两孔法和三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的:比较两孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床疗效,探讨两孔法LC应用的可行性。方法:随机双盲选择2007年1月至2008年12月我院收治的239例患者,由同一位医师连续用两孔法或三孔法施行LC。比较两种术式的手术时间、术后疼痛、术后肛门排气时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症及满意度。结果:所有患者均顺利完成LC,无一例中转开腹。两孔法组1例因粘连较重改行三孔法LC,术后疼痛较轻,满意度较高(P<0.05),其余各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相对于三孔法,两孔法LC同样安全、可靠,并且具有患者术后疼痛轻,腹部美容效果好及满意度高等优点。     

改良两孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效比较

目的:对比改良两孔法与三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效。方法:选择98例接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组49例,观察组行改良两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,对照组行三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术,比较两组手术情况、术后切口疼痛程度、腹壁外观满意程度及生活质量。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量、中转四孔法手术例数及术后肛门排气时间、卧床时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者术后VAS评分低于对照组,术后腹壁美容满意程度优于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:改良两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术可取得与三孔法手术相当的效果,且可减轻术后疼痛程度,提高术后腹壁美容满意程度与生活质量。     

两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术体会

<正>腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)具有患者创伤小、痛苦轻、腹腔干扰小、术后康复快、住院时间短、疗效肯定等优势,发展迅速,已成为胆囊良性疾病外科治疗的金标准,深受患者青睐。LC腹壁切口由经典的四孔法逐步发展至三孔,甚至单孔法。我们在熟练掌握传统四孔法LC的基础上,为20例胆囊良性疾病患者行两孔法LC,效果良好。现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组20例患者中男6例,女14例;24～71     

两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用研究

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(1 aparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)自1991年在我国开展以来,经过近20年的临床实践,该项技术已成为我国技术最成熟的腹腔镜技术,现已成为治疗良性胆囊疾病的“金标准”[1,2].具有创伤小、对机体内环境影响小、术后疼痛轻、恢复正常活动快、美容效果好等优点,国内许多腔镜中心四孔法LC大部分被三孔法LC替代.随着时间的推移,腹腔镜设备逐渐改善,腹腔镜医师技术水平也逐步提高,LC由传统的四孔法到三孔法,再到两孔法,甚至单孔法.2009年我院开始施行两孔法LC,取得满意效果.为比较两孔法LC与三孔法LC的临床效果,我们进行了回顾性对照研究.现报道如下.     

两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术40例体会

目的：探讨两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术在临床上的应用。方法收集2011年3月至2012年3月接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者随访资料,回顾性分析两孔法40例患者,三孔法50例患者资料,对比两组患者的疗效。数据用SPSS20．0进行分析,两组手术时间、术后排气时间、住院时间、下床时间、采用t检验;术后疼痛情况、术后患者满意度、术后并发症采用卡方检验,且以P值小于0．05具有统计学意义。结果90例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者均顺利完成手术且无并发症发生。两孔法手术时间（41±12．3） min比三孔法（48±15．88） min短,差异有统计学意义（t＝2．357, P＝0．036）。两孔法与三孔法术后肛门排气时间（1．2±0．22） d 比（1．9±0．17） d、术后首次下床活动时间（1．2±0．22） d 比（1．9±0．17） d、术后住院天数（3．8±0．85） d 比（5．1±0．71） d,均比三孔法有优势,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。术后疼痛评分为0分者两孔法组有22例（55．0％）,三孔法组仅有13例（26．0％）;疼痛评分介于7～10分之间的患者两孔法组有4例（10．0％）,三孔法组有8例（16．0％）,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（u＝2．552, P＝0．010）。满意度评分两孔法组5分者有14例（35．0％）,三孔法组有8例（16．0％）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（u＝2．428, P＝0．015）。结论两孔法患者较三孔法患者疼痛明显减轻、术后满意度好,值得推广。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

目的探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性。方法2006年4月~2007年4月,对364例急、慢性胆囊良性疾病行三孔法LC。结果均痊愈出院,三孔法LC完成357例,成功率98%。7例因胆囊萎缩、三角区冰冻样变化,致使显露及解剖困难,转为四孔法完成。平均手术时间55min(30~80min)。全组无胆管损伤、胆漏、出血等严重并发症。250例三孔法LC术后随访1~13个月,平均5个月,无胆管狭窄及残余小胆囊,无胆总管残余结石。结论在熟练掌握四孔法LC的基础上,采用正确的手术操作方法,开展三孔法LC是安全、有效、可行的。     

改良两孔法与常规三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的对比研究

目的比较改良两孔法与常规三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的临床疗效。方法将2015-01—2016-12间201例接受LC的患者作为研究对象。观察组100例采用改良两孔法,对照组101例采用常规三孔法。采用回顾性对照研究方法,比较2组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、肛门排气时间、恢复进食时间、术后24 h后疼痛程度、术后住院天数及患者的满意度。结果2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、肛门排气时间、恢复进食时间、术后24 h后疼痛程度及术后住院天数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者的满意度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论改良两孔法与常规三孔法LC的安全性及有效性无明显差异,但改良两孔法患者的满意度高。     

两孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床应用

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）已成为治疗胆囊良性疾病的“金标准”^[1],目前四孔法LC已较为普及,三孔法也见各种报道^[2],2006年1月至2008年4月我院为267例慢性胆囊良性疾病患者行两孔法LC,242例手术获得成功,成功率90．6％,现报道如下。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用

目的:探讨三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析我院为345例结石性胆囊炎和(或)胆囊息肉患者行三孔法LC的临床资料。结果:345例患者中,339例用三孔法顺利完成手术,3例改行四孔法LC,3例中转开腹。均无严重并发症发生。结论:三孔法LC安全可行。     

三孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术106例体会

目的总结三孔法行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）的方法和体会。方法对119例三孔法LC病例进行回顾性分析。经脐部10mm孔、剑突下10mm孔及右上腹5mm孔实施手术。结果106例成功施行三孔法LC，12例中转四孔法LC，1例中转行开腹胆囊切除手术。全组患者均痊愈出院，无并发症发生。结论在四孔法LC操作熟练的基础上选择适当病例开展三孔法LC是安全和可行的，更符合微创和美观的要求，但操作难度较大，对术者要求更高。     

Laparoscopic Splenectomy Coupled with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic surgery performed for coexisting spleen and gallbladder surgical diseases.

Methods:

Between May 2004 and October 2012, 12 patients underwent concomitant laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy. Indications for surgery included idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 5 patients, hereditary spherocytosis in 4 patients, and thalassemia intermedia in 3 patients.

Results:

The mean operative time was 100 minutes (range, 80–160 minutes), and the blood loss ranged from 0 to 150 mL (mean, 50 mL). The mean longitudinal diameter of the spleen was 14 cm. One patient required conversion to open procedure. An accessory spleen was detected and removed in one case. The mean length of hospital stay was 5 days. No deaths or other major intraoperative and/or postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusion:

Provided that the technique is performed by an experienced surgical team, concomitant laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible procedure and may be considered for coexisting spleen and gallbladder diseases.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术与常规腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床疗效比较

目的比较经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与常规LC的的优、缺点。方法回顾性分析2009年11月至2010年11月期间45例行择期胆囊切除患者,分别行经脐单孔LC(经脐LC组,n=20)和常规LC(常规LC组,n=25)。比较2组患者的手术时间、术后3d肝功能评分、术后3d应用止痛药频率、术后首次下床时间、术后住院时间、术中失血量及术后1个月慢性疼痛情况。结果除常规LC组1例由于Mirizzi综合征而中转开腹外,余均顺利完成手术。术后3d内应用止痛药频率和术后住院时间,经脐LC组优于常规LC组(P<0.05);而术后1个月内手术区域慢性疼痛及肝功能评分方面,经脐LC组与常规LC组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);手术时间和术中失血量方面常规LC组优于经脐LC组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论经脐单孔LC具有伤口小、疼痛轻及恢复快的优点。     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Cirrhotics

Background and Objectives:

Due to the concern of risk of intra- and postoperative complications and associated morbidity, cirrhosis of the liver is often considered a contraindication for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This article intends to review the literature and underline the various approaches to dealing with this technically challenging procedure.

Methods:

A Medline search of major articles in the English literature on LC in cirrhotic patients over a 16-y period from 1994 to 2011 was reviewed and the findings analyzed. A total of 1310 cases were identified.

Results:

Most the patients who underwent LC were in Child-Pugh class A, followed by Child-Pugh classes B and C, respectively. The overall conversion rate was 4.58%, and morbidity was 17% and mortality 0.45%. Among the patients who died, most were in Child-Pugh class C, with a small number in classes B and A. The cause of death included, postoperative bleeding, liver failure, sepsis, duodenal perforation, and myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of 400 patients in the literature, comparing outcomes of patients undergoing LC with and without cirrhosis, revealed higher conversion rate, longer operative time, higher bleeding complications, and overall increased morbidity in patients with cirrhosis. Safe LC was facilitated by measures that included the use of ultrasonic shears and other hemostatic measures and using subtotal cholecystectomy in patients with difficult hilum and gallbladder bed.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed in cirrhotic patients, within Child-Pugh classes A and B, with acceptable morbidity and conversion rate.     

