青海撒拉族人群CYP2C19基因多态性研究

 目的 调查青海撒拉族健康人群中CYP2C19基因型及等位基因的分布特征。方法 采用聚合酶链式反应与限制性内切酶片段长度多态性技术（PCR-RFLP）,对99例健康撒拉族人群CYP2C19基因多态性进行分析。结果 撒拉族人群的CYP2C19*1、CYP2C19*2和CYP2C19*3 3种等位基因的发生频率分别为56.6%、29.8%和13.6%;CYP2C19*1/*1、CYP2C19*1/*2、CYP2C19*1/*3、CYP2C19*2/*2和CYP2C19*2/*3基因型出现频率分别为30.3%、36.4%、16.2%、6.1%和11.1%,CYP2C19*3/*3的纯合子基因型在本试验中未发现。结论 青海撒拉族人群 CYP2C19基因分布明显不同于维族、黎族、傣族、白族、畲族、回族和爱尔兰人,而相似于土族、独龙族、苗族、藏族和汉族。
     

华南地区汉族精神分裂症患者CYP2C19基因多态性及代谢表型分析

目的:探讨华南地区汉族精神分裂症患者CYP2C19基因多态性及代谢表型的分布,并分析性别与CYP2C19基因多态性的关系。方法:以DNA微阵列技术检测1562例精神分裂症患者的CYP2C19基因多态性及代谢表型,用基因计数法计算基因型频率和等位基因频率,同时分析基因多态性发生频率与性别的相关性。结果:6种CYP2C19基因型(CYP2C19~*1/~*1,~*1/~*2,~*1/~*3,~*2/~*2,~*2/~*3,~*3/~*3)频率分别为:38.7%、41.9%、6.5%、9.2%、3.5%、0.3%;快代谢型、中等代谢型、慢代谢型所占比例分别为:38.9%、48.2%、12.9%;不同性别间CYP2C19基因型及代谢表型比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:华南地区汉族精神分裂症患者CYP2C19基因多态性以~*1/~*1及~*1/~*2为主,其分布与性别无关。     

229例急性冠脉综合征氯吡格雷抵抗患者CYP2C19基因多态性与中医证型分布的相关性

目的观察急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗及中医证型分布的相关性。方法 2014年6月—2015年3月采集229例ACS患者的外周血,提取基因组DNA,并进行扩增及测序,分别进行CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗及中医证型分布的相关性分析,基因型频率和等位基因频率采用基因计数法及单样本K-S检验,基因型与中医证型分布的关系行Pearson相关性检验。结果 (1)CYP2C19*2基因多态性分布:CYP2C19*2(A/A,突变纯合子)12例,占总病例数的5.2%;CYP2C19*2(G/A,杂合子)93例,占总病例数的40.6%;CYP2C19*2(G/G,正常纯合子)124例,占总病例数的54.2%。突变等位基因频率为0.255。(2)CYP2C19*3基因多态性分布:CYP2C19*3(A/A)0例;CYP2C19*3(G/A)26例,占总病例数的11.4%;CYP2C19*3(G/G)203例,占总病例数的88.6%。突变等位基因频率为0.056。(3)CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗的相关性:CYP2C19*2基因突变纯合子较杂合子及正常纯合子更易出现氯吡格雷抵抗(R=0.30,P0.01);CYP2C19*3基因杂合子与正常纯合子比较,同样易于出现氯吡格雷抵抗(R=0.34,P0.01)。(4)229例患者中医证型分布如下:心血瘀阻证33例(14.41%),气虚血瘀证51例(22.27%),气滞血瘀证92例(40.18%),痰阻心脉证17例(7.42%),阴寒凝滞证8例(3.49%),气阴两虚证13例(5.68%),心肾阴虚证5例(2.18%),阳气虚衰证10例(4.37%)。(5)CYP2C19*2基因型与中医辨证分型的分布呈显著相关(R=0.26,P0.01),突变纯合子和大多数杂合子患者均辨证为气滞血瘀证。结论 229例ACS患者CYP2C19基因多态性与临床氯吡格雷抵抗关系密切,其发生率与CYP2C19*2、CYP2C19*3基因突变频次相关。血瘀证(气滞血瘀证、气虚血瘀证、心血瘀阻证)为ACS的主要表现证型,且气滞血瘀证型显著高于其余证型。CYP2C19*2基因多态性与中医辨证分型相关,气滞血瘀证患者多数存在CYP2C19*2基因缺陷。     

