急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并慢性闭塞病变的近远期预后分析

目的:评估接受急诊介入治疗（PCI）的ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者同时合并慢性闭塞病变（CTO）时其近远期预后。方法:研究纳入中国急性心肌梗死患者前瞻性注册研究中接受急诊PCI的11 905例STEMI患者,根据造影结果分为合并CTO组和不合并CTO组。收集2组的基线临床资料,并根据基线资料进行1∶3倾向评分...     

慢性闭塞病变合并急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的近远期预后分析

目的:评估慢性闭塞病变（CTO）对接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）患者近远期预后的影响。方法:研究纳入中国急性心肌梗死患者前瞻性注册研究中接受急诊PCI的2 271例急性NSTEMI患者,根据造影结果分为合并CTO组和非合并CTO组,主要研究终点为在院期间和术后2年病死...     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者非梗死相关血管慢性完全闭塞病变治疗对预后的影响

急性ST 段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI) 合并非梗死相关血管慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO) 容易发作心源性休克增 加病死率。目前研究已经证实，STEMI 患者合并多支血管病变的心源性休克患者，迅速接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI) 恢复梗死相关血管(IRA) 血流，是改善预后的重要决定因素。但是对STEMI 合并非梗死相关血管的CTO 病 变如何处理，以及开通CTO 是否会减少心血管事件、减少病死率和心力衰竭发生，目前仍是研究热点。     

合并非梗死相关血管慢性完全闭塞病变对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨合并非梗死相关血管慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的影响及相关危险因素。方法纳入我院2015年3月至2018年6月期间行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的210例老年STEMI患者为研究对象,比较合并非梗死相关血管CTO患者(CTO组,n=30)与非梗死相关血管无CTO患者(无CTO组,n=180)临床资料。随访12个月。采用Cox回归分析影响患者临床预后的相关危险因素。结果 CTO组院内死亡率、术后1年死亡率均明显高于无CTO组(16.67%比6.11%,P=0.03;20.00%比8.39%,P=0.03)。Cox回归分析结果显示:年龄、糖尿病、左心室射血分数降低、心源性休克、左前降支血管梗死是老年STEMI患者院内死亡和术后1年死亡的独立危险因素,合并非梗死相关血管CTO是院内死亡的独立危险因素,肾功能不全、多支血管病变是术后1年死亡的独立危险因素。结论合并非梗死相关血管CTO预示老年STEMI患者PCI术后近期预后不佳或死亡风险增加。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者非梗死相关血管慢性闭塞病变开通对临床预后的影响

目的:探讨接受急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者非梗死相关血管慢性完全闭塞病变(non-IRA-CTO),择期介入开通的临床预后影响。方法:对我院急诊科2010年1月至2014年6月,行急诊PCI的患者进行筛选,符合入组标准的STEMI合并non-IRA-CTO的共115例患者,择期non-IRA-CTO开通组39(33.9%)例患者,未开通组(包括介入失败及未介入手术)76例患者。记录患者一般临床资料、药物使用情况、超声心动图及化验检查结果等,收集并阅读介入治疗光盘及手术记录等资料,电话随访1年内主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生情况,MACE事件包括心源性死亡、再次血运重建、心肌梗死、严重出血及脑卒中。结果:开通组患者术后1个月射血分数较术前显著改善[(53.29±7.24)vs.(57.55±7.89)%,P0.05]。开通组1年内MACE事件发生3例(7.7%),未开通组为30例(39.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.001);其中,开通组无心源性死亡患者,后组为7例(9.2%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);主要MACE事件(47.8%vs.35.8%,P=0.209)及心源性死亡(4.3%vs.11.3%,P=0.430)在介入开通失败组和未行介入开通手术组间无统计学差异。多元Cox回归分析证实,择期CTO开通(HR=0.219,95%CI 0.066~0.731,P0.05)是患者1年无MACE事件的独立预测因素。结论:择期介入开通non-IRA-CTO可以增加接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者术后1个月的射血分数,减少患者1年的MACE事件,改善患者的临床预后。     

