变应性接触性皮炎167例变应原分析

目的 分析变应性接触性皮炎患者的变应原.方法 对167例变应性接触性皮炎患者做斑贴试验.结果 面部变应性接触性皮炎92例,占55.1％.斑贴试验阳性者148例,占88.6％.前6位变应原依次为:硫酸镍、芳香混合物、对苯二胺、硫柳汞、辛酸盐和阿必醇.结论 斑贴试验是确证变应性接触性皮炎病因的有效手段.     

用欧洲标准变应原系列检测变应性接触性皮炎

目的　观察欧洲标准变应原系列在我国斑贴试验应用中的可行性。方法　对 181例门诊患者进行了斑贴试验。其中确诊变应性接触性皮炎患者 46例 ,非变应性接触性皮炎患者 2 6例 ,可疑变应性接触性皮炎患者 10 9例。结果　确诊变应性接触性皮炎患者中阳性 45例 ;非变应性接触性皮炎患者阳性 6例 ;斑贴试验的灵敏度为 97.8% ,特异度 76.9% ,准确性 90 .3 % ,阳性预测值 88.2 % ,阴性预测值 95 .2 %。除瘙痒外 ,未见不良反应。可疑变应性接触性皮炎患者结果与以往报告类似。结论　该试剂在我国应用安全有效。     

化妆品变应性接触性皮炎93例临床分析

目的了解化妆品变应原的种类,为预防化妆品过敏提供流行病学资料和临床依据。方法对疑似有接触过敏史的患者做斑贴试验和进行问卷调查。结果共入选599例,其中93例为临床诊断为化妆品变应性接触性皮炎,48例为试验确证为化妆品变应性接触性皮炎,面霜和染发剂是主要的过敏化妆产品。结论对苯二胺、芳香混合物、阿莫醇和阿必醇是化妆品变应性接触性皮炎的主要致敏原。     

两种变应原致小鼠变应性接触性皮炎的研究

目的 建立两种变应性接触性皮炎(ACD)小鼠模型,并探讨其机制。方法 分别以二硝基氟苯和荧光素-5-异硫氰酸盐作为致敏剂,以腹部致敏、耳部激发的方法建立两种ACD小鼠模型。激发前后测量耳廓厚度,计算耳肿胀度;H-E染色观察耳组织病理改变。用免疫组化法检测局部皮损中及用ELISA法检测淋巴结细胞分泌的Th1型/Th2型细胞因子水平。结果 ①成功建立两种ACD小鼠模型。②两种模型的局部皮损中细胞因子的表达有差异。二硝基氟苯组以白介素2表达为主;异硫氰酸荧光素组以白介素4表达为主。③二硝基氟苯组淋巴结细胞分泌干扰素酌的量是异硫氰酸荧光素组的5倍多;异硫氰酸荧光素组淋巴结细胞分泌白介素4的量是二硝基氟苯组的约2倍。结论 二硝基氟苯诱导以Th1型细胞因子占优势的ACD,异硫氰酸荧光素诱导以Th2型细胞因子占优势的ACD。     

化妆品接触性皮炎

化妆品接触性皮炎(cosmetic contact dermatitis,CCD)临床较常见,最初的诊断应基于患者病史和皮炎分布特点。面部接触各种化妆品的机会最多,因此面部皮炎是CCD的常见表现,尤其是眼睑、侧面部、面中部、面部泛发性皮炎。其它表现如颈部、腋窝、外阴皮炎等都有其独特的致病因素。一旦怀疑本病,应根据经验向患者推荐低致敏性护肤品,同时斑贴试验明确致敏原。致敏原的确定可以帮助患者获取安全使用的产品,患者的健康教育可降低再次致敏的可能性。     

香料变应性接触性皮炎

香料(fragrance)是一种能被嗅觉嗅出香气或味觉尝出香味的物质,广泛存在于化妆品、调味剂、清洁剂、药物以及多种生活用品中^[1,2].随着芳香产品的广泛应用,香料所引起的接触变态反应日益受到人们的重视.     

兰州地区化妆品变应性接触性皮炎患者斑贴试验结果分析

目的分析兰州地区可疑化妆品变应性接触性皮炎患者主要诱因,指导患者有效预防致敏物质从而减少皮炎的发生概率。方法回顾性分析兰州军区总医院皮肤科门诊2016年12月—2017年11月疑似化妆品接触性皮炎用标准变应原试剂盒行斑贴试验的120例患者。结果总阳性率为71.66%,阳性率前5位分别为氯化镍、硫酸镍、对苯二胺、氯化钴和重铬酸钾,不同性别之间阳性率比较差异无统计学意义、不同年龄之间阳性率比较差异有统计学意义。结论兰州地区化妆品变应性接触性皮炎患者以青中年组为主,化妆品中的金属盐类、防腐剂类以及对苯二胺是引起兰州地区化妆品接触性皮炎的主要原因。     