浙江省汉族与畲族CYP2C19基因多态性研究

 目的 调查浙江省汉族与畲族CYP2C19基因多态性。方法 采用PCR体外扩增CYP2C19的两个多态性位点CYP2C19*2(m1)和CYP2C19*3(m2),m1的PCR扩增产物用Sma I酶切,m2的PCR产物用BamH I酶切,琼脂糖电泳检测。结果 汉族与畲族各种基因型出现频率为:wt／wt:0.412,0.411;wt／ml:0.345,0.387;wt/m2:0.108,0.055;ml／ml:0.081,0.123;ml／m2:0.054,0.018;m2／m2:0.000,0.006。汉族与畲族CYP2C19不同等位基因出现频率:wt:0.639,0.632;ml:0.280,0.325;m2:0.081,0.043。结论 浙江省汉族m2出现频率高于畲族,且差异显著(P<0.05);畲族ml出现频率高于汉族。CYP2C19各种基因型:wt／wt出现频率汉、畲两民族相近;wt／m2,ml／m2基因型汉族大于畲族;wt／ml,ml／ml畲族明显高于汉族。     

细胞色素P450 1A2和2C19基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤的关系

 目的 探讨细胞色素P450 1A2和2C19基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤的相关性。方法 采用1∶1病例对照研究,以抗结核药治疗致肝损伤的结核病患者为病例组,无肝损伤者为对照组,共179对。采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态方法检测CYP1A2基因734C/A和CYP2C19基因681G/A位点基因型。采用SPSS17.0条件Logistic回归进行数据分析。结果 CYP1A2 基因734C/A位点C、A等位基因频率在病例组和对照组频率分别为37.2%、62.8%、和47.2%、52.8%;CYP2C19基因的681G/A位点G、A等位基因频率在病例组和对照组频率分别为59.8%、40.2%和62.8%、37.2%,CYP1A2基因734C/A位点多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤的发生有关(P＜0.05),CA、AA基因型的比值比(odds ratio,OR)分别为1.951和1.916, 而尚不能认为CYP2C19基因681G/A位点多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤发生有关。结论 CYP1A2基因734C/A位点多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤的发生有关,并且携带CA、AA突变基因型的个体是危险人群。     

贵州少数民族CYP2C19基因多态性分布

目的:研究贵州少数民族的细胞色素P450 2C19(CYP2C19)基因多态性分布情况,为临床治疗提供更加可靠的依据。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年12月贵州地区代表性的世居及人数较多的少数民族作为研究对象,从苗族、布依族、侗族、土家族、彝族、回族无亲缘关系的健康人群中各选取100例进行研究,通过血液检测方法,分析入组少数民族人员的CYP2C19基因分型情况。结果:入组的100例土家族人群中快代谢型、中代谢型和慢代谢型的分布频率分别为54.00%、35.00%和11.00%;入组的100例苗族人群的分布频率分别为21.00%、61.00%和18.00%;100例侗人群的分布频率分别为28.00%、37.00%和35.00%;100例彝族人群的分布频率分别为16.00%、48.00%和36.00%;100例布依族人群的分布频率分别为20.00%、54.00%和26.00%;100例回族人群的分布频率分别为25.00%、41.00%和34.00%。结论:贵州地区少数民族中土家族人群CYP2C19基因代谢型中快代谢型占比较高,苗族人群中中代谢型占比显著,相对来说这两个民族对药物的代谢能力较好,其他民族的基因分型也较为显著,在临床用药治疗中应根据地区人群的基因多态性,采取针对性治疗措施。     

供体CYP3A5基因多态性影响肝移植术后FK506的个体化用药

 目的探讨肝移植术后口服免疫抑制剂FK506的剂量及其全血谷浓度的个体差异与供体的肝药酶P450 3A5(CYP3A5)基因多态性的关系。方法观察44例接受肝移植的受体在术后1,2周及1月的FK506服药剂量和全血药物谷浓度,并利用PCR-限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法和DNA直接测序法检测对应供体CYP3A5基因内含子3第6 986位A/G单核苷酸多态性(CYP3A5*3),分析基因多态性与FK506服用剂量及全血谷浓度/剂量比值(C/D)的相关性。结果肝移植术后FK506的口服需药量在个体间存在极大差异,在术后2周及1月,CYP3A5*3/*3基因型患者需要的剂量最小,分别为(0.074±0.042)和(0.084±0.045)mg·kg^-1·d^-1,而C/D比值明显高于*1/*1基因型患者。结论肝移植术后受体FK506服用剂量的个体化差异与供体CYP3A5*1/*3基因多态性密切相关,分析供体CYP3A5*1/*3基因多态性可以为肝移植术后FK506的个体化用药提供可靠的参考指标。     

