一种新的即时性图像法膳食调查技术和效果评价

目的研制一种新的基于即时性膳食图像的新膳食调查方法,并进行效果评价。方法利用印有背景坐标和外围框线的矩形餐盘纸或台布,要求被调查者独自分餐进食,进餐前用数码照相机或具备拍照功能的智能手机,对放置在餐盘纸(布)上的食物从不同角度进行影像拍摄,进餐结束后再次对剩余食物进行影像记录。将拍摄的膳食影像文件,通过存储介质或远程传送的方式,发送给后方技术平台,由专门人员依据预先建立的相关估量参比食物图谱,对影像图片中的食物进行估重和膳食评价,从而完成膳食调查。给35名二年级大学生提供一餐经严格称重而烹制的膳食,进餐前按照上述方法对食物进行数码影像记录,次日再接受24h膳食回顾调查。研究中,备餐、供餐、24h膳食回顾以及图像法食物估重等环节的工作均由不同的调查者承担,各环节间信息完全隔离。归类汇总各位受试者各类食物和全部食物的供应量和摄入量,计算膳食营养素供应量和摄入量;比较两种调查方法获得数据与食物称量数据之间的差异,计算估重差值(d)和估重差值绝对值(D),再计算估重差率(d%)和绝对估重差率(D%),即估重差值d和估重差值绝对值D相当于实际称量重量的百分比;同时对两种调查方法数据分别与称重数据进行相关性分析,比较两组方法反映实际膳食情况的差异。结果所开展的实验餐膳食共涉及大米、16种蔬菜、5种水果、瘦猪肉、鲅鱼和鸡蛋共24种食物。与24h回顾法数据相比,图像法估重数据与称重数据的相关性更好,图像法数据的分布更集中于线性趋势,与称重数据的差距更小,具有更小的标准差。基于各种食物的图像法估重数据计算的能量、蛋白质、维生素B1、维生素C和钙的摄入量数据,与称重数据的计算结果更接近,而且分布更集中,标准差更小。结论与常规的24h回顾法比,应用新的即时性图像法膳食调查技术进行膳食调查,可以获得与称重数据更接近的食物消费量和营养素摄入量数据。     

即时性图像法膳食调查技术应用于学龄前儿童膳食调查的效果评价

目的对即时性图像法应用于学龄前儿童膳食调查进行效果评价。方法招募60位幼儿园儿童及其家长,为儿童提供食物原料经严格称重后烹制的午餐。进餐前家长从三个角度对食物进行拍摄,同样方法拍摄剩余食物,并将图像文件发送至固定邮箱,次日接受针对儿童的24h膳食回顾调查,膳食估量小组成员对图片中的食物进行估重。得到称量数据、图像法数据和24h回顾法数据,归类汇总三组数据并进行营养计算。结果与24h回顾法数据相比,除水果和带鱼外,图像法数据与称重数据的相关性更好。除畜禽肉类和带鱼外,图像法的数据与称重法更接近。基于图像法数据计算的能量与各营养素的摄入量数据,与称重数据的计算结果更接近。结论与24h回顾法相比,用即时性图像法膳食调查技术对学龄前儿童进行膳食调查,可获得与实际重量更接近的食物消费量数据。     

孕妇膳食摄入量两种评估方法的比较

目的:探讨孕妇孕中期能量与营养素摄入的评估方法,为孕期膳食调查研究方法提供依据。方法:在孕中期同时采用24 h膳食回顾法和连续3天24 h膳食记录法分别记录被调查者调查前一日膳食摄入情况和连续3天24 h所摄取的所有食物名称及数量,计算每人每日食物和营养素摄入量。采用非参数检验法和Spearman相关分析比较两种膳食调查方法调查结果间的差异性和相关性。结果:24 h膳食回顾法获得数据中除蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量被高估外,脂肪及其他营养素摄入量均低于3天×24 h膳食记录法。两种膳食调查方法获得的结果间差异无统计学意义,相关性较差。结论:在总体评估孕妇膳食能量及营养素摄入水平时24 h回顾法和3天×24 h记录法调查结果间是相似的,但在评估个体膳食能量及营养素摄入量及其与健康相关问题时,3天×24 h记录法得出结果可能相对较好。     

