武汉市中小学生视力不良状况分析

目的 了解湖北省武汉市某区中小学生视力状况及年级、性别特征,为青少年视力保健工作提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,2019年抽取武汉市64 861名中小学生裸眼视力检查资料并分析.结果 武汉市某区中小学生总体视力不良检出率为57.5％,小学生检出率为51.6％,其中轻度18.9％、中度20.9％和重度11.9％,中学生检出率为69.8％,其中轻度8.1％、中度19.5％和重度42.3％;1～6年级小学生及7年级、9年级、10年级、12年级男生视力水平好于女生,小学2年级学生视力最好(4.93±0.20),总视力不良及重度视力不良率呈阶梯式上升,4年级小学生增长速度较快.结论 武汉市中小学生近视率高于全国平均水平,随着年龄增长视力不良检出率和重度近视率增加,10岁是检出率增加的关键年龄.     

某市中小学生视力现状及影响因素分析

目的 探究某市中小学生视力现状及其影响因素,为学生近视防控提供科学的理论依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取某市12所中小学校3 392名学生为调查对象,开展视力检查和影响因素的问卷调查。使用SPSS 25.0统计软件开展单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 2020年9—10月共调查3 392名学生,近视检出率为62.38%;其中,女生(67.38%)高于男生(57.45%),城区学生(72.16%)高于郊区(50.39%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);家长提醒读写姿势越频繁,近视检出率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,课间休息场所(χ^(2)=49.617)、家长提醒读写姿势(χ^(2)=37.581)、近距离用眼时长(χ^(2)=138.001)、每天在校做眼保健操频率(χ^(2)=73.402)、夜间看电子屏幕(χ^(2)=55.644)、不良姿式看电子屏幕(χ^(2)=95.780)、父母近视情况(χ^(2)=85.795)、夜间学习使用光源(χ^(2)=22.353)与中小学生近视相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,课间休息去户外活动(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.62~0.86)、近距离用眼15~29 min休息1次(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.56~0.87)是视力不良的保护因素;近距离用眼超过60 min(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.07~1.76)、偶尔(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.03~1.53)、经常(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.15~2.18)、总是(OR=2.45,95%CI:1.25~4.80)不良姿势看电子屏幕、父亲有近视史(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.61~2.48)或者父母均近视(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.89~3.19)是学生患近视的危险因素。结论 学生视力受不良用眼行为和姿势、用眼时长以及遗传因素的影响,学校与家庭应督促学生多去户外活动,养成良好的读写姿势和用眼习惯,及时缓解用眼疲劳,降低中小学生近视发生率。     

库尔勒市中小学生常见病监测分析

目的了解新疆库尔勒市中小学生常见病患病情况,为采取有效的针对性干预措施提供科学依据。方法根据《2021年全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作方案》,采用分层随机抽样的方法,于2021年对库尔勒市6所学校的中小学生开展视力、龋齿、营养不良与超重肥胖、脊柱弯曲异常等常见病监测和教室环境卫生监测。结果共监测中小学生2276人,监测学生常见病5种,龋齿、视力不良、超重肥胖、营养不良和脊柱弯曲异常检出率分别为80.76%,67.09%,29.48%,9.14%,1.49%;除营养不良外,其他4种学生常见病在小学、初中和高中的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);除视力不良外,其他4种学生常见病在男生与女生间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),视力不良、龋齿和脊柱弯曲异常检出率女生均高于男生,超重肥胖及营养不良检出率男生均高于女生。结论2021年库尔勒市中小学生常见病患病情况总体形势严峻;相关部门应重视学生身心健康,尽早联合组织学校及家长采取有效的重点干预措施。     

肃南县牧区在校中小学学生视力调查分析

目的全面了解2012年甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县在校中小学生的视力状况,探讨视力变化规律和特点,以便为学校开展预防近视工作提供科学依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,对全县在校学生进行视力测试。结果全县11所中小学3 270名在校学生中视力低下1 316人,检出率40.24%,其中城市学生视力低下检出率51.80%,乡村学生视力低下率29.38%,男女生视力低下平均检出率分别为34.34%和46.34%。结论肃南县中小学学生视力低下检出率高,应及早采取有效措施预防中小学生视力低下,降低并控制视力低下发病率。     