CYP2C9遗传多态性与华法林剂量和抗凝效果的关系研究

 目的初步探讨入选的中国汉族服华法林患者CYP2C9*2和CYP2C9*3遗传多态性对华法林剂量和抗凝效果的影响。方法收集123名服用华法林的汉族患者血标本,记录服药期间的剂量、INR值及出血情况,PCR-RFLP法检测CYP2C9基因型,将患者按CYP2C9*1纯合体和CYP2C9*3杂合体分为2组,探讨CYP2C9遗传多态性对华法林剂量和抗凝效果的影响。结果CYP2C9*1纯合体组和CYP2C9*3杂合体组华法林稳态剂量(P<0.01)、治疗初始阶段抗凝过量的发生率(P<0.01)、达稳定剂量-效应关系的时间(P<0.01)均有显著差别。CYP2C9*1纯合体组和CYP2C9*3杂合体组华法林治疗初始阶段出血的发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论与CYP2C9*1纯合体组比较,CYP2C9*3杂合体者华法林的日维持剂量明显降低,抗凝过量的发生率明显增加,达稳定剂量-效应关系的时间显著延长,但治疗初始阶段出血的风险并没有增加。CYP2C9突变的筛选可以帮助临床调整华法林剂量,减少不良反应的发生。     

117例急性冠脉综合征病人CYP2C19基因多态性及中医证型分布的研究

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征人群中CYP2C19＊2基因多态性以及中医证型分布情况.方法抽取117例急性冠脉综合征病人的外周血,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行CYP2C19＊2基因多态性以及中医证型分布的研究.结果 117例病人的中CYP2C19＊2基因多态性分布：突变纯合子10例（8.5%）,突变杂合子53例（45.3%）,正常纯合子54例（46.2%）,正常等位基因频率为0.688,突变等位基因频率为0.312.中医证型分布：心血瘀阻证22例（18.8%）,气虚血瘀证60例（51.3%）,气滞血瘀证11例（9.4%）,痰阻心脉证7例（6.0%）,阴寒凝滞证3例（2.6%）,气阴两虚证6例（5.1%）,心肾阴虚证2例（1.7%）,阳气虚衰证6例（5.1%）.结论 117例急性冠脉综合征病人氯吡格雷慢代谢型的发生率为31.2%;气虚血瘀证和心血瘀阻证为主要的证表现,且急性冠脉综合征病人中气虚血瘀证型显著高于其余证型;但各证型间基因分型无明显差异.     

血瘀证和CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗和PCI术预后的关系

目的探讨不同程度血瘀证和CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷抵抗(CR)和经皮冠脉介入(PCI)术预后的关系。方法收集2008年1月—2009年7月连续住院的中国汉族血瘀证冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAHD)患者415例,比较轻重程度不同血瘀证患者CYP2C19*2基因分布情况,不同程度血瘀证、CYP2C19*2(681GA)与实验室CR[LCR,即ADP诱导的最大血小板聚集率(MPA)在氯吡格雷治疗10天后比用药前下降≤10%]之间的关系,并观察择期PCI治疗术后,常规运用氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗随访患者(180例)的MPA抑制率、LCR、再发心血管事件(CVEs)与血瘀证程度和CYP2C19*2基因突变之间的关系,随访7个月(中位数)。结果 (1)重度血瘀证CAHD和PCI患者681GA基因突变人数均多于轻度血瘀证患者(P0.01);(2)氯吡格雷治疗后LCR发生比率为45.06%(187/415),重度血瘀证患者LCR为61.63%(143/232),携带681A等位基因患者LCR为53.24%(115/216);(3)与轻度血瘀证CAHD患者比较,重度血瘀证CAHD患者MPA下降幅度较少(P0.01),LCR比率高(P0.01);(4)与携带CYP2C19681GG基因型CAHD患者比较,氯吡格雷治疗后,携带681A等位基因患者MPA下降幅度较少(P0.01),LCR比率高(P0.01);(5)对180例PCI术后患者随访表明,重度血瘀证和携带CYP2C19681A等位基因PCI患者不仅MPA抑制率低,LCR比率高,而且CVEs再发率高(均P0.01)。调整各项危险因素后,重度血瘀证PCI术后CVEs的危险比轻度血瘀证高(OR:4.01;95%CI:1.79-8.99);携带CYP2C19681A等位基因PCI术后CVEs的危险比GG基因型高(OR:6.89;95%CI:2.97-15.97)。结论重度血瘀证与CYP2C19*2突变不仅与CAHD患者LCR相关,而且增加PCI术后CVEs的危险。     

