淫羊藿素通过雌激素受体和骨形态发生蛋白信号诱导MC3T3-E1 subclone 14细胞分化

目的: 观察淫羊藿素(ICT)对MC3T3-E1 subclone 14前体成骨细胞株增殖、分化的影响,以及雌激素受体(ER)和骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)信号在分化中的作用。方法: WST-8、BrdU法检测ICT对MC3T3-E1 subclone 14细胞活力和增殖的影响;ICI182780阻断ER受体信号后,检测ICT和noggin对MC3T3-E1 subclone 14细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、I型胶原(Col I)和骨钙素(BGP)的影响;实时荧光PCR检测ICT对BMP-2、4、7 mRNA表达的影响;Western blotting检测ER受体信号阻断后,ICT对Smad1/5/8蛋白磷酸化的影响。结果: ICT(0.1 μmol/L、1 μmol/L)可以提高MC3T3-E1 subclone 14细胞ALP、Col I、BGP和矿化结节数量(P<0.01或P<0.05),表明ICT有促分化的作用,但对细胞活力和增殖指数无明显影响;阻断ER受体信号后,ICT促分化作用明显下降(P<0.01);ICT可以提高BMP-2、4 mRNA的表达(P<0.01),但对BMP-7 mRNA无作用(P>0.01);阻断ER信号后,ICT 促Smad1/5/8磷酸化明显减弱(P<0.01)。进一步阻断BMP/Smad信号可以抑制ICT促分化的作用(P<0.01)。结论: ICT可以通过ER受体激活BMP/Smad信号通路,进而促进MC3T3-E1 subclone 14细胞的分化。     

ERK信号通路在檞皮素促大鼠MSCs成骨分化中的作用

目的:观察细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路在檞皮素(QUE)促进SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)成骨分化过程中的作用。方法:(1)用0.01μmol/L、0.1μmol/L、1μmol/L、10μmol/L和100μmol/LQUE干预MSCs,MTT法检测各浓度QUE对MSCs增殖的影响,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)测定试剂盒检测各浓度QUE对MSCsALP表达的影响;(2)用ERK1/2抑制剂干预后,加入QUE,用ALP测定试剂盒检测ALP的表达,ELISA法检测Ⅰ型胶原(ColⅠ)和骨钙素(BGP)的表达,Westernblotting检测ERK1/2的表达,荧光定量PCR检测转化生长因子β₁(TGF-β₁)mRNA、骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2)mRNA和核心结合因子α1(Cbfα1)mRNA表达。结果:(1)0.1μmol/L、1μmol/L和10μmol/LQUE剂量依赖性地促进MSCsALP的表达,同时能促进MSCs的增殖;(2)与空白组相比,QUE组ALP、BGP和ColⅠ表达均增加(P<0.01),加入ERK1/2抑制剂后,磷酸化的ERK1/2表达减少(P<0.05),同时ALP、BGP和ColⅠ表达降低(P<0.01);(3)与空白组比较,QUE组TGF-β₁mRNA、BMP-2mRNA和Cbfα1mRNA的表达均增加(P<0.05),加入ERK1/2抑制剂后这3个基因的表达都下降(P<0.05)。结论:一定浓度的QUE能促进MSCs的增殖和成骨分化,ERK通路的激活在此过程中起到了重要的作用。     

BMP-2和FGF-2对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的影响

目的:观察骨形成蛋白(BMP-2)和成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF-2)对小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)向成骨细胞分化的影响.方法:取3～18月雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(共50只)的骨髓细胞, 分离贴壁培养后, 用免疫磁珠法纯化, 并鉴定为MSCs后, 再进行贴壁培养24 h后, 分别在成骨细胞诱导培养液中加入100 μg/L BMP-2和0.5 nmol/L FGF-2持续诱导7、 14、 21 d后, 进行碱性磷酸酶染色、碱性磷酸酶活性检测, Vonkossa染色以及茜素红染色, 并用递转录荧光定量PCR法检测向成骨细胞分化的标志性基因(Runx2/cbfa1、 Alp、 collagen-1、 osteocalcin)的表达情况.结果:BMP-2刺激组的ALP活性以及钙化结节明显高于对照组, Runx2/cbfa1, ALP, collage-1, osteocalcin的mRNA呈高表达; FGF-2刺激组的ALP活性以及钙化结节也高于对照组, Runx2/cbfa1、 Alp、 collagen-1、 osteocalcin的mRNA表达量也高于对照组, 但不如BMP-2明显. 结论:BMP-2和 FGF-2在不同程度上促进体外培养的小鼠MSCs向成骨细胞方向分化.     

