体外共培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞对肝星状细胞增殖的影响：Cyclin D1与P27表达调控****

背景：在肝纤维化发生发展过程中,肝星状细胞起着关键作用。研究证实骨髓间充质干细胞移植可作为治疗肝纤维化的方法,但其逆转肝纤维化的机制不明。 目的：探讨体外共培养条件下,大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞对肝星状细胞增殖的调控机制。 方法：实验组在半透膜上接种大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,在6孔塑料培养板上接种肝星状细胞,建立上下双层细胞共培养体系;对照组将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞更换为成纤维细胞;空白组仅行肝星状细胞单独培养。WST-8法检测肝星状细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,RT-PCR检测肝星状细胞CyclinD1和P27 mRNA的表达,Western blot检测肝星状细胞CyclinD1和P27蛋白的表达。 结果与结论：与空白组、对照组比较,实验组共培养24,48,72 h肝星状细胞生长抑制率均显著升高(P < 0.01);共培养72 h G0/G1期细胞显著增加(P < 0.01),S期细胞显著减少(P < 0.01),可阻滞肝星状细胞由G0/G1期向S期转换。共培养24 h,实验组CyclinD1 mRNA及蛋白表达开始下调,至72 h时表达量显著低于对照组、空白组(P < 0.01);共培养全过程中各组p27 mRNA的表达无明显差异(P > 0.05),共培养24 h时实验组p27蛋白表达较对照组、空白组均显著上调(P < 0.01)。结果证实大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞能够抑制肝星状细胞的增殖,其机制可能是通过下调CyclinD1表达、上调P27蛋白表达,使细胞周期停滞于G0/G1期实现的。     

miR-451对胶质瘤细胞株A172生物学特征的影响

目的 研究miR-451对胶质瘤细胞株A172生物学特征的影响.方法 合成寡核苷酸miR-451拟似物(miR-451 mimics)转染胶质瘤细胞以上调miR-451的表达,real-time PCR检测转染后miR-451的表达,Western印迹法检测目标蛋白表达,应用流式细胞术、MTT法评价细胞生长和增殖的生物学特征变化.结果 转染miR-451 mimics后,real-time PCR检测提示miR-451表达升高,Western blot结果显示癌基因C-myc表达下降＞63.6%,细胞周期正向调节因子CDK2、CDK4、Cyclin D1和Cyclin E表达下降;细胞周期分析表明miR-451 mimics组进入G0/G1期的细胞数较对照组增多达17.4%,出现G0/G1期阻滞;MTT法分析显示miR-451 mimics组细胞生长受抑.结论 miR-451可以抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞生长和增殖能力,具有抑瘤作用.     

瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞生长与小干扰RNA分子抑制细胞周期蛋白D1表达的影响☆

目的: 细胞周期蛋白是细胞周期调控的决定性因子,RNA干涉是一种高效特异的基因沉默技术,能诱使细胞表现出特定基因缺失表型。通过RNA干扰阻断细胞周期蛋白D1基因表达，观察瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。 方法：实验于2006-07/2007-05在南方医科大学基因工程研究所（BSL-2级）完成。①实验材料：小干扰性RNA设计采用软件是ambion公司的在线软件siRNA target finder，合成采用化学合成法，委托上海吉凯基因有限公司合成，再经过变性退火处理后得到双链小干扰性RNA；瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞标本取自南方医院整形外科瘢痕疙瘩患者（均获得患者或其家属同意）。②实验过程及分组：将瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞应用脂质体法将针对细胞周期蛋白D1基因的小干扰RNA分子转染为实验组，细胞用等量脂质体处理为脂质体组，未处理组作为对照。③实验评估：于转染后24，48，72 h，光学显微镜观察细胞形态变化；流式细胞术分析细胞周期；MTT法检测成纤维细胞的活性并绘制细胞生长曲线。 结果：①转染特异性小干扰RNA后，细胞形态发生了异常改变，细胞由正常的长梭形变为圆形或椭圆形，提示可能是凋亡或坏死细胞。②转染后细胞周期G1期延长，S期缩短。转染特异性小干扰RNA 24，48，72 h后G1期细胞高于未处理组（依次为60.13%，66.22%，67.53%，54.53%）；S期细胞低于未处理组（依次为18.25%，17.11%，11.15%，22.31%），表明细胞阻滞在G1期，进入S期细胞减少。 ③小干扰RNA-细胞周期蛋白D1转染后MTT法检测瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增值明显受到抑制，细胞生长曲线图表明，转染特异性小干扰RNA组细胞生长明显减缓。 结论：特异性小干扰RNA分子能够抑制细胞周期蛋白D1基因的表达，使细胞阻滞于G1期，并诱导细胞凋亡。     