Cholecystocholangiography During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of performing cholecystocholangiography through a central venous pressure catheter during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography was attempted during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic calculous cholecystitis in 40 patients, and considered successful if the biliary anatomy was clearly defined. The procedure was evaluated as successful in 36 patients (90%). It added an average 13.5 min to the operating time. A unsuspected common bile duct stone was identified by cholecystocholangiography in one patient and there were no cholangiogram-related complications. We concluded that laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography is a safe, simple, and quick procedure that can be used as an alternative to cystic duct cholangiography to identify the biliary anatomy and detect any common bile duct calculi prior to laparoscopic dissection. Received: May 1, 2000 / Accepted: March 6, 2001     

腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术168例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊次全切除术(laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy,LSC)的可行性和技术特点。方法对168例因各种原因无法完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者转行LSC,方法包括从分离Calot三角开始和从切开Hartmann袋减压、取石开始。结果5例中转开腹行胆囊次全切除术;122例在胆囊管和胆囊动脉夹闭后行胆囊大部切除;41例先在Hartmann袋处切开胆囊,然后寻找、夹闭胆囊管和胆囊动脉或缝扎胆囊颈部,再行胆囊大部切除。手术时间(65.5±15.2)min,术中出血量(71.5±15.5)ml,术后恢复进食时间(20.4±6.3)h,出现局部并发症7例(4.2%),术后住院时间(4.2±2.6)d。105例随访(25.5±6.5)月,消化不良5例,右肩牵涉痛3例,右上腹部不适9例。结论对于复杂胆囊炎,LSC是可行的,术者要熟练掌握LSC的技术特点,正确处理好出血和胆漏是LSC成功的关键。     

改良的二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的探讨改良的二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的疗效。方法 2009年7月～2011年3月对152例胆囊良性病变脐部5 mm戳孔改用软质无通气阀的trocar,配以长柄向外侧弯曲抓钳施行二孔法LC,均未放置腹腔引流管。结果 151例成功施行二孔法LC,1例因胆囊三角显露困难行三孔法LC。手术时间35～70 min,平均45 min;术中出血量10～50 ml,平均15 ml。术后切口疼痛轻微,无出血、胆漏、感染等并发症,2例术后出现右下腹持续性疼痛,B超检查示肠道积气,经对症处理后缓解。脐部切口隐藏于脐内缘,仅剑突下一5 mm瘢痕。152例术后随访12个月,恢复良好,美容效果满意。结论改良的二孔法LC安全可行,疗效满意。     

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Cirrhotic Patients

Background and Objectives:

Gallstones are twice as common in cirrhotic patients as in the general population. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the gold standard for symptomatic gallstones, cirrhosis has been considered an absolute or relative contraindication. Many authors have reported on the safety of LC in cirrhotic patients. We reviewed our patients retrospectively and assessed the safety of LC in cirrhotic patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Methods:

From January 2003 to December 2005, a retrospective study was conducted at SU IV, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. All the cirrhotic patients with Child-Pugh class A and B cirrhosis undergoing LC were included in the study. Cirrhosis was diagnosed based on clinical, biochemical, ultrasonography, and intraoperative findings of the nodular liver and histopathological study.

Results:

Of 250 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 20 (12.5%) were cirrhotic. Of these 20, 12 (60%) were Childs group A and 8 (40%) were group B. Thirty percent were hepatitis B positive, and 70% were hepatitis C positive. Preoperative diagnosis of cirrhosis was possible in 80% of cases, and 20% were diagnosed during surgery. Morbidity rate was 15% and mortality rate was 0%. Two patients developed postoperative ascites, and mean hospital stay was 2.8±0.1 days. Of the 20 cases, 2 (10%) were converted to open cholecystectomy. The mean operation time was 70.2±32.54 minutes.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease in select patients with Child-Pugh A and B cirrhosis. The advantages over open cholecystectomy are the lower morbidity rate and reduced hospital stay.     

Combined Procedures with Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

With advancement in laparoscopic surgery a number of surgical procedures can be performed combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a single surgery. We evaluate the safety & efficacy of such surgeries. A retrospective review of all patients who had undergone combined procedures with laparoscopic cholecystectomy during January 2005 to June 2009 was performed. 3144 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed in the period from January 2005 to June 2009. Of these, 401 cases were combined with another procedure. The mean operative time was 80 min (range 50–270 min). The mean hospital stay was 3.2 days (range 1–5 days). The mean no. of days injectable analgesics was required was 2 days (range 1 day–4 days). Combined procedures provide patients with all the benefits of minimal invasive surgery and also give the benefit of single time anaesthesia without adding to post operative morbidity & hospital stay.     

Granulomatous Peritonitis After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background:

Granulomatous peritonitis may indicate a number of infectious, malignant, and idiopathic inflammatory conditions. It is a very rare postoperative complication, which is thought to reflect a delayed cell-mediated response to cornstarch from surgical glove powder in susceptible individuals. This mechanism, however, is much more likely to occur with open abdominal surgery when compared with the laparoscopic technique.

Methods:

We report a case of sterile granulomatous peritonitis in an 80-y-old female after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Management was conservative, and no relapse was observed after over 1-y of follow-up.

Discussion:

We propose that peritoneal exposure to bile acids during the laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder was the trigger of granulomatous peritonitis in this patient. Severe complications, such as peritoneal adhesions, intestinal obstruction, and fistula formation, were observed, but no fatalities were reported.

Conclusion:

We should be aware of this rare cause of peritonitis in the surgical setting.