槐定碱的中枢兴奋作用及其对Glu、GABA表达的调节

目的探讨槐定碱的中枢药理作用及相关的作用机制。方法采用行为药理学方法观察槐定碱对正常小鼠一般行为、自主活动以及对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响;对阈下剂量戊四氮、烟碱、士的宁、印防已毒素、异烟肼致惊厥的协同作用。采用单极引导法记录大鼠额叶皮层、海马的脑电图,并采用FFT技术定量分析槐定碱对脑电变化的影响。采用免疫组织化学技术（SABC法）,观察槐定碱对大鼠额叶皮层、海马谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸免疫阳性神经细胞表达的影响。结果腹腔注射槐定碱5、10、20mg/kg,小鼠出现出汗、对峙、竖胡须、震颤等兴奋症状。10、20mg/kg能明显延长戊巴比妥钠致小鼠入睡潜伏期（P〈0.01）。侧脑室注射槐定碱,0.1、0.2、0.4mg/只,大鼠额叶皮层、海马均出现痫样放电,痫样放电持续时间和频率均表现出明显的剂量依赖关系。与阈下剂量士的宁、印防己毒素、异烟肼有明显的致惊厥协同作用（P〈0.01）,但与戊四氮、烟碱无明显的协同作用（P〉0.05）。侧脑室注射槐定碱0.2mg/只,明显增加大鼠大脑皮层、海马谷氨酸免疫阳性细胞数（P〈0.01）,γ-氨基丁酸阳性细胞数数目有所下降（P〈0.01）。结论槐定碱对中枢神经系统具有明显的兴奋作用,其作用机制可能与谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸表达失衡有关。     

麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱及其水杨酸衍生物对小鼠中枢神经系统作用的比较

目的 观察并比较麻黄碱(ephedrine，E)、伪麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine，PE)及其水杨酸衍生物麻黄碱水杨酸(ephedrine salicylate，ES)及伪麻黄碱水杨酸(pseudoephedrine salicylate，PES)对小鼠中枢神经系统的作用。方法 观察E、PE、ES和PES ip给药对ip戊巴比妥钠小鼠入睡潜伏期和睡眠持续时间的影响及对正常小鼠自主活动的影响；观察4种药物与阈下剂量戊四氮、烟碱及印防己毒素的协同作用。结果除大剂量(100mg／kg)E外，PE、ES和PES对正常小鼠自主活动无明显影响；E及较大剂量(≥50．0mg／kg)PE、ES及PES能缩短ip戊巴比妥钠小鼠的睡眠时间，小剂量(12．5～25．0mg／kg)PES能缩短ip戊巴比妥钠小鼠的入睡潜伏期；较大剂量的E、PE及ES与阈下剂量戊四氮有协同作用，大剂量ES与阈下剂量烟碱及印防己毒素有协同作用，各剂量PES均不能增强阈下剂量致惊剂的作用。结论E、PE及ES对中枢神经系统具有一定的兴奋作用，而PES无明显的中枢兴奋作用。     

伪麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠中枢作用的研究

目的 了解伪麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠中枢神经系统的作用。方法 采用行为药理学实验观察伪麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠一般行为、自主活动、对戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续时间以及戊四氮、烟碱和印防己毒素诱导惊厥作用的影响。结果 12．5、25．0、50．0、100．0mg／kg伪麻黄碱水杨酸腹腔注射后,小鼠外观行为表现为兴奋,但自主活动被抑制;以上4个剂量的伪麻黄碱水杨酸可显著抑制戊巴比妥钠诱导的催眠作用;100．0mg／kg伪麻黄碱水杨酸对戊四氮、烟碱及印防己毒素诱导的惊厥具有协同作用。结论 伪麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠中枢具有兴奋作用。     

氧化槐定碱和氧化苦参碱对小鼠中枢的抑制作用

目的　研究氧化槐定碱对中枢神经系统的影响。方法　采用行为药理学方法观察并测定氧化槐定碱和氧化苦参碱对阈剂量和阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响、对小鼠外观活动和自发活动的影响及对戊四氮致惊厥作用的影响。结果　ip 1/ 16、1/ 8、1/ 4LD50 剂量的氧化槐定碱和氧化苦参碱都能引起小鼠自发活动的减少(P <0 .0 5 ) ,戊巴比妥钠入睡时间缩短 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,睡眠时间延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并能明显加强阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠的催眠作用 (P <0 .0 5 )。 1/ 4LD50 的氧化槐定碱和氧化苦参碱均不能对抗戊四氮致惊厥作用。结论　氧化槐定碱和氧化苦参碱均具有中枢抑制作用 ,表现为镇静催眠。同比剂量氧化槐定碱在对小鼠自主活动抑制 ,对阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠协同作用略强于氧化苦参碱 ,但氧化苦参碱对延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间略强于氧化槐定碱。     

