Ⅰa期非小细胞肺癌患者预后因素的相关分析

目的 探讨临床病理特征、手术方式及辅助化疗对Ⅰ a期非小细胞肺癌患者预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析在上海市肺科医院胸外科经手术治疗的Ⅰ a期非小细胞肺癌患者98例.用Pearson X2分析肿瘤大小的分布差异,用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线统计生存率,Log-rank进行差异性检验,并对患者发病年龄、性别、病理类型、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、手术方式以及是否接受辅助化疗等因素进行COX回归比例风险模型多因素分析.结果 全组总的5年生存率为68.4%;肿瘤≤2.0 cm组5年生存率为75.9 0A,＞2.0 cm且≤3.0 cm组为58.8%;行肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结采样组5年生存率为53.0%,行肺叶切除加系统纵隔淋巴结清扫组5年生存率为80.4%.单因素及多因素分析,肿瘤大小、手术方式均为独立的预后因素.结论 肿瘤大小、手术方式均为Ⅰ a期非小细胞肺癌患者独立的预后因素,要求进一步提高肺癌诊断水平,积极行系统纵隔淋巴结清扫术,使患者及早获得更彻底的治疗.     

1380例手术后非小细胞肺癌影响预后的多因素分析

背景与目的非小细胞肺癌的预后影响因素较多，有关文献均有着不嗣的报道。作者结合本院的临床资料对非小细胞肺癌手术后不同治疗模式的预后及其影响因素进行评价及分析。方法回顾性分析白1996年1月至2003年1月．我院胸外科非小细胞肺癌手术治疗的1380例病人资料，对影响其预后的临床病理性因素进行了单因素及多因素分析。结果全组1年生存率为78．85％，3年49．78％，5年38．96％，中位生存时间38、77月。单因素分析显示患者肿瘤大小、病理类型、临床类型（中心型和周围型）、分期、淋巴结转移情况、手术方式及术后是否化疗和化疗的周期数为影响预后的因素，多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、分期、淋巴结转移情况及术后是否化疗和化疗的周期数为影响预后的因素。结论对于影响手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌的因素如肿瘤大小、分期、淋巴结转移情况及术后是否化疗及周期数为预后的因素。     

影响局部晚期非小细胞肺癌适形放疗的预后因素分析

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗的疗效及其预后因素.方法 选择在本院行三维适形放疗的32例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,所有病例行三维适形低分割照射,由CT扫描测量肿瘤最大直径和体积,对相关指标进行单因素、多因素分析,并用预后指数模型综合评价放疗疗效.结果 有效率(CR PR)为78.1%(25/32),元变化加病变进展率(NC PD)为21.9%(7/32).中位生存时间为14个月,1年生存率为53%,多因素分析提示卡氏评分(KPS)是独立的生存预后因素.结论 KPS有可能成为三维适形放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的独立影响因素.     

影响非小细胞肺癌预后相关基因的研究进展

近几十年来，我国肺癌的发病率呈逐渐增高趋势，在男性和女性癌症患者中肺癌是主要的死亡因素，而非小细胞肺癌（non—small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）大约占死亡总数的80％。即使I期非小细胞肺癌也有30％-35％的病人首次手术后复发且预后很差，尽管IA期四年总的生存率接近70％，但是高复发风险人群四年生存率则不到10％。因此我们需要鉴别出这些病人中具有高复发风险的亚群；既往的研究认为综合分析非小细胞肺癌病人中基因、蛋白及RNA表达来预测预后是一个进步。Potti等分析了ACOSOGZ0030试验和CALGB9761试验的109例样本验证基因模型预测复发风险的准确性，证实肺癌基因突变与非小细胞肺癌预后的临床相关性，单变量和多变量分析均显示基因模型比年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、疾病分期、病理类型、吸烟史更准确（P〈0．001），且在所有的早期非小细胞肺癌中预测结果趋于一致。现将影响非小细胞肺癌预后相关基因的研究进展综述如下。[第一段]     

