宫颈癌及癌前病变HPV-16存在状态检测的研究

目的：为建立理想的HPV存在状态检测方法，了解宫颈癌及癌前病变HPV一16DNA的整合状况．初步探讨HPV-16DNA整合在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用及HPV-16整合状态检测可能具有的临床应用价值方法：采用多重实时PCR同管定量检测HPV-16E2和E6基因，根据E2／E6比值来判定HPV-16DNA的存在状态：并对HPV-16阳性的51例宫颈鳞癌和49例宫颈上皮内瘤样病变石蜡标本进行检测．结果：1）HPV—16E2、E6标准曲线相关系数均为1．00，扩增效率均在95％以上：2）确定0，81作为多重实时PCR区分游离型和混合型HPV-16的界值、3）CINⅠ中HPV—16大多以游离方式存在，但仍有整合的发生（42，9％）；CINⅡ和CINⅢ中HPV—16以混合型为主：浸润癌中以整合型HPV—16为主。4）HPV-16整合发生率与不同程度的宫颈病变有关，并且随着宫颈病变级别的升高HPV-16整合发生率呈上升趋势-5）Ⅱ＋Ⅲ期宫颈癌中整合型HPV—16所占比例显著高于Ⅰ期宫颈癌结论：1）多重实时定量PCR是一种敏感性高、简便快速的HPV—16病毒存在状态的检测方法2）HPV-16整合是宫颈癌变的早期事件，与宫颈癌前病变的进展有关。3）宫颈癌中整合型HPV—16的发生可能具有预后价值、     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒对宫颈癌及癌前病变诊断价值的探讨

为了探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的诊断价值,采用第2代杂交捕获(HC-2)技术对325例妇科疾病患者[慢性宫颈炎56例,宫烦上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ41例,CIN Ⅱ 33例,CIN Ⅲ 91例,宫颈癌104例]进行HPV DNA阳性率和含量浏定.慢性宫颈炎、CIN Ⅰ级、CIN Ⅱ～Ⅲ级和宫颈癌患者HPV阳性感染率分别为35.7%,61.0%,91.0%和100.0%o;宫颈癌前病变(CIN I～Ⅲ)和宫颈癌的HPV DNA含量均明显高于慢性宫颈炎,差异有统计学意义,P＜0. 05;宫颐癌的HPV DNA含量明显高于宫颈癌前病变(CINⅠ～Ⅲ),差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.初步研究结果提示,HPV DNA阳性感染率随宫颈病变程度的加重而升高;高危型HPV在慢性宫颈炎、CIN和宫颈癌中的病毒含量随宫颈病变程度的加重呈上升趋势.高危型HPV可以作为宫颈癌及癌前病变的重要检测指标.     

萧山区妇女HPV感染现状及与宫颈病变的关系

[目的]探讨人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈病变的关系.[方法]对2010年1月至2012年12月就诊的2 423例病例进行液基细胞学检查和HPV检测,对细胞学诊断≥ASCUS及HPV检测为高危阳性的病例进行阴道镜下宫颈组织活检.[结果]在2 423例病例中,HPV阳性率为36.11％(875/2 423).在ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL、SCC中HPV阳性率分别为54.13％、71.67％、93.85％和100.00％.组织学诊断CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、SCC病变中HPV阳性率分别为76.74％、85.0％、90.91％和100.00％.HPV16的检出率在不同宫颈病变中均居首位,且随宫颈病变的级别升高而感染率升高.[结论] HPV16是最常见的高危型.HPV检测并联合液基细胞学和组织学检查能更有效地筛查宫颈病变,为预防宫颈癌提供可靠的科学依据.     