梓醇调控Hedgehog信号通路促进BMSCs向成骨分化的实验研究

目的观察梓醇对骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)向成骨细胞分化的影响,并从Hedgehog信号角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法体外分离培养BMSCs,并通过流式细胞仪对细胞加以鉴定。pNPP法筛选梓醇最佳促BMSCs骨向分化的浓度,以最佳梓醇浓度干预BMSCs的成骨性分化。后续实验分4组:对照组、梓醇组、经典组和联合组(梓醇组+经典组)。酶标法检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,茜素红染色法检测矿化结节数目,QPCR法检测Shh mRNA、Ihh m RNA水平,Western blot法检测Ptch1、Smo及Gli1蛋白的表达。结果梓醇促BMSCs骨向分化的最佳浓度为1×10-4mol/L;与对照组比较,梓醇组的ALP活性显著增强,矿化结节数目显著升高,Shh mRNA水平显著上升,Ptch1、Smo及Gli1蛋白表达均显著升高(P0.05);与经典组比较,梓醇组的ALP活性、矿化结节数目、Shh m RNA水平、Ptch1、Smo和Gli1蛋白表达均低于经典组(P0.05);各组中Ihh mRNA水平无明显变化。结论梓醇能够促进BMSC向成骨分化,可能与上调Hedgehog信号传导通路相关分子有关。     

前列腺素E2调控骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化最佳浓度及其效应基因

背景：前列腺素E2不仅是参与机体炎症反应的炎性递质,而且在骨组织形成与改建过程中起着非常重要的调节作用,且前列腺素E2在其他干细胞如神经干细胞、胚胎干细胞的增殖分化中,也表现出类似的调节作用。 目的：研究前列腺素E2对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖与骨向分化的影响,检测其促增殖和成骨分化的最佳剂量,筛选出前列腺素E2的效应基因,评价前列腺素E2诱导成骨的作用机制。 方法：提取SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞并鉴定,配制10-2,10-3,10-4 ,10-5,10-6 g/L不同质量浓度的前列腺素E2溶液,分别与第3代骨髓间充质干细胞共培养,空白组为含体积分数10%胎牛血清的L-DMEM。MTT比色法及碱性磷酸酶定量检测,筛选出前列腺素E2促骨髓间充质干细胞增殖及成骨分化的最佳剂量。利用基因芯片筛选出最佳成骨诱导浓度前列腺素E2诱导后14 d的骨髓间充质干细胞与未诱导组的差异表达基因。 结果与结论：不同质量浓度前列腺素E2诱导实验数据进行统计学分析后发现前列腺素E2最佳促骨髓间充质干细胞增殖浓度为1×10-4 g/L,前列腺素E2最佳促骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化浓度为1×10-5 g/L。基因芯片筛选发现Cxcl13、Cd55基因及 PPAR、MAPK信号通路可能与前列腺素E2促骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨分化关系密切。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