外科治疗ⅢA期N2非小细胞肺癌的预后分析及临床意义

目的探讨经手术治疗的ⅢA期N2非小细胞肺癌不同亚组病人的生存率差异，分析影响ⅢA期N2非小细胞肺癌预后因素。方法对1991年1月～2000年1月我院146例手术治疗的ⅢA期N2 NSCLC患者进行分析。对一些可能影响预后的因素：病理类型、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小（T）、手术方式、临床N2情况、N2转移组数及个数、术后辅助治疗等，用Kaplan—Meier曲线及Log rank检验生存率差异，Cox单因素，多因素分析各因素对生存率的影响。结果146例手术治疗的ⅢA期N2 NSCLC的3年5年生存率分别为19．86％和14．56％。单因素分析示肿瘤位置，临床N2情况，N2转移组数及个数是影响生存率的因素，多因素分析示肿瘤大小，临床N2情况，N2转移组数和肿瘤位置影响预后。右肺下叶肿瘤单组或单个N2转移，预后最好。结论纵膈是否有微转移淋巴结，转移淋巴结个数和组数是影响术后生存率主要因素。纵膈淋巴结微转移（mN2）．单组N2转移（N2L1），N2转移数少于4个的病人术后预后好，宜手术治疗。右肺下叶肿瘤发生单组N2淋巴结转移预后好。     

ZEB1在非小细胞肺癌的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨ZEB1在非小细胞肺癌的表达及其临床意义。方法分析ZEB1蛋白在102例非小细胞肺癌组织及60例癌旁组织的表达,同时分析ZEB1表达与患者病理特征及预后的关系。结果免疫组化研究结果显示ZEB1蛋白的表达与患者的性别、年龄和病理类型无明显相关性,但ZEB1蛋白的表达水平与肿瘤的大小、肿瘤细胞分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期和Ki-67的表达密切相关,高表达ZEB1蛋白患者五年生存率明显低于低表达患者(P=0.002)。多因素分析显示,ZEB1的表达是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 ZEB1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达与肿瘤的大小、肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤的分期和预后均密切相关。     

TARBP1在非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤组织中的表达及与生存预后的关系

目的探究TARBP1在非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤组织中的表达及与生存预后的关系。方法选择我院2013年2月至2015年4月诊治的103例非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,观察其手术后病理组织中TARBP1蛋白表达情况,探究TARBP1蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌患者临床病理资料的关系。检测非小细胞肺癌组织及癌旁组织中TARBP1 mRNA表达量,探究TARBP1 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌患者3年预后诊断中的价值。分析非小细胞肺癌患者3年生存预后的独立影响因素。结果 TARBP1在非小细胞肺癌组织中阳性表达78例,占比75. 73%; TARBP1在癌旁组织中阳性表达23例,占比22. 33%,两组差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。TARBP1表达与非小细胞肺癌患者年龄、性别、肿瘤直径无关(P 0. 05),与TNM分期、组织分化程度、病理类型和淋巴结转移有关(P 0. 05)。TARBP1 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌组织中的相对表达量与TARBP1 mRNA在癌旁组织中的相对表达量比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。非小细胞肺癌术后3年生存患者与死亡患者接受根治术治疗时,非小细胞肺癌组织中TARBP1 mRNA表达量比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。TARBP1 mRNA诊断非小细胞肺癌患者3年生存期的AUC为0. 891(95%CI:0. 723～0. 975),价值较高,可辅助评估非小细胞肺癌患者生存预后。单因素分析结果显示TNM分期、组织分化程度、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移和TARBP1表达与非小细胞肺癌患者生存预后有关。多因素分析结果表明TNM分期及组织分化程度越高、肿瘤直径≥5 cm、淋巴结转移及TARBP1阳性表达,提示非小细胞肺癌患者预后较差。结论检测非小细胞肺癌组织中TARBP1蛋白表达有助于患者预后评估。     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌164例治疗效果及预后分析