叶酸水平及 HPV16感染对妇女发生宫颈癌变的协同作用研究

目的：探讨叶酸水平、HPV16感染及HPV16 E2和E6 mRNA水平与宫颈癌变的关系,并研究叶酸水平及HPV16感染在宫颈癌变中的协同作用。方法选择新发宫颈炎症（ CI）患者40例、宫颈上皮内瘤样变（ CIN）患者80例（ CINⅠ患者36例,CINⅡ／Ⅲ44例）、宫颈鳞状细胞癌（ SCC）患者48例作为研究对象,采用微生物法测定血清叶酸和红细胞叶酸含量,采用PCR检测宫颈癌组织HPV16的感染情况,采用荧光定量PCR检测宫颈癌组织和叶酸体外干预后Caski宫颈癌细胞中HPV16 E2及E6 mRNA水平,检测不同叶酸浓度对Caski和C33A细胞抑制情况。结果 CINⅠ组、CINⅡ／Ⅲ组和SCC 组HPV16感染率分别与CI 组宫颈组织HPV16感染率比较,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。CINⅠ、CINⅡ／Ⅲ、SCC 各组HPV16 E2和E6 mRNA水平与CI组比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．0001）。宫颈癌的严重程度与HPV16 E2和E6 mRNA水平均呈明显正相关性,与血清叶酸和红细胞叶酸含量均呈显著负相关性。叶酸浓度与Caski细胞和C33A细胞的相对抑制率及HPV16 E2和E6 mRNA水平呈明显负相关性。结论叶酸水平低、HPV16感染及HPV16 E2及E6 mRNA低表达均与宫颈癌变有关,补充叶酸明显抑制宫颈癌细胞的增殖,逆转HPV16 E2及E6高表达,提示叶酸水平及HPV16感染在宫颈癌变的过程中具有协同作用。     

中国大陆地区不同宫颈病变人群中人乳头瘤病毒感染率及型别分布的系统研究

目的探讨中国大陆地区不同级别宫颈病变女性人群中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染和型别分布规律,为制定适宜特定地区人群的宫颈癌防控措施提供依据。方法检索1990年1月至2018年10月间Pub Med、CNKI和维普数据库发表的所有关于中国女性人群HPV感染及型别分布的研究,采用Stata 12. 0软件进行数据分析。结果共有63篇文献纳入最终分析,HPV总感染率随病变级别严重程度逐渐升高,在宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ级(CIN1)、宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅱ级(CIN2)、宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅲ级(CIN3)和宫颈癌人群中分别为67. 2%[95%CI(59. 4,75. 0)%]、79. 1%[95%CI(73. 6,84. 7)、85. 9%[95%CI(83. 0,88. 8)%]和85. 3%[95%CI(83. 0,87. 6)%]。不同级别宫颈病变中HPV型别分布有差异,最常见的前三位,宫颈癌中为HPV16/18/58,CIN3和CIN2中均为HPV16/58/52,CIN1中为HPV16/52/58。HPV52是CIN1中第二常见的型别,但其所占比例在CIN2、CIN3和宫颈癌中开始下降。不同地区的HPV感染率及型别分布存在差异,高危型HPV感染是各地区最常见的型别感染。结论我国大陆地区宫颈病变女性人群中HPV感染率及型别分布具有地区分布和病变级别分布差异,以高危型HPV16/18/58/52感染为主。     

p53、人半翼基因在宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌中的表达及相关性分析

目的 探讨p53、人半翼基因(hWAPL)在宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌中的表达及相关性.方法 选取67例低级别宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者(CINⅠ)、58例高级别CIN患者(CINⅡ～Ⅲ)、42例宫颈癌患者和39例宫颈炎患者,取相应的CIN组织、宫颈癌组织和正常宫颈组织,免疫组化法检测HPV16/18型E6、p53、hWAPL蛋白的表达情况.根据人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染情况,206例患者中合并HPV感染117例,未合并HPV感染89例,比较合并与未合并HPV感染宫颈癌患者p53、hWAPL蛋白表达情况,探讨HPV感染与p53、hWAPL蛋白阳性表达的相关性.结果 HPV16/18型E6、p53、hWAPL蛋白在正常宫颈组织、CINⅠ组织、CINⅡ～Ⅲ组织和宫颈癌组织中阳性表达率和阳性表达强度逐渐升高,正常宫颈组织﹤CINⅠ组织﹤CINⅡ～Ⅲ组织﹤宫颈癌组织(P﹤0.01).合并HPV感染患者p53、hWAPL蛋白的阳性表达率均明显高于未合并HPV感染患者(P﹤0.05).Spearmen相关性分析结果显示,宫颈组织中HPV16/18型E6蛋白的阳性表达与p53、hWAPL蛋白的阳性表达均呈正相关(r=0.635、0.701,P﹤0.01),宫颈组织中p53蛋白的阳性表达与hWAPL蛋白的阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.763,P=0.000).结论 合并HPV感染的宫颈癌患者宫颈癌组织中p53?hWAPL的阳性表达率和表达强度均较高,HPV16/18型E6蛋白的阳性表达与p53?hWAPL蛋白的阳性表达均呈正相关.     

