Coronary to pulmonary artery fistula associated with significant coronary atherosclerosis and severe aortic valve stenosis: A Case Report

Coronary artery fistulas are anomalous connections between one or two coronary arteries with either a cardiac chamber or any major blood vessels (coronary sinus, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins and pulmonary artery). It is rarely reported, occurring only in 0.1%-0.2% of patients who undergo coronary angiography. We report a very rare case where myocardial ischaemia may have resulted from the presence of coronary artery fistula, significant coronary artery stenosis and severe aortic valve stenosis. Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe aortic stenosis, while coronary angiography showed a tortuous coronary artery fistula originating from the proximal left anterior descending artery, with a single opening in the main pulmonary artery. Angiography also showed significant stenosis in the middle of the left anterior descending artery. Coronary artery fistula with concomitant significant coronary atherosclerosis and severe aortic stenosis requires optimal therapeutic planning.     

64排容积CT对成人冠状动脉起源异常的诊断价值

 目的 探讨64排容积CT对成人冠状动脉起源异常的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析3 030例成人冠状动脉CTA检查资料. 结果 3 030例冠脉CTA中,检查出冠状动脉起源异常70例,检出率为2.3%,其中冠状动脉起源于对侧冠状窦及窦外27例(38.5%);冠状动脉高位开口23例(32.8%);前降支、回旋支均开口于左冠状窦17例(24.3%);单一冠脉2例(均为单一左冠,其中1例合并左主干高开口,2.8%),回旋支开口于对角支及窦房结支开口于右冠状窦各1例(1.4%).结论 64排容积CT诊断冠状动脉起源异常是一种无创、安全、准确、经济的检查方法 .     

Transcatheter Embolization of a Coronary Fistula Originating from the Left Anterior Descending Artery by Using N-Butyl 2-Cyanoacrylate

In this report, we describe a successful percutaneous transcatheter n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate embolization of a coronary fistula originating from the left anterior descending artery in an adolescent with unexpected recurrent attacks of myocardial ischemia.     

Duplicated right coronary artery: multidetector CT angiographic findings

Multidetector CT is becoming an alternative method for the diagnosis of coronary artery anomalies. We present the multidetector coronary CT angiography findings from a patient with right coronary artery duplication. Two separate right coronary arteries originating from the right aortic sinus were observed. Their anatomical course was well depicted, and atherosclerosis was excluded based on the CT angiography findings.     

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. Use of thallium perfusion scans in the evaluation of successful revascularization.

Thallium imaging was performed on a 2-month-old infant with a left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. Imaging was performed before and after corrective surgery, which involved creating a new left coronary osteum from the ascending aorta. The radionuclide study documented successful revascularization postoperatively.     

An aneurysmal left circumflex artery-to-right atrium fistula in a patient with ischemic symptoms: accurate diagnosis with dual-source CT angiography

In this report, we present a 55-year-old female patient with a left circumflex artery-to-right atrial fistula associated with a huge saccular aneurysm. She had undergone conventional angiography due to ischemic symptoms. In conventional angiography, a very dilated and tortuous vessel originating from the circumflex artery and continuous with a huge saccular aneurysm was visualized but the drainage site could not be demonstrated. With dual-source CT coronary angiography, the exact anatomy of this fistula was demonstrated and surgery was planned.     

Anomalous origin of right coronary artery: diagnosis and dynamic evaluation with multidetector computed tomography

16 slice multidetector CT findings of an anomalous right coronary artery originating from the left sinus of Valsalva are presented. Multidetector CT depicted the malignant coronary anomaly in great anatomic detail as well as enabled dynamic evaluation through the cardiac cycle, documenting a substantial reduction in arterial diameter during peak systole. This case illustrates the full capabilities of multidetector cardiac CT in the evaluation of coronary artery pathology.     

Angiographic demonstration of tumor vascularity in left atrial myxoma: A case report

We describe a 63-year-old woman with a large sessile left atrial myxoma and coexisting mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation. The diagnosis of a left atrial tumor was confirmed by echocardiography and coronary angiography. This case reveals the rare finding of tumor vascularity originating from both the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery.     