柚皮苷在促大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞骨向分化过程中对MAPK信号通路的影响

目的: 研究中药单体柚皮苷(NG)对体外培养的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)向成骨细胞分化过程中MAPK信号通路的影响。方法: 观察在正常、加入p38、ERK和JNK通路抑制剂SB203580、PD98059、SP600125及3种抑制剂全部加入的情况下,各组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(BGP)、I型胶原(Col I)等骨向分化指标的差异。用Western blotting技术检测各组p38、ERK1/2和JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平,用荧光定量PCR技术检测细胞因子转化生长因子β₁(TGF-β₁)、骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2)和核心结合因子α1(Cbfα1) mRNA的表达。结果: (1)10^-7mol/L为本实验中NG的最佳促骨向分化浓度。(2) NG最佳浓度组的ALP和BGP含量比其它各组都高(P<0.05),Col I含量无明显差异(P>0.05);与NG组相比,加入不同抑制剂组的ALP、BGP和ColⅠ表达量出现不同程度的降低。(3)与空白组相比,NG组JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平升高(P<0.05),p38蛋白的磷酸化水平降低(P<0.01),ERK1/2蛋白的磷酸化水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。与NG组相比,加入不同抑制剂组的p38、ERK1/2和JNK蛋白的磷酸化水平有升高也有降低。(4) NG组上调BMP-2的表达(P<0.05),下调Cbfα1的表达(P<0.05),而对TGF-β₁的表达无明显影响(P>0.05)。与NG组相比,加入不同抑制剂组的TGF-β₁、BMP-2和Cbfα1 mRNA表达量出现不同程度的降低。结论: NG主要通过激活MAPK信号通路中ERK通路、JNK通路以及上调BMP-2的表达,促进MSCs的骨向分化。NG上调BMP-2的表达受MAPK通路中p38通路的影响较大。     

IRAK-4对成骨细胞分化BMP-Smad通道的影响

目的　探讨白细胞介素-l受体相关激酶-4对成骨细胞分化过程BMP-Smad通道的影响。 方法　 C2C12细胞是肌卫星细胞,不同培养条件下有不同分化潜能。它可分化为成骨细胞,是研究体外成骨细胞分化的理想模型。C2C12细胞培养于培养板中,随机分为3组,每组加入不同培养物,模拟干细胞向成骨细胞分化过程中受到的不同刺激。检测ALP活性、Smad1 mRNA、P-Smad1蛋白表达,观察不同刺激对成骨细胞分化的影响。 结果　与正常对照组比较,BMP-2组ALP活性明显增加,与BMP-2组比,BMP2+IRAK-4siRNA转染组ALP活性增加,BMP2+IRAK-4siRNA转染组和BMP-2组比Smadl 　mRNA的表达只是轻微增加,P-Smad1蛋白表达明显增加。 结论　BMP-2可增强C2C12细胞成骨化,IRAK-4可抑制C2C12细胞被BMP-2诱导的成骨化,其机制可能是通过减弱BMP-Smad通道中Smad1磷酸化水平实现的。     

葛根素抑制1，25-二羟基维生素D3促破骨细胞骨吸收功能的最佳剂量

背景：近年来国内外学者对葛根素的骨形成研究较多,但对于葛根素抑制1,25-(OH)₂D₃促破骨细胞骨吸收功能尚未见报道。 目的：观察不同浓度葛根素在体外对1,25-(OH)₂D₃促破骨细胞骨吸收功能的抑制作用。 方法：收集3周龄小鼠骨髓细胞并接种到24孔培养板中。实验组培养液为1,25-(OH)₂D₃ +α-MEM完全培养基+不同质量浓度的葛根素,对照组不加葛根素。 结果与结论：不同浓度组葛根素处理的培养体系均诱导出破骨样细胞且形态差异不明显;除100 μg/L葛根素组在第3天时碱性磷酸酶表达显著增高外,各组之间培养液上清中碱性磷酸酶水平无显著性差异(P > 0.05);10 μg/L葛根素组培养液上清Ca2+水平在第3,5,12天时较对照组显著降低(P < 0.05~0.01),50 μg/L葛根素组培养液上清Ca²⁺水平在第12天时较对照组显著降低(P < 0.01),100 μg/L葛根素组培养液上清Ca²⁺水平在所有检测点较10 μg/L葛根素组显著上升(P < 0.05)。提示葛根素最佳抑制剂量在10~50 μg/L之间。     