Inhibitory effects of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by Labisia pumila extracts

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Labisa pumila (LP), popularly known with its local name, Kacip Fatimah, is a well known herb grown in Indochina and Southeast Asia and is traditionally used to regain energy after giving birth in women. The propensity of LP to cause drug–herb interaction via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system has not been investigated.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effects of various LP extracts (aqueous, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane) on cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities.

Materials and methods

Probe substrate-based high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were established for CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 whereas a fluorescence-based enzyme assay was established for CYP2C8. The metabolite formations were examined after incubation of probe substrate with respective CYP isoform in the present or absent of LP extracts. The inhibitory effect of LP was characterized with kinetic parameters IC₅₀ and K_i values.

Results

LP extracts showed differential effect of CYP activities with the order of inhibitory potency as follows: dichloromethane>hexane>ethanol>aqueous. This differential effect was only observed in CYP2C isoforms but not CYP3A4. Both the hexane and DCM extracts exhibited moderate to potent inhibition towards CYP2C activities in different modes including non-competitive, competive and mixed-type. The DCM effect was notably strong for CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 showing K_i values of below 1 μg/ml. The selectivity of LP for CYP2C isoforms rather than CYP3A4 may be attributed to the presence of relatively small, lipophilic yet slightly polar compounds within the LP extracts.

Conclusions

The results of our study revealed that phytoconstituents contained in LP, particularly in hexane and dichloromethane extracts, were able to selectively inhibit CYP2C isoforms. The inactivation was characterized by low K_i values, in particular, in CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. These in vitro data indicate that LB preparations contain constituents that can potently inhibit CYP2C activities and suggest that this herb should be examined for potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions in vivo.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Danshen injection and Xinkeshu tablets on the metabolism of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in rabbits by cocktail probe substrates method. METHODS Sixteen healthy fasted male rabbits were simultaneously given cocktail probe substrates including caffeine, tolbutamide, omeprazole, dextromethorphan and midazolam . The metabolic rates of cocktail probe substrates were determined by LC MS/MS methods at some specific time following the administration. Then the rabbits were randomly assigned to receive either Danshen injection or Xinkeshu tablets. The whole self-control trial was consisted of 3 cycles. The low, middle and high dosage (0.5, 1 and 2 mL??kg^-1) of Danshen injection group would be administrated in 3 cycles in sequence. The low, middle and high dosage (90,180 and 360 mg??kg^-1 ) of Xinkeshu tablets group would be administrated in 3 cycles in sequence. Each cycle includes wall-out period of 7 d followed by administration of the 2 herbal medicines for consecutive 7 d.On the 15th day the cocktail probe substrates were administrated and the metabolic rates were determined. The differences of the metabolic rates between after and before admininstration of the 2 herbal medicines were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS After taking the agents of Danshen injection and Xinkeshu tablets, the metabolic rates of the five cocktail probe substrates had a tendency to decline compared with the before-administration. CONCLUSION The outcome in vivo is in accordance with that in vitro. Danshen injection and Xinkeshu tablets can inhibit the metabolism of five CYPs (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) activities in rabbits. At sometimes precautions are needed to co-administrate either Danshen injection or Xinkeshu tablets forpossible herb-drug interactions.
     

Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 in rats in vivo

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the activities of the drug‐metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 1A2, 2 C9, 2D6 and 3A4 in rats. The activities of CYP1A2, 2 C9, 2D6 and 3A4 were measured using specific probe drugs. After pretreatment for 1 week with PNS or physiological saline (control group), probe drugs caffeine (10 mg/kg; CYP1A2 activity), tolbutamide (15 mg/kg; CYP2C9 activity), metoprolol (20 mg/kg; CYP2D6 activity) and dapsone (10 mg/kg; CYP3A4 activity) were administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection. The blood was then collected at different times for ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) analysis. The data showed that PNS exhibited an induction effect on CYP1A2 by decreasing caffeine C_max (36.3%, p < 0.01) and AUC_0‐∞ (22.77%, p < 0.05) and increasing CL/F (27.03%, p < 0.05) compared with those of the control group. Western blot analysis was used to detect the effect of PNS on the protein level of CYP1A2, and the results showed that PNS could upregulate the protein expression of CYP1A2. However, no significant changes in CYP2C9, 2D6 or 3A4 activities were observed. In conclusion, the results indicate that PNS could induce CYP1A2, which may affect the disposition of medicines primarily dependent on the CYP1A2 pathway. Our work may be the basis of related herb–drug interactions in the clinic. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cocktail探针药物法评价百解胶囊对肝药酶亚型CYP2C19、CYP2E1的影响