深圳地区电子行业职业性接触性皮炎变应原检测及干预分析

目的:了解深圳地区电子行业职业性接触性皮炎(OCD)行干预措施前后发病率的变化情况。方法:选用瑞敏斑贴试剂对260例电子行业OCD患者进行斑贴试验检测,统计分析发病率和斑贴试验阳性率。同时结合工作场所职业危害因素检测结果,采取职业防护干预措施,半年后进行检测,与干预前发病率进行比较。结果:干预前深圳电子行业OCD发病率8.10%,变应原检测阳性率66.15%,干预后OCD发病率4.55%,与干预前比较具有统计学差异(2=34.17,P<0.01)。结论:通过对斑贴试验变应原的阳性物质进行综合分析,针对性进行职业防护和治疗,避免和控制与这些物质的接触,可有效降低OCD发病率。     

用曲泰斯贴剂检测变应性接触性皮炎

目的 观察曲泰斯斑贴试剂在我国应用的可行性。方法 对100例皮肤病门诊患者用曲泰斯贴剂进行斑贴试验研究。其中确诊变应性接触性皮炎患者21例，非变应性接触性皮炎患者19例，可疑变应性接触性皮炎60例。结果 确诊变应性接触性皮炎组获与临床符合的阳性结果19例；非变应性接触性皮炎组阳性4例，均与临床无关。斑贴试验的灵敏度为90.5%，特异度78.9%，准确性85.0%，除轻度瘙痒外，未见不良反应。结论 曲泰斯贴剂在我国检测变应性接触性皮炎安全有效。     

疑似面部化妆品变应性接触性皮炎58例斑贴试验

目的调查化妆品相关变应原,为疑诊化妆品变应性接触性皮炎的患者进行临床治疗指导及预防。方法对来自本科门诊的58例疑诊化妆品接触性皮炎患者进行化妆品系列变应原斑贴试验,部分患者同时进行欧洲标准系列变应原斑贴试验,按国际接触性皮炎研究组推荐标准判读结果。结果 58例患者中,化妆品系列斑贴试验阳性率58.62%,最常见的化妆品变应原为卡松CG(31.03%)及甲基异噻唑啉酮(29.31%),在所有的阳性反应中,防腐剂类变应原所占比例最高,为77.59%;欧洲标准系列的化妆品相关变应原中阳性率最高的为卡松CG(21.62%),标准系列中化妆品相关变应原与化妆品系列变应原阳性结果呈中等一致性。结论防腐剂类是化妆品变应性接触性皮炎患者最主要的过敏原。     

Detection of occupational allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) is an important medical and occupational health problem. If undiagnosed, the disease may persist and even spread widely, resulting in severe and permanent disability to the worker, who may be deprived of his legal right to compensation. OACD is not uncommon in China, although many dermatologists fail to establish the connection between disease and working conditions, because they think that the diagnosis of OACD is the work of occupational medicine and that special diagnostic methods are required. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Labour and Social Security of China have issued a new law recently to emphasize the prevention and treatment of occupational disease. It requires physicians to make an accurate diagnosis and report of occupation-related diseases. In this study, we have successfully investigated 14 cases of OACD in our hospital by patch testing the patients with a standard series of allergens and investigating by questionnaire the suspected offending occupational allergens. During a 2-year period (2001-2003), 14 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were investigated and confirmed as having OACD. OACD may develop in many different occupations. In this study, nickel, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrance mix, black rubber mix, colophonium, epoxy resin and thiuram mix were identified by patch testing as the main offending allergens in such patients. These results indicate that patch testing plays a vital role in the diagnosis and identification of occupational allergens, and our study shows that OACD can often be diagnosed by patch testing patients with a standard series. The clinician should be alert to recognize the offending allergens of OACD by referring to patch testing all patients with clinically suspected contact dermatitis, and then educating the sensitized worker in how to avoid further exposure to the causative allergens.     

Eyeglass allergic contact dermatitis

A literature review is presented of allergic contact dermatitis from eyeglasses. Causes are grouped into metals, plastics, plasticizers, solvents, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, dyes, and waxes. Plasticizers and UV stabilizers are currently the most common allergens.     

Bronopol allergic contact dermatitis

Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol) is an antimicrobial compound widely used as a preservative, primarily in cosmetic formulations. Analysis of patch tests performed on our patients revealed an incidence of 12.5% relevant positive results to 0.5% and/or 0.25% bronopol. This result reflects a history of prolonged use of bronopol-containing lubricants in our referral population of patients with different types of severe, extensive dermatitis. Contact sensitization to bronopol in this population is probably facilitated by abnormal cutaneous barrier function. Our findings emphasize the need for further clinical study of the potential for bronopol to produce contact sensitivity, and suggest caution with regard to its use in patients with dermatitis.