食物频率法评估贫血学生膳食铁摄入量的相对效度研究

目的以称重记录法结合24小时回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率法应用于调查贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法分别应用称重记录法结合24小时回顾法和食物频率法对156名10～14岁在校贫血学生进行膳食调查,计算平均每日膳食铁、血红素铁、非血红素铁、抗坏血酸、畜肉/禽肉/鱼肉和蛋类摄入量,采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验、Spearman秩相关分析、交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析评估食物频率法的准确度。结果与参考方法相比,食物频率法高估了贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量,与参考方法调查结果的相关性较低。交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析结果显示,食物频率法不能很好的区分营养素摄入量的不同水平。结论食物频率法应用于调查贫困地区贫血学生的膳食铁及相关营养素摄入量水平的准确性较低。     

食物频率问卷法评估人群膳食营养素摄入量的相对效度研究

目的 以称重记录法结合24 h回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率问卷法(FFQ)应用于调查人群膳食营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法 采用随机抽样的方法在上海市抽取闵行区和金山区居民作为调查对象。使用称重法结合24 h膳食回顾法与食物频率问卷法对调查对象进行膳食调查,并以称重法结合24 h膳食回顾法作为标准,采用t检验,Wilcoxon秩和检验及相关系数检验对食物频率问卷所得数据进行统计分析。结果 FFQ和24 h回顾调查2种方法食用的食物大类相同,获得的谷类、豆类及其制品、蔬菜、十字花科蔬菜、水果、肉禽水产类以及奶及奶制品的每日摄入量有相关性(相关系数0.248~1.000)。FFQ和24 h回顾调查2种方法获得的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、胆固醇每日摄入量均呈显著正相关(相关系数0.209~0.340),其中能量与脂肪无统计学差异;镁、钾、磷、锰、碘、钙与硒每日摄入量呈显著正相关(相关系数0.204~0.419),其中镁、钾、磷、锰、碘元素无统计学差异;维生素B1、B2、C、烟酸每日摄入量均呈显著正相关(相关系数0.170~0.305),其中维生素B1、B2无统计学差异。结论 食物频率问卷可以评估碘元素、十字花科蔬菜、大豆异黄酮以及能量、脂肪、镁、钾、磷、锰、维生素B1和维生素B2摄入量。     

网络膳食评估工具的使用效果

目的评价一种网络膳食评估工具——膳食小助手(eat-right assistant,ERA)的准确性。方法选择上海某公司的育龄期妇女以及在苏州市某镇卫生院进行常规产检的孕妇和带婴幼儿体检的哺乳期妇女为研究对象,对其先后进行膳食小助手和24小时膳食回顾法的连续3日膳食调查。整理膳食小助手调查所得的能量、营养素和各类食物摄入量数据,与24小时膳食回顾法的相应调查结果进行比较。结果共90位妇女完成3天的调查。除水果摄入量外,两种方法所得能量、五种营养素和其他各类食物摄入量差异均无统计学意义。相关系数范围为0.61~0.93(平均0.75),从中度相关到强相关。一致性检验显示两种方法所得结果一致性状况良好。结论该工具准确性良好,有较大的潜力用于推广和应用。     

称重法、回顾法和食物频率法评估人群食物摄入量的比较

目的比较称重法、回顾法和食物频率法在评估人群食物摄入量的差异和相关性。方法2002年中国居民营养与健康调查中同时使用称重法、24 h回顾法和食物频率法进行膳食调查的15-75岁的居民23 198名(男11 107名,女12 091名)。称重法入户称量调查对象全家过去3 d在家吃的所有食物重量;24 h回顾法回顾调查对象过去3 d每天在家及在外所消费的食物的种类和数量;食物频率法调查对象过去1年内所摄入的33类食物及油盐和调味品的摄入频率及摄入量。结果回顾法和称重法调查得出的平均每天食物摄入量比较接近;除水果和饮酒量外,其他食物摄入量与称重法的差异均在10％以内;低估和高估的个体的比例均比较少,60％以上的个体食物摄入量的估计值在称重法的±25％以内;回顾法得出的个体食物摄入量与称重法的结果均呈中高度正相关,相关系数在0．58-0．88之间。食物频率法得出的摄入频率较高的食物与称重法比较接近,米及其制品、面及其制品、其他谷类、豆类、蔬菜、坚果和油的摄入量与称重法的相对差异均在15％以内;食物频率法低估和高估的比例均比较高,一般在称重法的±25％以内的个体不足50％;食物频率法得出的食物摄入量与称重法呈低中度相关,相关系数在0．08-0．76之间。结论以称重法为标准的验证结果支持称重法修正24 h回顾法在群体以及个体中进行食物摄入量的调查。食物频率法可以反映群体及个体的食物摄入情况,尤其对消费频率较高的食物,比较适用研究膳食和健康的关系。     