2001～2005年新疆兵团农三师48团中小学生视力监测结果分析

视力低下是中小学生常见病之一,在学生健康体检中检出率居高不下,已严重影响学生的身心健康。为了解新疆生产建设兵团农三师48团中小学生视力低下现状以及发展趋势,更好地开展学生视力保护工作,对2001~2005年48团中小学生视力进行监测,结果分析如下。1对象与方法1.1对象:为2001~2005年48团在校体检学生,其中视力检查人数分别为1 905人、1 779人、1 632人、1630人和1 613人,检查率为98%以上。1.2方法:体检时间统一在每年5~6月份,并对新参加体检的医务人员进行检查项目标准培训。视力检查按照《中国卫生监督统计报表学校卫生情况年报表技术规…     

2020年阳江市6～23岁学生视力不良调查

目的 了解2020年广东省阳江市6～23岁学生视力不良基本情况,为相关部门制定预防和控制儿童青少年视力不良措施提供科学依据.方法 根据《2020年阳江市学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预实施方案》的要求,在全市大中小学中分层整群抽样并检测视力,使用STATA/SE 15.1统计分析数据.结果 2020年调查阳江市6～23岁学生5689人,视力不良检出率72.70％,重度视力不良占视力不良总人数的56.29％;女生视力不良检出率(76.35％)高于男生(69.13％),小学视力不良检出率(59.14％)明显低于其他各学段,高中/职中视力不良检出率最高(88.50％);2020年小学(59.14％)、初中(82.91％)、各学段合计(72.70％)视力不良检出率均高于2019年小学(54.12％)、初中(78.05％)、各学段合计(69.57％)的视力不良检出率,差异均有统计学意义(x2小学=12.959,x2初中=9.020,x2各学段=13.542,P＜0.05).结论 阳江市儿童青少年视力不良检出率较高,且重度视力不良比例超过一半,应引起相关部门的重视;视力保护是一项长期而持续的工作,需家长、学校和社会等多方面的配合.     

山东省某高校大学新生视力及影响因素分析

目的明确高校新生视力状况并分析其原因。方法对齐鲁师范学院2011年入学的677名新生进校视力检测及问卷调查。结果新生的视力不良检出率为83.31%,视力不良检出率在城乡、性别间没有发现显著差异。学习时间、睡眠时间和午睡对视力不良检出率具有显著影响。结论大学新生的视力不良检出率高,这与其高中阶段的学习生活习惯密切相关。     

2006年与1986年塔城市中小学生视力低下比较分析

目的了解2006年塔城市城镇中小学生视力低下状况并与1986年中小学生视力低下状况比较。方法依据《全国学生常见病综合防治技术方案》和《学校卫生工作条例》要求,使用标准对数视力表进行检查。结果塔城市城镇中小学生2006年视力低下率17％,高于1986年视力低下率11％（χ^2=68．39,P〈0．01）。结论塔城市中小学生视力低下率随年代、年龄和学习阶段的增高呈上升趋势。应加强宣传、积极防治近视,降低学生视力低下,提高学生健康水平。     

1989～1991年威海市区中小学生视力低下调查

为了解我市区中小学生视力状况,我站于1989～1991年对市区14,886名中小学生进行视力低下调查,现将调查情况报告如下。1.对象及方法:按全国中小学生体质调研方案,对市区四所中学、六所小学的学生进行了视力低下的调查。调查对象为小学一年级至高中二年级、年龄7～18岁的男女     

新疆阿勒泰地区哈萨克族视力低下调查

近年来,由于中学生负担的加重,加之学习环境及用眼的不良卫生习惯等原因,学生的视力低下患病率上升,为了解阿勒泰地区学生视力低下的情况,我们对我市城镇的1 954名哈萨克族(以下简称哈族)中学生进行了视力情况调查。1对象与方法1.1对象:阿勒泰市城镇的1 954名在校的哈族中学生,     