去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠成骨细胞G1期调节蛋白的改变

背景：G1期调节蛋白对调控增殖细胞的增殖周期具有重要作用，目前关于成骨细胞G1期调节蛋白的研究甚少，绝经后骨质疏松与成骨细胞G1期调节蛋白的关系更未被阐明。 目的：观察去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松发病过程中成骨细胞G1期调节蛋白的改变，探讨绝经后骨质疏松症的发病机制。 方法：100只6月龄SD雌性大鼠，随机分成假手术组和模型组各50只，模型组进行双侧卵巢结扎切除术，假手术组除未行卵巢结扎切除外，其余步骤与手术组相同。所有大鼠于术后4，8，12，18，24周分批取材，每批每组各处死10只，取大鼠腰椎。运用免疫组织化学方法检测骨组织中成骨细胞G1期调节蛋白Cyclin D1、CDK4、p21蛋白表达。 结果与结论：Cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白阳性表达主要定位于骨小梁表面的成骨细胞。假手术组有Cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白阳性表达，模型组表达强于假手术组。p21蛋白阳性表达部位与Cyclin D1相似，假手术组和模型组均有明显阳性表达，但模型组的表达维持在较高水平，在各时期均明显高于同期假手术组(P < 0.01)。结果证实，去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠发病过程中，成骨细胞Cyclin D1、CDK4、p21蛋白出现明显高表达。提示成骨细胞增殖加快，同时成骨细胞周期受阻滞亦增多，成骨细胞数量相对不足，骨形成低于骨吸收，导致骨质疏松的发生。     

人外周血内皮祖细胞增殖、凋亡及丙二醛、抗氧化因子合成与波动性高糖的影响**☆

背景：研究表明波动性高血糖较持续性高血糖对血管内皮功能的损害可能更严重。 目的：观察波动性高糖对人外周血内皮祖细胞增殖、凋亡及丙二醛、抗氧化因子合成的影响。 方法：密度梯度离心法获取人外周血单个核细胞。取经培养鉴定后的内皮祖细胞，细胞同化后分别给予5.5 mmol/L，20 mmol/L，5.5/20 mmol/L葡萄糖(5.5，20 mmol/L的葡萄糖培养液每8 h更换1次)及20 mmol/L甘露醇。干预72 h后，MTT法检测内皮祖细胞的增殖情况；流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率；比色法测定培养液中丙二醛水平及超氧化物歧化酶活力。 结果与结论：20 mmol/L和5.5/20 mmol/L葡萄糖作用72 h，内皮祖细胞增殖减少、凋亡率增高(P < 0.01），培养液中丙二醛水平增高、超氧化物歧化酶活力降低(P < 0.01)，均以5.5/20 mmol/L葡萄糖作用最明显(P < 0.01)。说明波动性高糖较恒定性高糖更易抑制内皮祖细胞增殖并促进其凋亡，其机制可能与波动性高糖环境下氧化应激水平增高有关。     

罗格列酮抑制垂体腺瘤GH3细胞及促凋亡作用的研究

目的探讨罗格列酮对GH3细胞增殖的影响及其促细胞凋亡的机制。方法不同浓度罗格列酮作用GH3细胞后,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡,Elisa法分析罗格列酮对生长激素合成的影响,Western blot法分析GH3细胞Cyclin D3、bcl-2和bax的变化。结果罗格列酮作用GH3细胞48 h后,以浓度效应关系抑制GH3细胞增殖、并使细胞增殖周期中G0-G1期阻滞,S期和G2-M期百分率降低;Western blot法示罗格列酮作用GH3细胞提高了Cyclin D3和bax的表达,而bcl-2的表达降低。结论罗格列酮促GH3细胞凋亡并抑制GH分泌,可能成为垂体生长激素腺瘤病人新的治疗方法。     

高压氧治疗对创伤性脑损伤大鼠的神经功能及CyclinD1表达的影响

目的研究高压氧治疗对创伤性脑损伤大鼠的神经功能及细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)表达的影响。方法用随机数字表法将24只成年Sprague Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组、脑创伤组及高压氧治疗组,每组8只。采用自由落体打击法制作中度脑创伤大鼠模型,高压氧治疗组大鼠在脑创伤后给予高压氧治疗,每天1次,连续10 d;假手术组大鼠仅行开颅而不致脑损伤。在伤后第1 d、5 d、10 d对各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损(NSS)评分。在伤后第10 d将大鼠处死,取右侧大脑损伤皮质区组织;采用免疫组织化学法检测Cyclin D1蛋白的表达水平,逆转录聚合酶链式反应(rt-PCR)检测Cyclin D1 mRNA的表达水平。结果脑创伤组大鼠伤后各时间点的NSS评分均明显高于假手术组(均P0.01),而高压氧治疗组大鼠伤后第5 d、10 d的NSS评分明显低于脑创伤组(均P0.05)。免疫组化染色检测显示,Cyclin D1阳性染色产物主要分布于胶质细胞和神经元的胞核。与假手术组比较,脑创伤组的Cyclin D1阳性细胞数明显增多(P0.01);而高压氧治疗组的阳性细胞数比脑创伤组明显减少(P0.01),但仍高于假手术组。脑创伤组的Cyclin D1阳性染色相对光密度值与假手术组比较明显升高,而高压氧治疗组的相对光密度值与脑创伤组比较则明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。脑创伤组的Cyclin D1 mRNA表达水平与假手术组比较明显升高,而高压氧治疗组的Cyclin D1 mRNA表达水平则明显低于脑创伤组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论高压氧治疗能显著促进创伤性脑损伤大鼠的神经功能恢复,并抑制了Cyclin D1的表达。     