经济收入水平对中国城乡居民膳食营养素摄入及膳食结构的影响

目的分析家庭人均年收入水平对我国城乡居民膳食营养素摄入状况及膳食结构的影响。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"中的连续3天24小时回顾法的食物数据、家庭食物称重法记录的家庭调味品消费量数据和家庭人均年收入数据,应用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果中国城乡居民平均每标准人蛋白质摄入量、脂肪摄入量、脂肪供能比、动物性食物来源的能量和蛋白质的比例以及某些微量营养素的摄入量均收入增加呈明显的上升趋势。结论家庭经济收入水平是影响我国城乡居民膳食营养素摄入和膳食结构的重要因素。     

即时性图像法在南京市孕妇膳食调查中应用效果评价

目的评价即时性图像法膳食调查技术在城市孕妇人群膳食评估中的有效性和可行性。方法招募61名住院保胎孕妇,为其提供一次经严格称重后烹制的午餐,运用即时性图像法膳食调查技术,评估每位孕妇的膳食量,并与传统24 h回顾法进行比较。其中食物称重、膳食图像估量、24 h膳食回顾调查三个环节工作分别由三组不同的调查员完成,各环节间信息相互隔离。将图像法估计数据和24 h回顾数据分别与膳食称重数据进行相关性分析,并基于不同膳食评估数据计算能量和营养素供应量,比较不同方法所获数据的差异。最后就图像法和称重法进行方法一致性检验,结合问卷调查定性指标综合评价图像法的可行性和研究效率。结果实验餐膳食共涉及粮谷类、蔬菜、豆制品、鱼类、肉类共23种食物。图像法估量数据与实际量的相关性(r=0.778,P<0.05,n=308)比24 h回顾(r=0.413,P<0.05)更好,分布更集中于线性趋势;从两组数据与实际量的差值绝对值分布来看,图像法为17.51±14.27,24 h回顾法为36.20±36.25(P<0.05,n=308),从两种方法计算得到的能量值与实际能量供给的差值绝对值分布看,图像法为77.23±56.02,24h回顾法为172.77±115.18(P<0.05,n=61),图像法与实际能量供给更接近,分布更集中。Bland-Altman检验发现即时性图像法与称重法一致性良好,差值均数和0逼近,绝大数散点都分布在x珋±1.96s内。问卷调查统计结果显示,56名孕妇认为图像法负担更小,耗时更少;58名孕妇表示愿意通过图像法了解自己的膳食状况。结论即时性图像法膳食调查技术在参与调查的城市孕妇中依从性更好,可靠性更高,与称重法一致性良好。     

山东省部分居民膳食摄入状况及变化情况调查

[目的]了解山东省居民食物及营养素摄入状况及变化.[方法]采用整群随机抽样,用称重法和24 h回顾法进行连续3 d膳食摄入调查.[结果]与1992年调查结果对比,10年间我省居民食物及营养素摄入变化明显 ,谷类、薯类、蔬菜和水果的摄入量分别减少了116.7、35.9、79.8和12 g;畜禽肉、水产品、奶制品、食用油的摄入量分别增加了19.6、13.4、32.4和23.3 g. [结论]我省居民膳食结构的变化不尽合理,急需进行营养教育指导居民合理膳食.     