氧化槐定碱对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

目的 探讨氧化槐定碱对中枢神经系统的影响。方法 采用行为药理学方法观察并测定氧化槐定碱对阈剂量和阈下剂量戊巴比妥催眠作用的影响,对小鼠外观活动和自身活动的影响及对戊四氮惊厥的影响。结果 腹腔内注射氧化槐定碱250,500,1000mg/kg,小鼠自发活动抑制率分别为42．6％,57．2％和76．3％,戊巴比妥钠入睡时间分别缩短38．4％,49．0％和39．7％,而睡眠时间分别延长172％,138％和389％,并能明显加强阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠的催眠作用。氧化槐定碱500,1000mg/kg不能对抗戊四氮引的惊厥。结论 氧化槐定碱具有镇静、催眠等中枢抑制作用。     

麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠中枢兴奋作用的研究

目的：研究麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠中枢的兴奋作用。方法：实验小鼠给予不同剂量的麻黄碱水杨酸后，用GJ-1型光电计数仪记录小鼠一般行为、自主活动的改变，观察戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续时间的改变及观察对戊四氮、烟碱和印防己毒素诱导惊厥和小鼠死亡的影响。结果：12．5、25．0、50．0、100mg／kg麻黄碱水杨酸腹腔注射后，小鼠外观行为表现为兴奋，但自主活动被抑制；以上4个剂量的麻黄碱水杨酸可显著抑制戊巴比妥钠诱导的催眠作用；100mg/kg麻黄碱水杨酸对戊四氮、烟碱及印防己毒素诱导的惊厥具有协同作用。结论：麻黄碱水杨酸对小鼠中枢具有兴奋作用。     

板党硒多糖对中枢神经系统功能的影响

目的 观察板党硒多糖对小鼠中枢神经系统功能的影响.方法 采用行为学的方法观察板党硒多糖对正常小鼠自主活动及对阈剂量戊巴比妥钠小鼠入睡潜伏期和睡眠持续时间的影响;观察板党硒多糖对尼可刹米致惊厥的影响;观察板党硒多糖对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应的影响;观察板党硒多糖对尾悬挂法小鼠活动的影响.结果 小鼠ip给予板党硒多糖,小鼠自主活动明显受到抑制,缩短小鼠ip戊巴比妥钠(40mg/kg)的入睡潜伏期,延长入睡时间 (P<0.01);每只小鼠ip给予板党硒多糖,能抑制尼可刹米致惊厥作用;小鼠ip板党硒多糖,可减少醋酸致小鼠扭体反应次数;小鼠ip板党硒多糖,能减少6min内尾悬挂法小鼠活动次数.结论 板党硒多糖对中枢神经系统具有明显的抑制作用.     

宝心宁胶囊对小鼠改善睡眠作用研究

目的 评价宝心宁胶囊对小鼠睡眠改善作用.方法 昆明种小鼠雌雄各半,随机分为空白对照组,阳性对照组,宝心宁胶囊高、中、低剂量组5组,每组10只,分别灌服蒸馏水、地西泮混悬液10 mg/kg和宝心宁胶囊混悬液(1800、900、450 mg/kg).延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间试验观察宝心宁胶囊对睡眠时间的影响,戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠试验观察宝心宁胶囊与戊巴比妥钠的协同作用,巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期试验观察宝心宁胶囊对小鼠睡眠潜伏期的影响.结果 宝心宁胶囊高、中两个剂量均显著延长小鼠在戊巴比妥钠睡眠试验中的睡眠时间、缩短其入睡潜伏期,同时明显缩短巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期,并与阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠协同作用.结论 宝心宁胶囊具有改善小鼠睡眠作用.     

龙骨酸枣仁对小鼠镇静催眠作用的对比研究

目的:比较观察龙骨和酸枣仁水煎剂对实验小鼠自发活动、睡眠、惊厥的影响.方法:分别给小鼠连续灌胃1周龙骨、酸枣仁水煎剂25g/kg、50g/kg,通过测定药物对动物活动箱中小鼠自发活动次数,观察阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠睡眠时间,阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠入睡率的影响,以及对硝酸士的宁惊厥作用的影响,来比较龙骨和酸枣仁的作用效果.结果:与空白对照组比较,龙骨、酸枣仁水煎剂大小剂量组均可明显减少自发活动次数;延长阈上剂量戊巴比妥钠所致睡眠时间,增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠的入睡率;对抗硝酸士的宁惊厥发作的作用.结论:龙骨、酸枣仁水煎剂对小鼠均有镇静催眠作用,且同浓度时大剂量的镇静催眠作用强于小剂量,相同剂量时酸枣仁的作用强于龙骨.     

猫豆非左旋多巴组分镇静催眠作用研究

目的研究猫豆中的非左旋多巴组分镇静催眠和抗惊厥作用,为猫豆的综合利用奠定基础。方法采用小鼠自主活动法、戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠实验法、延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间法和抗硝酸士的宁致惊厥实验法,观察猫豆中非左旋多巴组分的镇静催眠和抗惊厥作用。结果猫豆非左旋多巴组分在750mg/kg和1 000mg/kg剂量能减少小鼠活动路程(P<0.01或P<0.05);1 000mg/kg和1 250mg/kg能增加阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠入睡小鼠只数(P<0.05),延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间(P<0.05或P<0.01);1 250mg/kg能延长小鼠发生惊厥的潜伏期和死亡时间(P<0.05)。结论猫豆中非左旋多巴组分具有一定的镇静催眠和抗惊厥作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.