伴有冠状动脉完全闭塞的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死研究进展

在心电生理学中,通常认为发生急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）的患者,其罪犯血管没有发生完全闭塞（TOCA）,但在临床实践中,部分通过心电图诊断的NSTEMI患者的冠状动脉造影结果存在冠状动脉完全闭塞。目前,国内并无针对NSTEMI患者伴有TOCA的诊疗建议,使TOCA血管闭塞时间长,心肌损伤时间延长,从而导致未及时解决NSTEMI合并TOCA相关患者的生活质量及长期预后明显较差。本文旨在对伴有TOCA的NSTEMI患者的流行病学、机制原因、风险预后及危险因素的研究进展进行综述。     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并非梗死相关动脉慢性完全闭塞病变介入治疗时机

ST 段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI) 患者急诊经冠状动脉造影(CAG)，结果表明急性STEMI 患者非梗死相关血 管合并慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO) 所占的比例大约为12%~13%。慢性完全闭塞病变行经皮冠状动脉介入(CTOPCI) 长期预后是已知的，但是何时开通STEMI 患者的CTO 血管，目前仍未知。文章通过目前已经发表的研究，讨 论STEMI 合并治疗CTO 最佳时机。     

梗死相关动脉完全闭塞的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的临床特点

目的探讨梗死相关动脉(IRA)完全闭塞的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者的临床特点。方法连续入选症状发作24 h内行急诊冠状动脉造影、且IRA完全闭塞的急性NSTEMI患者42例,IRA位于前降支10例,左回旋支1 8例,右冠状动脉12例和中间支2例。分析IRA位于左回旋支、右冠状动脉和前降支的临床特点。结果与IRA位于非左回旋支系统比较,IRA位于左回旋支侧支循环良好比例少,冠状动脉造影前症状持续发作始终无明显减轻比例更高(P<0.05);IRA位于左回旋支主支血管的近段或中段侧支循环不良比例多(P<0.05)。与IRA位于非右冠状动脉系统比较,IRA位于右冠状动脉的非胸痛症状比例增多(P<0.05)。与IRA位于非前降支系统比较,IRA位于前降支患者T波倒置>0.2 mV比例增多(P<0.01)。结论位于不同部位的IRA完全闭塞的NSTEMI患者存在不同的临床特点;易被常规导联心电图漏诊的左回旋支闭塞,值得关注。     

早期完全血运重建对合并多支血管病变的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的预后影响

目的探讨置入药物洗脱支架的早期完全血运重建策略对合并多支血管病变(MVD)并已接受急诊PCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的预后影响。方法单中心回顾性研究连续纳入2007年1月~2009年6月我院住院的合并MDV并行急诊PCI的STEMI患者318例,根据治疗策略分为2组,对照组192例,仅在急诊PCI时干预罪犯血管;治疗组126例,完成早期完全血运重建。比较2组患者术后12个月和60个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的差异。结果术后12个月,与对照组比较,治疗组MACE发生率及全因死亡率显著降低(7.9%vs16.1%,P=0.033;4.0%vs 10.4%,P=0.037)。术后60个月,对照组和治疗组MACE发生率分别为31.3%与21.4%,无统计学差异(P>0.05);而治疗组全因死亡率及心源性死亡率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(6.3%vs 14.6%,P=0.023;4.8%vs 12.0%,P=0.029)。结论对于接受急诊PCI且合并MDV的STEMI患者,与仅干预罪犯血管比较,早期置入药物洗脱支架的完全血运重建策略是安全的,可能会降低12个月的MACE发生率和全因死亡率,并减少60个月时的全因死亡率和心源性死亡率。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者的临床特征及预后分析