目的:研究百解胶囊对大鼠肝药酶CYP2C19、CYP2E1活性的影响,探讨其"解药物毒"作用的机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为4组,即空白对照组、百解胶囊组(2.43g生药/kg)、百解胶囊组(0.27g生药/kg)、苯巴比妥钠组(10.8mg/kg),按上述剂量灌胃给药。以甲硝唑为内标,建立HPLC方法检测Cocktail探针药物奥美拉唑和氯唑沙宗在大鼠体内的代谢情况,评价百解胶囊对肝药酶CYP450的影响。结果:与空白对照组比较,百解胶囊组(2.43g生药/kg)对奥美拉唑的清除率(CL/F)明显增强,曲线下面积(AUC)明显减少,其半衰期(t1/2)亦有减少趋势;百解胶囊组(2.43g生药/kg)和百解胶囊组(0.27g生药/kg)对氯唑沙宗的清除率(CL/F)明显增强,曲线下面积(AUC)明显减少,半衰期(t1/2)明显缩短。结论:百解胶囊对大鼠肝药酶CYP2C19、CYP2E1具有诱导作用,可能是其"解药物毒"作用的机制之一。     

甲基莲心碱对大鼠肝CYP450酶含量及CYP2D1, CYP3A1,CYP2E1 mRNA的影响

目的 :探讨甲基莲心碱对大鼠微粒体混悬液蛋白中细胞色素P450(CYP450)含量,及其对CYP450亚型CYP3A1,CYP2D1,CYP2E1的mRNA表达水平的影响。 方法 :Wistar大鼠48只,随机分成空白组、肝药酶诱导剂组、肝药酶抑制剂组,甲基莲心碱(Nef)低、中、高剂量组。对照组给予1%羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na),诱导剂组地塞米松100 mg ·kg^-1,抑制剂组酮康唑40 mg ·kg^-1,Nef低、中、高剂量组分别为Nef 10,20, 50 mg ·kg^-1 灌胃给药,1日1次,连续6 d。取大鼠的肝制备肝微粒体,测定肝微粒体中的蛋白浓度,用分光光度计对样品进行比色测定CYP450总酶的含量。并采用实时定量反转录——聚合酶链反应(Quantitive real-time RT-PCR)定量分析了大鼠CYP450亚型CYP3A1,CYP2D1,CYP2E1的mRNA表达水平。 结果 :甲基莲心碱在高剂量组的P450含量与空白组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01),提示该药在较大剂量时(20~50 mg ·kg^-1)对CYP450有诱导作用。Nef在高剂量时,分别对CYP3A1和CYP2D1有诱导作用,可显著升高二者的活性(分别为空白组的1.92,2.99倍,P＜0.05);中剂量时对CYP2D1具有诱导作用(为空白组的2.40倍,P＜0.05);Nef在3个剂量下对CYP2E1均无诱导作用。 结论 :Nef在20,50 mg ·kg^-1剂量可增加CYP450总酶活性和CYP2D6 mRNA的表达,在50 mg ·kg^-1剂量可增加CYP3A1 mRNA的表达,提示Nef在较高剂量时可诱导肝药酶加速自身代谢。     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on major adverse cardiac events(MACE) in coronary disease patients receiving clopidogrel treatment, and provide reference for rational use of clopidogrel in clinic. METHODS Coronary disease patients hospitalized in the Vasculocardiology Deparment of our hospital from Apr to Sep 2014 were enrolled, CYP2C19 genotype was detected by pyrosequencing method, and the MACE caused by clopidogrel treatment was studied. RESULTS Among the 174 enrolled cases, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 mutant alleles were observed in 96 patients(55.17%). Compared with patients with wild type, the mutant alleles carriers had higher risk of MACE(47.92% vs 11.54%, P<0.05). Compared with clopidogrel monotherapy, combined antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin lowered the risk of MACE(35.84% vs 62.79%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION It is suggested that CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 mutant alleles carriers receive higher dosage of clopidogrel, or use combined antiplatelet therapy or other antiplatelet drugs.     