兔骨髓间质干细胞成软骨分化的诱导及体内研究

目的研究骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)对兔骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)的定向诱导作用,探讨MSCs的成软骨能力。方法分离并培养兔MSCs,BMP-2诱导MSCs向软骨细胞分化,观察其形态学改变及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。将诱导后的MSCs接种于PGA无纺网体外培养2周,将MSCs-PGA无纺网复合体植入裸鼠背部皮下,2个月后取材,进行组织学观察。结果经BMP-2诱导后,MSCs的形态由长梭形向多角形和三角形转化,群体倍增时间约为3.0 d。诱导5、10 d后,ALP活性为0.282±0.015、0.502±0.012,明显高于对照组(0.265±0.010、0.315±0.021)(P<0.01),ALP染色阳性。MSCs-PGA无纺网复合体植入裸鼠后,组织学可见软骨陷窝,陷窝内可见核蓝染的成软骨细胞,证实MSCs具有体内成软骨能力。结论经BMP-2诱导的MSCs向软骨细胞分化和增殖,在裸鼠体内可形成软骨组织。     

人牙周膜细胞在羧甲基壳聚糖和血小板衍生生长因子BB环境中的增殖

背景：羧甲基壳聚糖或血小板衍生生长因子均可促进对体外培养人牙周膜细胞的增殖。 目的：观察羧甲基壳聚糖和血小板衍生生长因子BB联合应用对体外培养人牙周膜细胞增殖和分化能力的影响。 方法：取生长良好的第4或5代人牙周膜细胞,分组培养：对照组(仅含体积分数2%FBS的DMEM培养液)、10 μg/L 血小板衍生生长因子BB组、100 mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+10 μg/L 血小板衍生生长因子BB组、800 mg/L 羧甲基壳聚糖+10 μg/L 血小板衍生生长因子BB组、100 mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖组、800 mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖组。 结果与结论：①MTT检测：与对照组比较,其余各组均能促进人牙周膜细胞增殖,且100 mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖+ 10 μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB、800 mg/L 羧甲基壳聚糖+ 10 μg/L血小板衍生生长因子BB组细胞增殖高于其他组(P < 0.05),100 mg/L 羧甲基壳聚糖+10 μg/L血小板生性生长因子BB促增殖作用最显著(P < 0.05)。②细胞周期检测：与MTT检测结果相符。③碱性磷酸酶活性：与对照组比较,除10 μg/L 血小板衍生生长因子BB组降低外,其余组均增强(P < 0.05)。表明羧甲基壳聚糖和血小板衍生生长因子BB联合应用可促进人牙周膜细胞增殖和骨向分化。     

Astragaloside II induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways

Radix Astragalus has been identified to exert beneficial effects in preventing postmenopausal bone loss. However, the active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragaloside II (AST II), which is a monomer of Astragalus saponin, on the viability, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of rat primary osteoblasts, as well as its relevant molecular mechanism. We found that AST II exhibits a significant induction of proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in primary osteoblasts. AST II stimulates osteoblast differentiation at various stages, from early to late stage of differentiated osteoblasts. Furthermore, induction of differentiation by AST II is associated with increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), activation of Smad1/5/8, ERK1/2 and p38, and increased expression of core-binding factor 1 (Cbfa1)/Runx2. BMP antagonist (Noggin) blocks the effect of AST II on cell differentiation, and Smad1/5/8, p38, Cbfa1 expression, but only partly decreases ERK1/2 activation. This indicates that BMP-2 is essential in AST II-mediated osteoblast differentiation and Smad1/5/8, p38, Cbfa1 activation, and is partly involved in ERK1/2 activation. In conclusion, although in vivo studies are required in the future, as a phyto-saponin of Radix Astragalus, AST II may become a novel candidate that is beneficial for stimulating the osteoblastic activity resulting in bone formation, which has not been recognized and reported previously.     