目的探讨合并糖尿病的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial inf arction,STEMI)患者的临床特征,分析行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后12个月内的预后情况。方法按标准入选的375例STEMI患者分为两组,合并糖尿病的STEMI患者140例作为糖尿病组,血糖正常的STEMI患者235例作为血糖正常组。分别对两组患者的临床资料、冠状动脉病变特征、置入支架类型、术后慢血流/无复流发生率、住院期间死亡率、术后12个月内的预后情况进行比较。结果糖尿病组患者年龄[(63.0±12.5)岁比(58.1±13.6)岁,P=0.001]、高血压病(59.3%比37.9%,P0.001)、高脂血症(53.6%比37.4%,P=0.002)、入院时Killip心功能分级≥Ⅲ级(9.3%比3.8%,P=0.030)比例均高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义;糖尿病组患者吸烟率(55.0%比72.8%,P0.001)低于血糖正常组,差异有统计学意义;糖尿病组患者三支血管病变(40.7%比28.9%,P=0.019)、合并左主干病变(13.6%比7.2%,P=0.044)比例及术后慢血流/无复流(12.9%比5.5%,P=0.013)发生率高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义;单支血管病变(27.9%比44.7%,P=0.001)比率低于血糖正常组,差异有统计学意义。糖尿病组患者住院期间的死亡率(6.4%比1.7%,P=0.020)、术后12个月内再次血运重建(7.9%比0.9%,P=0.001)及心力衰竭(7.9%比2.6%,P=0.017)发生率均高于血糖正常组,差异均有统计学意义。结论合并糖尿病的STEMI患者平均年龄较大,入院时Killip心功能分级≥Ⅲ级的比率较高,高血压病、高脂血症、三支血管病变、左主干病变发生率较高,住院期间死亡率较高,术后随访期内心源性死亡率及再发心肌梗死发生率未见明显升高,此类患者可能从早期介入治疗中获益更大。     

Impact of door in-door out time on total ischemia time and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

IntroductionPatients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requiring inter-hospital transfer for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) often have delays in reperfusion. The door in-door out (DIDO) time is recommended to be less than 30 min.ObjectivesTo assess the DIDO time of hospitals that transfer patients with STEMI to a PCI center and to assess its impact on total ischemia time and clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 523 patients with STEMI transferred to a PCI center for primary PCI between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2017.ResultsMedian DIDO time was 82 min (interquartile range, 61–132 min). Only seven patients (1.3%) were transferred in ≤30 min. Patients with DIDO times over 60 min had significantly longer system delays (207.3 min vs. 112.7 min; p<0.001) and total ischemia time (344.2 min vs. 222 min; p<0.001) than patients transferred in ≤60 min. Observed in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients with DIDO times >60 min vs. ≤60 min (5.1% vs. 0%; p=0.006; adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality, 1.27 [95% CI 1.062–1.432]). By the end of follow-up, patients belonging to the >60 min group had a higher mortality (p=0.016), and survival time was significantly shorter (p=0.011).ConclusionA DIDO time ≤30 min was observed in only a small proportion of patients transferred for primary PCI. DIDO times of ≤60 min were associated with shorter delays in reperfusion, lower in-hospital mortality and longer survival times.     

Impact of thrombus aspiration on angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may be limited by thrombus embolization. Export aspiration catheter (EAC) is a thrombectomy device which may enhance angiographic results, but its impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. This trial objective was to assess the impact of EAC on angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI.MethodsAll STEMI patients undergoing primary or rescue PCI in a tertiary care center were included. Patients were divided in two groups according to the use of the EAC. Patients were followed up prospectively for death, reinfarction, revascularization, or stroke. Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow in the culprit vessel was assessed before and after PCI.ResultsIncluded in the analysis were 535 patients. EAC was used in 165 patients before angioplasty (Group 1) and 370 patients underwent PCI without thrombus aspiration (Group 2). More patients in Group 1 had initial TIMI flow 0–1 compared to Group 2 (88% vs. 62%, P<.001). Proportion of patients with a final TIMI flow 3 was the same in both groups (89.1% vs. 87.6% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively; P=.67). An analysis restricted to patients with initial TIMI flow 0–1 yielded similar results. No difference in clinical outcomes was observed between the two groups (P=.70).ConclusionsSelective use of the EAC based on the judgment of operators results in excellent angiographic and clinical results. Further clinical investigation is needed to definitely answer whether thromboaspiration needs to be performed in all STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.     

