中医药防治大肠癌复发转移的研究进展

大肠癌是一种发病率较高的恶性肿瘤,临床中多采用多学科综合治疗,包括手术、化疗、放疗以及靶向治疗等.大肠癌的恶性程度较高,容易复发转移.术后放化疗在预防大肠癌复发转移中具有一定效果,但患者耐受性较低.中医学具有多种医疗方法,其与大肠癌根治术联合应用可进一步提高治疗效果,预防大肠癌术后复发转移.基于中医学对大肠癌的认识,积...     

肿瘤的中医研究现状及趋势

中医药治疗肿瘤有2000多年的历史,历史的积淀为中医肿瘤学现代化的进步提供了前提条件,而近数十年中医肿瘤学的创新与发展使得中医药这一珍贵的文化遗产在肿瘤的治疗中焕发了青春.实践证明,中医药在肿瘤治疗中有较好的作用,特别是中西医结合治疗可以明显提高疗效和延长患者的生存时间.目前,中医药在恶性肿瘤的治疗中主要应用在以下几个方面:中药合并放、化疗、靶向治疗的减毒增效作用;晚期肿瘤的中医中药治疗;肿瘤术后应用中药可以减少复发和转移;其他在围手术期和手术后、中医肿瘤康复、肿瘤的预防方面中医药也发挥着不可或缺的作用.不仅如此,在中医肿瘤科学研究方面,近数十年也取得了较大的成就,从20世纪五、六十年代的临床经验总结到七十年代放化疗减毒增效、八十年代的延长晚期患者生存期、九十年代的抗复发转移到现阶段综合方案、诊疗规范的制订和研究.     

中医药对放化疗减毒增效的研究

恶性肿瘤放化疗常出现程度不一的毒副作用,以致影响了它们的治疗效果.中西医结合治疗减轻了癌症患者在放化疗中的近期毒副作用,提高了疗效及生活质量,远期提高癌症患者的生存率、延长了生存时间.实验研究证明中医药防治放化疗毒副作用的科学性越来越强.中医药对放化疗减毒增效作用已形成完整有效的证治体系,中西医结合治疗癌瘤是今后防治肿瘤的重要途径和方法.     

中医药治疗对大肠癌患者生存质量的影响

目的 观察中医药治疗对大肠癌患者生存质量的影响.方法 对90例大肠癌患者进行前瞻性临床研究,90例分为中医组(30例)、中西医组(30例)及西医组(30例),采用癌症治疗功能评价系统大肠癌量表(FACT-C)进行调查分析.结果 三组患者治疗后以中西医结合组总体得分最高,中医组次之,西医组最低,中西医结合组、中医组分别与西医组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).三组生存质量积分均较治疗前增加,中西医组、中医组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).提示中西医结合治疗及中医治疗均能改善患者的总体生存质量.单纯西医治疗治疗前后生存质量比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 中医药对于化疗的毒副作用有一定的拮抗作用,在一定程度上提高了患者的生存质量.     

Her-2 过表达乳腺癌患者术后治疗疗效观察

目前,Her-2过表达乳腺癌的治疗效果欠佳.近年中医药在治疗乳腺癌方面具有积极作用.本组选择Her-2过表达乳腺癌改良根治术后患者,术后给予化疗,辅助中药治疗,观察治疗效果.     

大肠癌病人放化疗的临床护理

目的 做好大肠癌病人放化疗期间的观察与护理,减轻治疗中的副反应,提高病人的生存质量.方法 通过对112例大肠癌病人从心理、饮食、照射野皮肤、造瘘口、骨髓象、化疗时用药及治疗中出现的各种副反应等方面进行护理,帮助病人增强治疗信心,减轻或消除不适.结果 本组病例均顺利完成治疗,获得满意疗效.结论 通过对大肠癌放化疗病人进行的整体护理,提高了病人的生存质量.     

中医药与放化疗治疗晚期肺癌的疗效观察

采用中医药加免疫治疗晚期肺癌 40例 ,与放化疗加免疫治疗、不用中药治疗的晚期肺癌 40例做对照 ,结果表明 ,中医药治疗稳定率较高 ,生存时间较长 ,配合其他疗法是晚期肺癌理想的治疗手段     

原发性肝癌的中医药临床研究进展

中医药是肿瘤综合治疗的重要组成部分,中医药可协助手术、放化疗等取得更好疗效,能够提高患者生活质量、减少术后复发及转移,改善预后。全文就中医药在原发性肝癌中的临床研究进展作一简要综述,并提出目前存在的一些问题。     

热疗辅助放化疗在晚期大肠癌的临床治疗中的应用研究

目的 探讨热疗辅助放化疗对晚期大肠癌疗效的影响.方法 选取106例晚期大肠癌患者为研究对象,分成2组.对照组53例行放化疗,观察组53例在放化疗基础上加用热疗.观察治疗前后2组相关指标的变化情况.结果 对照组有效率为52.83％,观察组有效率为69.81％,观察组显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).2组治疗后NK、CD8+、CD4+较治疗前均显著提高,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后NK、CD8+、CD4+较对照组治疗后提高更加显著,2组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组治疗后CEA、CA199、CA242较治疗前均显著下降,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗后CEA、CA199、CA242较对照组治疗后下降更加显著,2组治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组治疗后躯体、社会、认知、情绪功能较治疗前无明显改善(P＞0.05),观察组治疗后躯体、社会、认知、情绪功能较对照组治疗后提高显著(P＜0.05),2组治疗后躯体、社会、认知、情绪功能等差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 热疗辅助放化疗在治疗晚期大肠癌中的疗效满意.     

中医药与放化疗治疗晚期肺癌的疗效观察

采用中医药加免疫治疗晚期肺癌40例,与放化疗加免疫治疗,不用中药治疗的晚期肺癌40例做对照,结果表明,中医药治疗稳定率较高,生存时间较长,配合其他疗法是晚期肺癌理想的治疗手段。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.