Detection,visualization and evaluation of anomalous coronary anatomy on 16-slice multidetector-row CT

Early identification and evaluation of relatively frequent anomalous coronary anatomy is quite relevant because of the occurrence of sudden cardiac death or related symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Selective coronary angiography (CAG) is invasive, expensive and cannot always provide the required information adequately. Recently, non-invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) have been shown to provide a good anatomical view of the coronary artery tree. This study aims to demonstrate the value of 16-MDCT for evaluation of anomalous coronary anatomy. In 13 patients scanned using 16-MDCT, six different coronary anomalies were diagnosed [two absent left main, one single vessel left coronary artery (LCA), three LCA originating from the right (two with interarterial course), six right coronary artery originating from the left, one double left anterior descending (LAD)]. Mean diagnostic quality, recorded by two observers using a 5-point scale (1= non-diagnostic to 5= excellent diagnostic quality), resulted in a mean score of 3.73 (SD 1.19) without any non-diagnostic result. MDCT offers an accurate diagnostic modality to visualize the origin and course of anomalous coronary arteries by a three-dimensional display of anatomy. Shortcomings in CAG can be overcome by the use of contrast-enhanced MDCT.     

CT features of pulmonary artery sarcoma: critical aid to a challenging diagnosis

Pulmonary artery sarcoma is an uncommon and highly malignant neoplasm that presents a diagnostic challenge to radiologists due to its tendency to mimic the more common condition of pulmonary thromboembolism. Presented in this case report is a patient with pulmonary artery sarcoma who was initially diagnosed with saddle pulmonary embolism based upon computed tomography (CT) findings. The case emphasizes the importance of including pulmonary artery sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of a large filling defect in the pulmonary arteries when specific CT findings are identified in the appropriate clinical setting.     

冠状动脉瘘的双源CT诊断

目的:探讨双源CT(DSCT)冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉瘘的诊断价值.方法:对1000例患者行DSCT冠状动脉增强扫描,分析其断层图像,结合最大密度投影(MIP)、曲面重组(CPR)、多平面重组(MPR)和容积再现(VR)等方法观察冠状动脉的走行及心内外机构.结果:11例患者有冠状动脉瘘,其中右冠状动脉主干-肺动脉瘘5例,...     

Coronary Events and Anatomy After Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries: Detection by 16-Row Multislice Computed Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) angiography as a noninvasive method for detecting ostial, proximal, and middle segment coronary stenosis or occlusion and anatomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries who had undergone arterial switch operation (ASO). Sixteen-detector-row MSCT angiography was performed in 16 patients treated with ASO for transposition of the great arteries. The median age was 10.3 years (range, 6.2–16.3 years). Sixteen-detector-row MSCT angiography was performed in 16 patients who had undergone ASO. CT imaging was performed in the craniocaudal direction from 2 cm above the carina up to the heart basis. Noninvasive assessment of coronary artery stenosis and anatomy were investigated by MSCT angiography. Two patients were excluded from the study because of artifacts. Of 14 evaluated patients, 1 patient had ostial stenosis (7.1%). A coronary artery anatomy variant was present in six patients: left main artery (LMA) and right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the right sinus as a single orifice (n = 2); left circumflex artery (LCX) originating from the RCA (n = 1); LMA and RCA, after branching to the LCX, originating separately from the right sinus (n = 1); and LMA (n = 1) and left anterior descending artery (LADA; n = 1) originating directly from the right sinus. Intramural bridging in the LAD (n = 2) was detected. Five patients were normal. In conclusion, MSCT angiography, as a noninvasive, feasible technique for assessing coronary stenosis or occlusion and anatomy, can be used in the follow-up of patients who have undergone ASO. This study was accepted as a poster presentation at ESPR 2008.     

Ruptured aneurysm of the anomalous cerebellar artery originating from internal carotid artery presenting with carotid cavernous fistula: a case report

We report a case of a ruptured aneurysm of the anomalous cerebellar artery originating from internal carotid artery presenting with a carotid cavernous fistula (CCF). An initial angiogram showed the typical appearance of a CCF with a direct fistulous tract with focal aneurysmal dilation from the ascending cavernous segment of the right internal carotid artery. A postembolization angiogram of the right internal carotid disclosed the anomalous cerebellar artery originating from the fistula point of the internal carotid artery.     