The impact of anthropomorphic indices on clinical outcomes in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Multiple studies have focused on the relationship of body anthropometric measures with clinical events in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, highlighting the 'obesity paradox'. However, the relative prognostic importance of these measures over other baseline variables is less known. METHOD AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 94,108 STEMI patients from seven clinical trials evaluating various reperfusion strategies to study the relationship and prognostic importance of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA) with 30-day death and in-hospital cardiogenic shock, major bleeding, and stroke. Main outcome measures of interest included 30-day death and in-hospital cardiogenic shock, major bleeding, and stroke. Weight, BMI, and BSA were inversely and independently related to all clinical events. Despite being statistically significant (P<0.0001), the prognostic information contributed by weight beyond that conferred by baseline clinical factors was minimal (<1% of total prognostic information) making it of limited clinical relevance for predicting 30-day death and cardiogenic shock. In contrast, weight accounted for 8.4% and 4.3% of the prognostic information in the logistic regression models for major bleeding and for stroke. BMI or BSA added little incremental value over simple measure of weight. CONCLUSION: Although statistically significantly related to most outcomes in patients with STEMI including death and shock, body weight provided clinically relevant prognostic information only for the risk of major bleeding and of stroke. Furthermore, BMI or BSA contributed little incremental prognostic information beyond that provided by weight alone. Thus, the existing large body of information concerning the strong prognostic importance of anthropometric measures with outcomes after STEMI should be interpreted in the context of other more important risk factors.     

血流储备分数指导下ST段抬高型心肌梗死多支血管病变患者非梗死相关血管分期完全血运重建的临床研究

目的评估血流储备分数(FFR)在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)多支血管病变患者非梗死相关血管(non-IRA)分期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完全血运重建中的临床价值。方法选取陕西中医药大学第二附属医院心血管内科2015年6月至2016年5月已成功行PCI开通梗死相关血管(IRA),拟分期PCI治疗(间隔≥7 d)non-IRA的STEMI多支血管病变患者90例,按随机数字表法分为FFR指导下完全血运重建组(FFR组)45例和冠状动脉造影指导下完全血运重建组(CAG组)45例。FFR组狭窄>90%的non-IRA病变直接行PCI治疗,对狭窄70%~90%的病变行FFR检查,仅对FFR<0.80的non-IRA行PCI治疗;CAG组对狭窄≥70%的non-IRA依据术者经验行PCI治疗,处理的靶血管参照血管直径≥2.5 mm。比较两组PCI时间、支架置入数量、造影剂用量、住院时间、住院费用和围术期并发症,随访患者术后6个月主要不良心脑血管事件发生情况。结果 FFR组支架置入数量[(1.68±0.75)枚比(2.83±0.54)枚,t=7.662,P<0.001]和造影剂用量[(164.8±35.7)ml比(195.0±41.9)ml,t=4.271,P=0.04]均明显少于CAG组;术后随访6个月,FFR组再次血运重建率显著低于CAG组(4.7%比19.5%,P=0.04),两组主要不良心脑血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论 STEMI多支血管病变患者在FFR指导下对non-IRA行分期完全血运重建可减少支架置入数量、造影剂用量及术后6个月再次血运重建率。     

Impact of multivessel coronary disease on long-term mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction is due to the presence of a chronic total occlusion

In acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), patients with multivessel disease (MVD) are considered to be a subgroup with an increased risk of mortality compared with patients with single-vessel disease (SVD). To evaluate the effect of MVD on 1-year mortality in patients with STEMI, we studied 1,417 consecutive patients with STEMI who were admitted between 1997 and 2002 and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Further, we hypothesized that the effect of MVD on mortality is due to the presence of a chronic total occlusion in a noninfarct-related artery. Patients with MVD and/or a chronic total occlusion had multiple differences in baseline and angiographic characteristics that were associated with worse outcome. Mortalities in patients with SVD, MVD, and a chronic total occlusion were 8%, 16%, and 35%, respectively. After correction for the baseline differences, MVD was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.1). However, when chronic total occlusion was included in the model, MVD was no longer an independent predictor for mortality, whereas chronic total occlusion was a strong and independent predictor for 1-year mortality in patients with STEMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 2.5 to 5.8). In conclusion, patients with STEMI and MVD have a higher 1-year mortality rate compared with patients with SVD, which is mainly determined by the presence of a chronic total occlusion in a noninfarct-related artery. In the setting of primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the presence of a chronic total occlusion, and not the mere presence of MVD, is an independent predictor of mortality.     

性别对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的:评价性别对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者院内和长期预后的影响。方法:连续入选793例发病后24h内至北京市19家医院就诊的STEMI患者,中位随访5.7年,根据性别分为两组,比较两组临床特点和院内预后及长期随访情况。结果:与男性相比,女性年龄较大、既往有高血压、糖尿病、心力衰竭病史者较多,吸烟者少,入院时合并肾功能不全、Killip II级以上者比例增高,女性患者舒张压偏低,从症状发作到医院时间较长、接受急诊再灌注治疗比例较低(P<0.05)。院内死亡(10.7%vs.4.1%,P=0.001)、恶性心律失常(14.9%vs.7.9%,P=0.007)、主要心血管事件(MACE)(31.8%vs.22.1%,P=0.01)和6年全因死亡(21.6%比13.8%,P=0.03)均显著增高。多因素分析显示校正年龄后性别不是STEMI患者院内死亡(OR=1.482,95%CI:0.716~3.070,P=0.289)和6年全因死亡(RR=0.948,95%CI:0.465~1.933,P=0.883)的独立危险因素。结论:女性STEMI患者院内和长期随访病死率高与年龄大、危险因素及合并症多、再灌注治疗比例低有关,性别不是影响STEMI患者院内和长期预后的独立危险因素。     

Association of culprit lesion calcium with angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytic therapy

Coronary artery calcium has been associated with a greater extent of angiographically significant coronary artery stenoses, but the angiographic and clinical outcomes associated with culprit lesion calcium (CLC) have not been fully evaluated, particularly in the stetting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that CLC would be associated with adverse angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients who had ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Data were evaluated in 3,292 patients from 6 trials of fibrinolytic therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction; 243 culprit lesions (7.4%) were calcified. CLC was associated with advanced age, history of hypertension, previous coronary artery disease, greater extent of disease, angiographically evident residual thrombus, smaller minimum luminal diameter, and larger percent residual stenosis after fibrinolytic therapy. CLC was associated with lower rates of arterial patency after fibrinolytic therapy (63.3% vs 81.3% p <0.001), lower rates of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow (41.5% vs 57.2%, p <0.001), and higher (slower) Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame counts (52 vs 36 frames, p <0.0001, multivariate p = 0.02). CLC was also associated with increased 30-day mortality rates (6.2% vs 3.4%, p = 0.028) and 30-day rates of death, myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure (16.5% vs 8.9%, p <0.001) and independently associated with 30-day rates of death, myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure (odds ratio 1.6, p = 0.016) after multivariate adjustment for baseline clinical and lesion characteristics, epicardial flow, and performance of rescue/adjunctive percutaneous coronary intervention. In a model restricted to patients who had successful restoration of epicardial patency after fibrinolytic therapy, CLC was independently associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio 2.2, p = 0.045). CLC is independently associated with indexes of poorer epicardial flow and a higher incidence of adverse clinical outcomes after fibrinolytic administration in patients who have ST-elevation myocardial infarction.