GOLPH3对人脑胶质瘤细胞周期及凋亡调节作用的研究

目的探讨GOLPH3(Golgi phosphoprotein 3)对人脑胶质瘤细胞周期及凋亡的影响及调控机制。方法在U251胶质瘤细胞中利用siRNA下调GOLPH3的表达后,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡的变化,RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测细胞周期相关蛋白cyclin D1,p21~(waf1/cip)(p21)和p53在核酸和蛋白水平的变化,同时检测下调GOLPH3对Akt、p Akt蛋白水平的影响。结果 3条GOLPH3 siRNA均能下调GOLPH3的蛋白表达(均P0.05);下调GOLPH3使细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期(P0.05),细胞凋亡率明显增加(P0.05)。同时发现下调GOLPH3使cyclin D1的核酸和蛋白水平降低,p21的核酸和蛋白水平升高而p53的核酸和蛋白水平无明显变化。下调GOLPH3的表达降低p Akt的蛋白水平(P0.05),但对Akt无影响。结论在U251细胞中下调GOLPH3使细胞阻滞在G0/G1期,促进细胞凋亡。下调GOLPH3对细胞周期的调节作用可能是通过抑制PI3K-Akt信号通路,进而下调cyclin D1和上调p21的表达来实现的。     

冬凌草乙素对白血病HL-60细胞的增殖抑制作用

背景：已有研究证明,冬凌草乙素可以通过诱导许多实体肿瘤的细胞凋亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用,目前,冬凌草乙素对白血病HL-60细胞的作用尚未见资料报道。 目的：观察冬凌草乙素对白血病HL-60 细胞的体外增殖抑制作用及其机制。 方法:以不同浓度的冬凌草乙素(10~50 μmol/L)作用于体外培养的HL-60 细胞24,48,72 h,应用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,免疫印迹法检测Caspase-3及其裂解底物多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)表达水平的变化,并对细胞周期调节蛋白P21、P16的表达水平进行检测。 结果与结论：冬凌草乙素可显著抑制细胞的生长及诱导细胞发生凋亡,呈现出明显的量-效与时-效关系。流式细胞术检测结果表明细胞主要被阻滞在G0/G1期,50 μmol/L的冬凌草乙素作用48 h后可以出现典型的亚G1期峰(细胞凋亡峰)。免疫印迹法检测结果显示Mr32 000的Caspse-3酶被活化出现Mr20 000亚单位片段,同时Caspse-3的底物PARP被裂解出现Mr89 000的亚单位片段,免疫印迹法检测结果还显示50 μmol/L的冬凌草乙素作用不同时间后,细胞周期调节蛋白P21及P16的表达水平逐渐升高。结果提示冬凌草乙素在体外对HL-60 细胞具有显著的细胞周期阻滞作用,并诱导细胞发生凋亡,通过上调细胞周期调节蛋白P21及P16的表达水平及激活Caspse-3可能是冬凌草乙素引起HL-60细胞G0/G1阻滞及诱导细胞发生凋亡的重要作用机制之一。     

辛伐他汀对高糖高脂诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的影响

背景：研究表明,他汀类药物能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖与黏附能力,抑制高糖高脂培养下骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡。 目的：观察辛伐他汀对高糖高脂诱导条件下人骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的影响。 方法：将0.001,0.01,0.1,1.0 μmol/L辛伐他汀分别与高糖高脂诱导条件下人骨髓间充质干细胞培养48 h,以正常培养骨髓间充质干细胞及高糖高脂诱导条件下培养的骨髓间充质干细胞为对照。倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,MTT法比较不同浓度辛伐他汀对高糖高脂环境下骨髓间充质干细胞存活率的影响,应用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,加入PI3K/Akt信号转导通路抑制剂LY294002后辛伐他汀对骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡的影响。 结果与结论：与高糖高脂诱导组比较,辛伐他汀0.01,0.1,1.0 µmol/L组骨髓间充质干细胞存活率均升高(P < 0.01),其中辛伐他汀浓度在0.1 μmol/L时骨髓间充质干细胞存活率升高最显著(P < 0.01);同时流式细胞仪检测结果显示,辛伐他汀0.01,0.1,1.0 µmol/L组细胞凋亡率下降(P < 0.01),其中0.1 µmol/L组凋亡率下降最显著(P < 0.01)。0.1 µmol/L辛伐他汀对骨髓间充质干细胞的影响可被LY294002阻断。说明辛伐他汀能抑制高糖高脂诱导条件下骨髓间充质干细胞的凋亡,其机制可能与PI3K/Akt信号途径有关。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。