法及重结晶手段进行分离纯化,并采用波谱技术和化合物的理化性质鉴定其结构。结果从糙叶五加叶中分离并鉴定了10个单体化合物,分别为：豆甾醇（1）、胡萝卜苷（2）、蜜蜡酸（3）、槲皮素-3-0-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）、虫漆蜡酸（5）、正十六烷酸（6）、山奈酚（7）、芦丁（8）、槲皮素（9）、正三十四烷酸（10）。结论研究结果进一步明确了糙叶五加叶的物质基础,为今后开发该植物提供了实验数据．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.