选取164例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者,行单纯放疗53例,序贯治疗（先化疗后放疗）72例,同步治疗（化疗与放疗同时进行）39例。其中29例常规放疗后行三维适形放疗。化疗方案为NP（长春瑞滨＋顺铂）或DP（多西他赛＋顺铂）。结果随访到155例患者的中位生存时间为13个月,1、3a生存率分别为56．1％和14．3％。单纯放疗、序贯治疗及同步治疗的中位生存时间及1、3a生存率分别为11个月、43．4％、8．0％,13个月、56．9％、13．3％,18个月、71．8％、23．9％。单因素分析显示治疗方式、KPS评分、临床分期、放疗剂量、治疗前血红蛋白等因素与患者预后有关。多因素分析显示KPS评分和治疗方式是独立预后因素。认为对Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者应予化疗加放疗综合治疗;对KPS评分≥80分的患者行同步治疗可延长生存时间。     

老年人晚期非小细胞型肺癌适形放疗的临床研究

目的 探讨老年人晚期非小细胞型肺癌适形放射治疗的价值。方法 对24例老年晚期非小细胞型肺癌患者实施适形放疗，进行低姑息性达根治剂量的治疗。结果 全组1、2、3年的生存率分别是：91．67％、54．16％、43．33％；放疗期间无急性放射性肺炎发生；统计分析显示：治疗前是否合并上腔静脉综合征、肿瘤体积大小、治疗前后生活质量(KPS)评分、适形放疗剂量为有意义的预后因素。结论 适形放疗对老年人晚期非小细胞型肺癌有治疗意义。     

电视胸腔镜治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效及影响因素

目的研究电视胸腔镜治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效及其影响因素。方法选取本院2013年4月-2015年4月收治90例原发性非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各45例患者。观察组使用胸腔镜辅助下小切口肺叶切除术,对照组采用传统的开胸肺叶切除术。再采取Log-rank检验和Kaplan-Meier法估计两组患者的中位生存时间和生存率,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析胸腔镜微创治疗效果的影响因素。结果两组患者的总体生存时间分布之间无显著性差异(χ~2=0.335,P=0.846);患者的肿瘤分期(χ~2=46.593,P0.001)与患者的预后之间的关系密切,而患者的年龄(χ~2=1.229,P=0.268)、性别(χ~2=0.389,P=0.533)和吸烟史(χ~2=1.491,P=0.222)与患者的预后之间没有直接联系;患者清扫的淋巴结个数和肿瘤分期是影响非小细胞肺癌患者治疗的独立因子。而组织分化、是否辅助化疗、病灶长度以及支气管切缘的情况是影响非小细胞肺癌患者治疗的非独立因子,考虑这些因素协同作用对患者疗效的影响。结论使用电视胸腔镜治疗非小细胞肺癌和传统的手术方法疗效差异不大,且肿瘤分期和淋巴结的清扫个数是影响患者预后的独立因素。     

Tumor size is a determinant of stage distribution in t1 non-small cell lung cancer

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Despite renewed interest in early detection of lung cancer, the relationship between tumor size and survival remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between size and stage in patients with T1 (< or = 3.0 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a lung cancer database from 1995 to 2003 identified 503 patients with completely resected invasive NSCLC with tumors < or = 3 cm. All clinical and pathologic characteristics were recorded. Univariate associations between nodal status and other prognostic factors were explored by chi2 and t tests. The independent effect of tumor size > 2 cm vs < or = 2 cm on the risk of nodal disease was analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the 503 patients, 324 patients (64.4%) had stage IA disease, 52 patients (10.3%) had stage IB disease, 37 patients (7.4%) had stage IIA disease, 15 patients (3%) had stage IIB disease, 43 patients (8.6%) had stage IIIA disease, 24 patients (4.8%) had stage IIIB disease, and 8 patients (1.6%) had stage IV disease. One hundred patients (19.9%) had nodal metastases. The mean (+/- SD) tumor size of cases without nodal disease was 1.90 +/- 0.67 cm, compared to 2.18 +/- 0.69 cm for node-positive tumors (p = 0.0003; 95% confidence interval [CI] for mean difference, 0.13 to 0.43). Forty-eight of 308 patients (15.6%) with smaller carcinomas (< or = 2.0 cm) compared to 52 of 195 patients (26.7%) with carcinomas > 2.0 cm had nodal metastases (p = 0.002). Exploratory multivariate analysis revealed that only tumor size (< or = 2.0 cm [referent] vs > 2.0 cm) affected nodal status and thus stage (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.1; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Primary invasive NSCLC > 2.0 cm was twice as likely to have nodal metastases than carcinomas < or = 2.0 cm. Our results suggest that in lung cancer smaller lesions may represent earlier stage disease. These results also suggest the need for further subclassification by tumor size within the current International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I, with tumors < 2 cm in size contained in a separate substage. This refinement may help to better clarify which patients might benefit from novel adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapeutic interventions.     