何首乌水提物及其主要成分对人肝细胞L02中CYP1A2、CYP2C9和CYP2E1 mRNA表达的影响

目的分析何首乌水提物中主要化学成分及其量,阐明何首乌水提物及其主要成分对人正常肝实质细胞L02中CYP1A2、CYP2C9和CYP2E1 mRNA表达的影响。方法 HPLC测定何首乌水提物中主要化学成分及其质量分数;MTT法确定何首乌水提物及其主要成分对L02细胞活力的影响;实时荧光定量PCR测定L02细胞中CYP1A2、CYP2C9和CYP2E1mRNA表达量。结果何首乌水提物主要含有二苯乙烯苷、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素和大黄素甲醚,各成分在何首乌水提物中的质量分数分别为(1.14±0.03)%、(0.106 9±0.001 6)%、(0.010 8±0.000 9)%、(0.003 55±0.000 19)%;何首乌水提物及其主要成分作用L02细胞24 h,何首乌水提物和大黄素对细胞活力的影响随着药物浓度的增加抑制作用增强,IC50值分别为7.290 mg/m L和0.082 mmol/L,二苯乙烯苷、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄素甲醚在实验浓度范围内对细胞活力的抑制作用不明显;何首乌水提物、大黄素均可明显抑制L02细胞中CYP1A2、CYP2C9、CYP2E1 mRNA的表达;大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷抑制CYP1A2和CYP2C9的mRNA表达;二苯乙烯苷抑制CYP1A2 mRNA表达,但激活CYP2C9mRNA表达;大黄素甲醚浓度依赖性抑制CYP1A2、CYP2C9 mRNA表达,却表现低浓度抑制、高浓度激活CYP2E1 mRNA表达。结论何首乌水提物抑制L02细胞中CYP1A2、CYP2C9和CYP2E1 mRNA表达是其所含各种成分综合作用的结果,何首乌4种主要成分均可抑制CYP1A2 mRNA表达,蒽醌成分是抑制CYP2C9 mRNA表达的主要成分,游离蒽醌是抑制CYP2E1 mRNA表达的主要成分。     

CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4探针间的药动学相互作用

目的 研究茶碱、氯唑沙宗和氨苯砜在大鼠体内的药动学相互作用,以评价3药作为Cocktail探针的可行性.方法 21只大鼠随机均分成3组,分别单独灌胃给予茶碱(30 mg·kg-1)、氯唑沙宗(50 mg·kg-1)和氨苯砜(20mg·kg-1),用HPLC测定各组大鼠的血药浓度;经过14d的清洗期和恢复期后,以相同的给药剂量,3组大鼠均同时灌胃给予3个探针药物,用HPLC法同时测定大鼠体内3个探针底物的血药浓度,DAS2.0软件计算药动学参数.结果 大鼠单独和同时给予茶碱、氯唑沙宗和氨苯砜后,各探针的t1/2、AUC、CL和Cmax等药动学参数在统计学上均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 茶碱、氯唑沙宗和氨苯砜在同时给药时,彼此之间不会发生药动学上的相互作用,可作为Cocktail探针分别用于评价药物对CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP3A4活性的影响.     

The in vitro inhibition of human CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 by tetrahydropalmatine, neferine and berberine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibition potential of the three purified herbal constituents tetrahydropalmatine (Tet), neferine (Nef) and berberine (Ber) towards recombinant human CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 metabolic activities. In vitro incubations were performed with phenacetin, dextromethorphan and testosterone, respectively, as CYP substrates and their metabolites were determined by validated HPLC methods. Positive control inhibitors were run for each CYP in all incubation series. Inhibition was expressed by IC₅₀ values. All herbal constituents demonstrated some, but variable, inhibition potencies towards the investigated CYP enzymes. CYP2D6 was the most sensitive for inhibition and then mainly by Tet and Ber with IC₅₀ values of 3.04 ± 0.26 µm and 7.40 ± 0.36 µm , respectively. CYP3A4 and especially CYP1A2 were inhibited to a much smaller extent by all constituents. Neferine showed the lowest overall interaction potential towards the CYP enzymes investigated. The CYP inhibition potential for the purified constituents could be related to their chemical structures. No clinical significant metabolic interaction seems likely to occur between the CYP enzymes and herbal constituents tested, with a possible exception for the CYP2D6 inhibition by Tet and Ber. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.