左冠状动脉异常起源于肺动脉的影像学诊断

目的评价影像学对左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析1995至2004年的3例经手术治疗患者,全部行心血管造影及彩色多普勒超声心动图检查,2例行MRA检查。结果心血管造影（逆行主动脉造影2例,选择性右冠状动脉造影1例）均显示良好,并明确诊断。彩色多普勒超声心动图,1例明确诊断,2例误诊为右冠状动脉-右心室瘘。MRA1例显示良好,另1例未能清晰显示。结论左冠状动脉起源于肺动脉罕见,心血管造影仍然是诊断的金标准,但MRA及彩色多普勒超声心动图是有用的非创伤性的诊断方法。     

Malignant transformation of retroperitoneal inflammatory pseudotumor to undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma on FDG PET/CT

We report FDG PET/CT appearance of malignant transformation of retroperitoneal inflammatory pseudotumor to pleomorphic sarcoma in a 78-year-old woman. The patient was diagnosed with left retroperitoneal pseudotumor in 2007. She subsequently suffered from recurrent disease and chronic osteomyelitis in the L5 vertebral body in July 2008, status post surgical excision. In November 2009, after the patient developed left groin pain, MRI study of lumbosacral spine and whole-body PET/CT study demonstrated 2 hypermetabolic soft-tissue masses originating from the L5 surgical bed. These masses were subsequently resected and were consistent with pleomorphic sarcoma. Malignant transformation of retroperitoneal pseudotumor to pleomorphic sarcoma is extremely rare.     

Anomalous origin of a posterior descending artery from the right pulmonary artery: report of a rare case diagnosed by multidetector computed tomography angiography

The case of a mildly symptomatic 43-year-old man with evidence of reversible inferior wall ischemia by radioisotope stress testing is described. Invasive catheterization showed abnormal connections between the coronary arteries and the pulmonary circulation. Multidetector computed tomography elucidated the previously undescribed finding of a posterior descending artery originating from the right pulmonary artery.     

CT,MRI, and FDG-PET imaging findings of low-grade extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma arising from the mesentery: A case report

Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare uterine mesenchymal neoplasm, and extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma is even rarer, with a limited number of case reports. In the present report, we present a case of low-grade extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma originating from the mesentery in a 49-year-old woman, without endometrial stromal sarcoma in the uterus or evidence of endometriosis. The tumor was diagnosed using recombination of the JAZF1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a 13 cm, primarily polycystic, mass containing a contrast-enhancing solid component with restricted diffusion and mild 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. A large cystic component may be a characteristic feature of extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma, given the low pressure from the surrounding tissues.     

Malignant right coronary artery anomaly simulated by motion artifacts on MDCT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of anomalous right coronary artery imitation due to motion artifacts in MDCT. Routine chest MDCT for reasons other than cardiac or vascular imaging is usually performed using breath-hold technique but without retrospective ECG gating and consequently yields pulsating motion artifacts. A possible artifact in front of the aortic root imitates an anomalous right coronary artery originating from the left posterior sinus. This course of the right coronary artery is considered a malignant variant and raises the question of far-reaching consequences such as a bypass operation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study involving 355 patients undergoing routine chest CT examinations. To determine the prevalence of anomalous right coronary artery imitation caused by this motion artifact, all images were evaluated prospectively by an experienced radiologist. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (5.9%) were suspected of having a malignant variant of the right coronary artery. However, in all patients prior chest CT or additional coronary MR angiography showed a normal origin of the right coronary artery. CONCLUSION: Routine chest MDCT without retrospective ECG gating may produce artifacts around the aorta simulating a malignant variant of the right coronary artery. Considering the low incidence of this malignant interarterial variant, the need for routine chest CT examinations combined with ECG gating and further workup can be disputed from an economic point of view. This artifact should be known to avoid unnecessary further examinations.     

左冠状动脉瘘的影像诊断与介入治疗

目的 :探讨左冠状动脉瘘的影像诊断和介入治疗价值。方法 :2 7例均行X线平片和彩色多普勒检查 ;行升主动脉造影者 4例 ,选择性冠状动脉造影者 2 3例 ;3例行介入治疗 ,16例于体外循环下行冠状动脉瘘修复术。结果 :5例X线平片和 15例彩色多普勒检查基本上能提示诊断 ,血管造影均能明确诊断 ,血管造影显示左冠状动脉瘘通过左前降支和左回旋支形成较粗大的瘘口者 16例 (5 9.3% ) ,左冠状动脉细小分支瘘者 11例 (40 .7% ) ,其中发生于左冠状动脉前降支的细小分支者 6例、发生于左回旋支的细小分支者 4例、同时源于左前降支和左回旋支的细小分支者 1例。在这 2 7例中 ,瘘入右心室 13例 (48.2 % ) ,瘘入肺动脉者 7例 (2 5 .9% ) ,瘘入左心室 5例 (18.3% ) ,瘘入左房者 2例 (7.4 % )。 3例患者行介入治疗 ,经 6个月随访观察 ,未见异常改变。结论 :选择性冠状动脉造影是诊断冠状动脉瘘的最佳方法 ,在治疗方面目前除手术治疗外 ,介入治疗亦是一种较好的手段