Evaluation of a Novel WeChat Applet for Image-Based Dietary Assessment among Pregnant Women in China

As an important part of antenatal care for pregnant women in China, dietary assessment plays a positive role in maternal and fetal health. Shortcomings in the associated methodologies require improvement. Our purpose was to develop a novel WeChat Applet for image-based dietary assessment (WAIDA) and evaluate its relative validity among pregnant women in China. Data on 251 lunch meals of pregnant women in their second trimester were analyzed. The differences in food weight, energy, and nutrient estimates by the dietary recall or WAIDA method with the weighing method were compared using paired t-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between food weight, energy, and nutrient intake obtained from the recall or WAIDA method and those obtained from the weighing method. The Bland–Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between the recall or WAIDA method and the weighing method for energy and nutrients. Compared with the weighing method, the variation range of food weight, energy and nutrients estimated by the WAIDA method was smaller and more stable than that estimated by the recall method. Compared with the recall method, the correlations suggested a better relationship between the energy and nutrient intakes from the weighing method and those estimated by the WAIDA method (0.752–0.970 vs. 0.480–0.887), which were similar to those of food weight (0.332–0.973 vs. −0.019–0.794). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the mean differences of the energy and nutrients estimated from the recall method were further away from zero relative to the weighing method compared to the WAIDA method and with numerically wider 95% confidence intervals. The spans between the upper and lower 95% limit of agreement (LOAs) of the energy and nutrients obtained by the WAIDA method were narrower than those obtained by the recall method, and the majority of the data points obtained by the WAIDA method lay between the LOAs, closer to the middle horizontal line. Compared with the recall method, the WAIDA method is consistent with the weighing method, close to the real value of dietary data, and expected to be suitable for dietary assessment in antenatal care.     

Comparability of dietary patterns assessed by multiple dietary assessment methods: results from the 1946 British Birth Cohort

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the consistency of dietary patterns assessed through the use of a dietary recall and a 5-day food diary. DESIGN: Participants (n = 2265) of a longitudinal study of health and development completed 48-h dietary recall at interview, followed by a 5-day food diary and with the 24 h immediately preceding the interview analysed separately as a 24-h recall. Mean intakes of foods and nutrients were calculated and dietary patterns were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, using the method of principal components. Paired t-tests and correlation coefficients were used to compare the three dietary assessment methods. RESULTS: Five distinct dietary patterns were identified using the food diary and the 48-h recall but were less consistent on the 24-h recall. Correlations between factor scores on the 48-h recall and the food diary (r = 0.13-0.67) were higher than those between the 24-h recall and food diary (r = -0.01-0.59). The recall methods were effective at ranking subjects according to food and nutrient intakes, with the 48-h recall and food diary showing higher correlations in both males and females. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a 48-h recall effectively characterises dietary patterns in British adults when compared to a food diary and ranks participants appropriately with respect to most nutrients and foods and is superior to a single 24-h recall. These results have implications for longitudinal studies where maximising response rates to repeat dietary assessment tools is essential.     

Relative Validity of MijnEetmeter: A Food Diary App for Self-Monitoring of Dietary Intake

This study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of intake of energy, nutrients and food groups assessed with MijnEetmeter food diary as compared to 24-h dietary recalls, and if this differed between experienced and new users. One hundred men and women aged 18–70 y participated, of whom 47 had prior experience with the tool. Participants kept MijnEetmeter on three days. Trained dietitians called them three times for a 24-h dietary recall interview, once recalling food consumption on the same day as the food recording in MijnEetmeter. Systematic differences and correlations were assessed, and Bland–Altman plots were created; both for 3-day mean intakes and for intakes on the same day. Relative to 24-h dietary recalls, MijnEetmeter underestimated consumption of drinks, added fat, cereal products, and potatoes. Relative underestimation was observed for energy intake (6%) and about half of the nutrients. Experienced MijnEetmeter users underestimated intake the least. For intake of energy and six key nutrients, correlations between 3-day mean intakes were above 0.7 except for sodium intake. In conclusion, MijnEetmeter moderately underestimates intakes of energy and some nutrients and food groups. To improve the self-monitoring of dietary intake, it is recommended that the users record food consumption for several days and that the apps probes for easily forgotten foods and drinks.     