A comprehensive analysis of the dual roles of BMPs in regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells

Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stromal progenitor cells that can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. Several signaling pathways have been shown to regulate the lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of MSCs. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the 14 types of bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) for their abilities to regulate multilineage specific differentiation of MSCs. We found that most BMPs exhibited distinct abilities to regulate the expression of Runx2, Sox9, MyoD, and PPARgamma2. Further analysis indicated that BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, and BMP-9 effectively induced both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. BMP-induced commitment to osteogenic or adipogenic lineage was shown to be mutually exclusive. Overexpression of Runx2 enhanced BMP-induced osteogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of Runx2 expression diminished BMP-induced bone formation with a decrease in adipocyte accumulation in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of PPARgamma2 not only promoted adipogenic differentiation, but also enhanced osteogenic differentiation upon BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-9 stimulation. Conversely, MSCs with PPARgamma2 knockdown or mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from PPARgamma2(-/-) mice exhibited a marked decrease in adipogenic differentiation, coupled with reduced osteogenic differentiation and diminished mineralization upon BMP-9 stimulation, suggesting that PPARgamma2 may play a role in BMP-induced osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanism behind BMP-regulated lineage divergence during MSC differentiation, as this knowledge could help us to understand the pathogenesis of skeletal diseases and may lead to the development of strategies for regenerative medicine.     

骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化过程中Wnt、骨形态发生蛋白2信号通路相关因子与辛伐他汀的作用

背景：辛伐他汀可促进体外培养的人或鼠骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化,但作用机制尚不清楚。 目的：观察辛伐他汀对大鼠骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化过程中Wnt与骨形态发生蛋白2信号途径中相关因子表达的影响。 方法：取6周龄雌性SD大鼠双侧股骨、胫骨全骨髓进行体外成骨细胞诱导培养。实验分为对照组及SIM组。SIM组加入浓度为10-7 mol/L辛伐他汀,对照组加入等量无水乙醇和PBS。培养14 d,行碱性磷酸酶染色,28 d时,行von Kossa染色观察细胞外基质矿化情况;培养14,21 d,免疫荧光细胞化学染色观察成骨细胞中β-catenin,Smad1/5,Cbfa1的表达及分布。  结果与结论：大鼠骨髓基质干细胞经体外诱导后可分化为具有碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化细胞外基质能力的成熟成骨细胞。辛伐他汀可显著上调骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化过程中碱性磷酸酶的表达。同时,与对照组比较,SIM组β-catenin,Smad1/5,Cbfa1表达明显增多(P < 0.05),且呈现明显的核内聚集趋势。说明辛伐他汀促进骨髓基质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的作用可能与调控Wnt与骨形态发生蛋白2信号通路中相关因子的表达及细胞内分布有关。     

Osteogenesis by human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on silk biomaterials: comparison of adenovirus mediated gene transfer and protein delivery of BMP-2

Bone tissue engineering, gene therapy based on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and silk fibroin biomaterials were combined to study the impact of viral transfection on MSC osteogenic performance in vitro. MSCs were transduced with adenovirus containing a human BMP-2 (Ad-BMP-2) gene at clinically reasonable viral concentrations and cultured for 4 weeks. Controls with nontransfected MSCs, but exposed to exogenous BMP-2 concentrations on an analogous time profile as that secreted by the Ad-BMP-2 group, were compared. Both the Ad-BMP-2 MSC group and the exogenous protein BMP-2 group strongly expressed osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. Cells secreted a matrix that underwent mineralization on the silk fibroin scaffolds, forming clusters of osseous material, as determined by micro-computed tomography. The expression of osteogenic marker proteins and alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the Ad-BMP-2 MSC group than in the exogenous protein BMP-2 group, and no significant differences in mineralization were observed in two of the three MSC sources tested. The results demonstrate that transfection resulted in higher levels of expression of osteogenic marker genes, no change in proliferation rate and did not impact the capacity of the cells to calcify tissues on these protein scaffolds. These findings suggest additional options to control differentiation where exogenous additions of growth factors or morphogens can be replaced with transfected MSCs.     