Tumor size predicts survival within stage IA non-small cell lung cancer

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The basic premise of CT screening is that size is an important determinant of survival in lung cancer. We sought to examine this hypothesis within stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all patients with pathologically confirmed stage IA NSCLC resected from 1991 to 2001 was conducted. All but seven patients underwent anatomic lung resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival probability stratified by tumor size. The influence of age, gender, histology, and tumor size on survival was also analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: There were 244 patients (mean age, 66.7 years; 45.1% were men). Lobectomy was performed in 229 patients, segmentectomy in 8 patients, and wedge resection in 7 patients. Operative mortality was 0.4%. Histologic breakdown was as follows: adenocarcinoma (59.4%), squamous (18.9%), bronchoalveolar (15.2%), large cell (4.5%), and poorly differentiated (2.0%). The median follow-up time for all patients was 2.6 years. The 5-year survival probability for all patients was 71.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63.6 to 78.6%). For 161 patients with tumor sizes < or = 2.0 cm, the 5-year survival probability was 77.2% (95% CI, 68.6 to 85.8%) in comparison with 60.3% (95% CI, 46.7 to 73.8%) in 83 patients with tumor size > 2.0 cm (p = 0.03 by log-rank test). The overall 5-year disease-specific survival was 74.9% (95% CI, 67.6 to 82.2%). Disease-specific survival was 81.4% (95% CI, 73.3 to 89.4%) for patients with tumors < or = 2.0 cm and 63.4% (95% CI, 49.6 to 77.1%) for patients with tumors > 2.0 cm. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that size within stage IA is an important predictor of survival and that further substaging should be considered.     

Correlation of tumor size and survival in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between tumor size and survival in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer; ie, lesions < 3 cm). METHOD: Five hundred ten patients with pathologic stage IA (T1N0M0) non-small cell lung cancer were identified from our tumor registry over an 18-year period (from 1981 to 1999). There were 285 men and 225 women, with a mean age of 63 years (range, 31 to 90 years). The Cox proportional model was used to examine the effect on survival. Tumor size was incorporated into the model as a linear effect and as categorical variables. The Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator was used to graphically display the relationship between the tumor size and survival. RESULTS: The Cox proportional hazards model did not show a statistically significant relationship between tumor size and survival (p = 0.701) as a linear effect. Tumor size was then categorized into quartiles, and again there was no statistically significant difference in survival between groups (p = 0.597). Tumor size was also categorized into deciles, and there was no statistical relationship between tumor size and survival (p = 0.674). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms stratifying patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer in the same TNM classification, given no apparent difference in survival. Unfortunately, these data caution that improved small nodule detection with screening CT may not significantly improve lung cancer mortality. The appropriate prospective randomized trial appears warranted.     

Impact of size, histology, and gender on stage IA non-small cell lung cancer

The aim of this study was to assess which prognostic factors could influence survival in surgically treated stage IA non-small cell lung cancer. The records of 224 consecutive patients with pathological stage IA after radical surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 89%, 76%, and 66%. Nearly half of the deaths were unrelated to the original cancer. There was no difference in survival attributable to preoperative pulmonary function, age at operation, or extent of resection. However, patients with limited resections had a higher rate of local recurrence. Survival was better with a smaller size of tumor (= 2 cm), in the female sex, and in cases of bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma.     