Collection of food and dietary supplement intake data: What We Eat in America-NHANES

This paper describes the collection process for the integrated dietary component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 2002 (entitled What We Eat in America-NHANES), referred to here as the integrated survey. The dietary components of previous NHANES cycles and the Continuing Survey of Food Intake in Individuals (CSFII) are also described. The collection process for foods in the integrated survey consists of an in-person 24-h recall using a computerized 5-step method and a second nonconsecutive 24-h recall via telephone. A food frequency questionnaire is being pilot-tested to provide information on the propensity to consume certain foods. Dietary supplement intakes over the past 30 d are assessed for all persons during the household interview. Other diet-related data are also obtained. Strengths of the integrated survey include information on food and supplement intakes in a representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States that can be linked to anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and disease history information in NHANES. After reviewing the current state of the art on dietary and dietary supplement data collection, discussion groups consisting of members of key stakeholder community concluded that, although the most advanced methods for dietary data collection available are being used, the differences between how information on food and dietary supplement intakes is collected make it challenging to combine data describing nutrients from both sources to obtain estimates of total nutrient intakes. The discussion groups concluded that more research is needed on these issues and provided key recommendations for future efforts in this important area of public health surveillance.     

Estimated nutrient intakes and adequacies in Bangladesh change when newer values for vitamin A,iron and calcium in commonly consumed foods are applied

A food consumption survey was conducted in rural Bangladesh in January–March 1996 using a 24-h food weighing method. Intakes and adequacies of energy, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and calcium were estimated for 81 children (aged 24–71 months) and 182 women (aged 18–45 years) using three sets of food composition tables. The local food composition table was modified with newer values for nutrient contents of foods identified as important for the contribution of vitamin A and iron. Significant differences in estimated dietary intakes and adequacies were found for vitamin A and iron when different sets of food composition values were used. This study shows that up-to-date chemical analyses of foods selected on the basis of a high frequency of consumption and a large contribution of the nutrients in focus is a useful approach in improving the quality of food composition tables, resulting in greater accuracy of estimates of nutrient intakes and adequacies.     

Estimated nutrient intakes and adequacies in Bangladesh change when newer values for vitamin A, iron and calcium in commonly consumed foods are applied

A food consumption survey was conducted in rural Bangladesh in January-March 1996 using a 24-h food weighing method. Intakes and adequacies of energy, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron and calcium were estimated for 81 children (aged 24-71 months) and 182 women (aged 18-45 years) using three sets of food composition tables. The local food composition table was modified with newer values for nutrient contents of foods identified as important for the contribution of vitamin A and iron. Significant differences in estimated dietary intakes and adequacies were found for vitamin A and iron when different sets of food composition values were used. This study shows that up-to-date chemical analyses of foods selected on the basis of a high frequency of consumption and a large contribution of the nutrients in focus is a useful approach in improving the quality of food composition tables, resulting in greater accuracy of estimates of nutrient intakes and adequacies.     

Accuracy of maternal dietary recall for preschool children

We assessed the effects of socioeconomic status and amount of time mother and child were together during the day on the accuracy of the mother's 24-hour recall report of her 3- or 4-year-old child's dietary intake. Accuracy of the mother's report was compared for nutrients and foods with dietary intake recorded by an observer. Neither socioeconomic status nor amount of time mother and child were together were related to any of the nutrient indicators of accuracy. Although socioeconomic status and amount of time mother and child were together were not related to the indicators of food accuracy, only 64.8% agreement was obtained between mothers and observers on foods consumed. Mothers were more likely to underreport (17.7%) than overreport (10.4%) foods. The low mean difference scores for nutrient indicators supported the use of the 24-hour recall method when collecting group data. The substantial disagreement on foods, however, suggests that previous studies assessing agreement on nutrients have overestimated the accuracy of the 24-hour recall method.     

天津城乡居民膳食结构与分析

目的为了解天津居民的膳食结构和制定与之相关的营养卫生政策.方法采用3日称重、24h膳食回顾和食物频率问卷相结合的膳食调查方法,由专业调查员入户进行食品称重,问卷询问和记录.结果天津调查人群的膳食结构中存在着钙、镁、锌、硫胺素、核黄素、纤维素和维生素A等营养素摄入量不足;钠、维生素E等超过参考摄入量;水果、蔬菜和豆制品摄入偏低,油脂和盐摄入过量等问题,农村居民尤为严重.结论应加强营养干预和膳食指南的健康教育,加快制定营养改善相关政策,促进公众形成健康的饮食习惯,提高营养与健康水平.