Growth factors reduce the suppression of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by titanium particles on MSCs

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that growth factors can reduce the suppressive effect of titanium particles on MSCs. Cultured human MSCs at passage 3 were challenged with prepared cpTi particles at a concentration of 500 particles/cell along with one of the following growth factors: TGF-beta(1) (10 ng/mL), FGF-2 (10 ng/mL), IGF-I (100 ng/mL), and BMP-6 (50 ng/mL). After various periods of time, the treatment effects on cellular proliferation, viability, and osteogenic differentiation were measured. All the four growth factors positively promoted cell proliferation and viability to a varying extent. FGF-2 most effectively enhanced cell proliferation, whereas IGF-I was the most effective growth factor for enhancing cell viability. FGF-2, IGF-I, and BMP-6 reversed the titanium-mediated suppression of osteogenic differentiation, BMP-6 being the most effective one. Various growth factors can mitigate the suppressive effects of titanium particles on MSCs and enhance cell proliferation, viability, and osteogenic differentiation.     

Osteogenic response of human adipose-derived stem cells to BMP-6, VEGF,and combined VEGF plus BMP-6 in vitro

Exogenous addition of three factors—mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)—has proven to be more beneficial than delivery of any single factor for fracture repair in animal models. We studied the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in the presence of VEGF, BMP-6, or VEGF plus BMP-6 to better understand their enhancement of osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. The VEGF plus BMP-6 group demonstrated an additive effect on the enhancement of mineralization and expression of ALP and Msx2 genes. Unlike VEGF or BMP-6 alone, the combination of VEGF and BMP-6 significantly enhanced the expression of COL1A1, osterix, and Dlx5 genes. The data indicate that a cross-talk between VEGF and BMP-6 signaling pathways enhances osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.     

FGF-4 increases in vitro expansion rate of human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit limited in vitro growth. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) elicit a variety of biological responses, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. FGF-4 represents one of the FGFs with the highest cell mitogenic activity. We studied the effect of FGF-4 on MSCs growth and pluripotency. MSCs duplication time (Td) was significantly reduced with FGF-4 compared to controls (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.2 days, respectively; p = 0.03) while BMP-2 and SCF-1 did not exert a significant growth effect. MSC expression of surface markers, differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages, and baseline expression of cardiomyogenic genes were unaffected by FGF-4. In summary, exogenous FGF-4 increases the rate at which MSC proliferate and has no significant effect on MSC pluripotency.     

骨形态发生蛋白9的成骨效应研究与进展

背景：组织工程人工骨是解决传统植骨骨量不足,新骨形成缓慢的有效途径,而寻找促进细胞增殖和成骨分化的因子和技术是目前研究组织工程骨的关键领域。 目的：全面了解骨形态发生蛋白9的成骨机制、作用及表达纯化的方法,为更好的实现成骨分化因子在临床促进骨形成,解决骨缺损修复奠定基础。 方法：检索PubMed数据库2000-01/2010-12及CNKI数据库2006-01/2010-12收录的骨形态发生蛋白9相关综述和论文报告,并分析其成骨机制、作用及表达纯化的方法几个方面的研究进展。 结果与结论：共纳入骨形态发生蛋白9的相关文献21篇。在骨形态发生蛋白9诱导成骨过程中,经典Wnt信号通路、Hey1、碱性螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白和过氧化物酶增殖体活化受体γ2、激活素受体样激酶1和2、胰岛素生长因子2及类维生素A等机制都起着重要的作用。目前,骨形态发生蛋白9已经在体内外被证实是成骨能力最强的转化生长因子。对骨形态发生蛋白9的研究主要是通过重组腺病毒作为载体,但目前构建的病毒载体会有许多编码蛋白质的基因,其表达产物免疫原性很强,应用上存在安全隐患。有学者将真核质粒作为载体,转染真核细胞中,得到骨形态发生蛋白4。能否用此方法得到骨形态发生蛋白9,从而解决腺病毒应用的安全性问题,为临床治疗骨缺损等提供生物技术支持,还有待进一步的研究证实。