Relationship of tumor size to survival in patients with pT2N0 lung cancer

Lung cancer extending beyond 3 cm in diameter without lymph node or distant metastasis is defined as T2. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognosis based on tumor size for patients with resected T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer. The 268 patients who underwent complete resection of a lung tumor > 3 cm in diameter were reviewed retrospectively. They were divided into 3 groups based on tumor size: 3-5 cm, > 5-7 cm, and > 7 cm. There were significant differences in the 5-year survival rates of 61.4%, 47.9%, and 21.9% in each group, respectively. In the two subgroups with tumor sizes 3-4 cm and > 4 cm, the 5-year survival was 63.8% and 48.1%, respectively. Tumors > 4 cm in diameter indicate a poor long-term prognosis.     

Operable non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed by transpleural techniques : do they affect relapse and prognosis?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether transpleural methods for diagnosing peripheral lung cancer, such as needle aspiration or tumor excision, affect relapse and prognosis, because these techniques have potential to spread malignant cells from the tumor. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: National referral hospital. PATIENTS: We reviewed 239 patients who underwent surgery between 1990 and 1998 and for whom non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of < 3 cm in maximum diameter was completely resected. The duration of postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 to 105 months, with a median period of 45 months. INTERVENTIONS: We defined the transbronchial method as using a bronchoscope, and the transpleural method as using needle aspiration cytology or tumor excision. Dichotomous variables included gender, histologic type of squamous cell carcinoma or other type of carcinoma, pathologic stage, and whether the diagnostic method was the transbronchial type only (first-line method) or the transpleural type (second-line method). RESULTS: NSCLC was diagnosed in 45 patients by the transpleural technique and in 194 patients by the transbronchial technique. There were no significant statistical differences in age of patients, gender, histologic type, pathologic stage, and tumor size. There were 42 relapses, 7 in the transpleural technique group and 35 in the transbronchial technique group (p = 0.90). Of the 7 patients in the transpleural group, there were 4 distant metastasis and 3 local relapses; of the 35 patients in the transbronchial group, there were 20 distant metastasis and 15 local relapses (p = 0.99). Pleural carcinomatosis occurred in none of the 45 patients in the transpleural group and in 1 case (0.5%) in the 194 patients in the transbronchial group (p = 0.99). Patients in the transpleural group had a statistically better 5-year survival rate than patients in the transbronchial group (79.4% vs 60.3%, p = 0.04). This is also confirmed as an independent prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Transpleural methods seem to be an advisable way to diagnose operable lung cancer that is difficult to diagnose using bronchoscopy, because these methods did not affect relapse and prognosis in the patients in our study.     

Upstaging by vessel invasion improves the pathology staging system of non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: There is a need for a more complete classification system of lung cancer. To address this issue, we assessed whether the new staging could differentiate patients with early-stage cancers who have poorer prognosis and improve the unbalanced patient numbers with overlapping prognoses arising from the current TNM staging system. METHODS: The study included 995 patients with pathology stages I and II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical resection at two institutions. We subclassified patients with stage IA and IB NSCLC based on the presence of vessel invasion (Vi). Stage IA Vi and stage IB non-Vi were combined into new stage IB, as were stages IB Vi and IIA into new stage IIA. RESULTS: The numbers of patients of stages IA, IB, IIA, and IIB were 477, 314, 55, and 149, and their 5-year survival rates were 86.0%, 66.2%, 60.7%, and 50.4%, respectively. Vi groups showed significantly poorer prognosis than non-Vi groups at stage IA (p = 0.011) and at stage IB (p = 0.036). The numbers of patients of new stages IA, IB, and IIA were 333, 260, and 253, and their 5-year survival rates were 88.7%, 76.4%, and 61.2%, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that the new staging improved predictability of overall survival according to disease stage, and Akaike information criterion (3023.7) was significantly lower than that for current staging system (3032.5). CONCLUSION: Upstaging of Vi groups allows differentiation of patients with early-stage cancers with poor prognosis and improves the unbalanced numbers of patients and prediction of prognosis in cases of lung cancer.