温岭市已婚妇女宫颈癌组织筛查分析

[目的]了解温岭市已婚妇女宫颈癌筛查情况,探讨其筛查价值。[方法]2010年4～10月参加宫颈病变筛查妇女21566例,以液基细胞学(TCT)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)和阴道镜为筛查方法,活检组织病理学为诊断金标准。[结果]21566例患者中检出细胞学阳性共1024例,988例行HPV-DNA检测HPV感染405例,病理诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样变(CIN)Ⅰ139例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ83例,鳞状细胞癌(SCC)1例。农村居民宫颈病变患病率明显高于城镇居民(χ2=16.65,P<0.05)。[结论]通过有组织地对已婚妇女行宫颈癌筛查,可早期发现宫颈病变。     

维、汉族HPV阳性妇女宫颈脱落细胞中L1蛋白的表达差异研究

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨人乳头状瘤病毒( HPV) L1 壳蛋白在维、汉族HPV阳性宫颈不同病变脱落细胞中的表达。［方法］ 收集宫颈脱落细胞标本 300 例,维吾尔族妇女129例：慢性宫颈炎64例(49%),CIN1 24例(19%),CIN2/3 26 例(20%),宫颈癌15例(12%);汉族妇女171例：慢性宫颈炎83例(48%),CIN1 39例(23%),CIN2/3 39例(23%),宫颈癌10例(6%)。采用免疫细胞化学法检测 HPV L1壳蛋白在宫颈脱落细胞中的表达。［结果］ 维吾尔族妇女L1的表达阳性率为：慢性宫颈炎31%（20/64）,CIN1 63% (15/24),CIN2/3 27% (7/26),宫颈癌中无表达,各组间比较差异有统计学意义 (χ2=17.466,P=0.01) ,且随病变程度加重（CIN到宫颈癌）,HPV L1壳蛋白阳性表达率呈下降趋势。汉族妇女L1蛋白表达阳性率：慢性宫颈炎39%（32/83）,CIN1 59% (23/39),CIN2/3 26% (10/39),宫颈癌中无表达。维吾尔族妇女与汉族妇女同级别宫颈病变间L1表达率差异均无统计学意义 (P均＞0.05)。［结论］ HPV L1 壳蛋白在宫颈病变中的阳性表达率随着病变程度加重呈下降趋势（CIN到宫颈癌）,有望成为预测宫颈癌前病变进展的生物标志物。HPV L1壳蛋白在维、汉族同级别宫颈病变间的表达无差异。     

错配修复基因hMLH1、hMSH2蛋白在宫颈疾病中的表达

[目的]分析不同级别宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌中错配修复基因hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白表达情况。[方法]收集宫颈活检及手术标本139例,其中宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ级43例,CINⅡ、Ⅲ级48例,宫颈鳞癌(SCC)48例;对照组慢性宫颈炎50例。用免疫组化技术检测hMLH1和hMSH2蛋白,分析其与宫颈病变级别及宫颈癌临床病理特征关系。[结果]hMLH1阳性率在CIN各组明显高于慢性宫颈炎及SCC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。hMSH2阳性率随宫颈病变级别增加而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);但SCC组与CIN各组相比差异无统计学意义。hMLH1阳性率随FIGO分期增加而下降,但差异无统计学意义;hMSH2阳性率随FIGO分期增加而上升,且与淋巴转移及病理分级有关(P<0.05)。两者与肿瘤大小均无关。[结论]错配修复基因hMLH1、hMSH2蛋白与宫颈癌发生发展有关,但两者作用机制可能不同。     

132例维族、汉族HPV16阳性宫颈组织中 L1蛋白表达

[目的]探讨维、汉族HPV16阳性宫颈组织中L1蛋白表达差异.[方法]收集新鲜宫颈组织224例,PCR筛选HPV16阳性标本132例(其中维族70例,汉族62例),免疫组化法测定HPV L1蛋白.[结果]L1蛋白在CIN1组阳性表达率为52.63％(10/19),其中维族为57.14％(4/7),汉族为50.00％(6/12).L1蛋白在CIN2～3组阳性表达率为29.17％(7/24),其中维族为22.22％(2/9),汉族为33.33％(5/15).维、汉族L1蛋白表达率差异无统计学意义(P＞005).[结论]维、汉族HPV16阳性宫颈组织中L1蛋白阳性表达率无统计学差异,L1蛋白检测可预测宫颈病变进展及预后.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.