深圳市中学生结核病防治知识知晓途径及其影响因素调查

目的了解深圳市中学生结核病防治知识的知晓途径及其影响因素。方法本研究采用横断面现况调查的流行病学研究方法,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,利用"3.24结核病防治日"在深圳各区抽取24所学校16 174名学生,知晓途径问卷设计5个选项,分别是学校教育、媒体宣传、医院宣传、课外阅读和其他。结果按不同类别统计,学校教育、媒体宣传与其他途径均在获得途径顺位的前3,是中学生获得结核病防治知识的最有效途径;文化程度、性别、年龄、每天学习时间、每天睡眠时间、锻炼时间,是否有学习压力,家庭收入,是影响知晓途径的因素。结论今后在学校健康教育工作中应针对这一特点,制定相关政策措施。     

Assessing the Potential Influence of Asthma on Student Attendance/Absence in Public Elementary Schools

Objectives: Student health, well-being, and productivity are determined in part by attending school daily. Increased annual average daily attendance (ADA) increases public funding for school district–based enrichment programs. Asthma is reported as the number 1 cause of American school absenteeism due to chronic illness; however, only limited, estimated national data exist. Accurate, precise ways to assess potential disparities in disease-driven absence do not yet exist. The authors summarize part of their community-based participatory research (CBPR), namely planning then testing a set of matching field sheet (data collection) and computer-based spreadsheets (database) based on previous school-based research to track attendance and reasons for absence. Methods: The CBPR process occurred mid-2005 to mid-2008, with final activities in DeKalb County, Georgia, August–December 2007 (fall semester) for this portion. The authors tracked absence, with an ability to examine data overall and at classroom, grade, and school levels by gender, race/ethnicity, and doctor-diagnosed asthma as reported to schools on student emergency cards. Results: The authors characterized their study sample, consisting of 914 4th–5th grade children (overall, 9.2% of children with asthma) from seven randomly selected, consenting participating schools (n = 21 classrooms per grade, 2 to 4 classrooms per grade per school). Six schools used paper versions of tools while one school used electronic versions. The authors presented attendance results in various aggregated manners. Absence was higher (ADA lower) among 4th grade asthmatic students compared to the entire classroom. Conclusions: This study can inform future interdisciplinary school-based research combining health and student academic productivity, adult work performance outcomes, and other measures.     

Effect of hand sanitizer use on elementary school absenteeism

BACKGROUND: Several studies have indicated a connection between handwashing and illness-related absenteeism in school settings. The difficulty of ensuring consistent and effective handwashing among student populations has also been noted. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the use of an alcohol gel hand sanitizer in the classroom to help decrease the illness-related absentee rate for elementary school students. METHODS: This study involved 5 individual school districts, 16 individual schools, and more than 6000 students in Delaware, Ohio, Tennessee, and California. Individual schools in each district were paired into product and control groups. In the product group schools, an alcohol gel hand sanitizer was used by the students and staff when entering and leaving the classroom. Absenteeism due to infection was recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The overall reduction in absenteeism due to infection in the schools included in this study was 19.8% for schools that used an alcohol gel hand sanitizer compared with the control schools (P <.05). Data from the school system with the largest teacher population (n = 246) showed that teacher absenteeism decreased 10.1% (trend) in the schools where sanitizer was used. CONCLUSION: Elementary school absenteeism due to infection is significantly reduced when an alcohol gel hand sanitizer is used in the classroom as part of a hand hygiene program.     

四川省中小学生血吸虫病防治健康相关行为影响因素分析

目的　应用多水平多因素logistic模型分析四川省中小学生血吸虫病防治健康相关行为影响因素,为制定四川省中小学生血吸虫病防控策略提供理论依据。方法　采用多阶段抽样法,在四川省63个血吸虫病流行县（市、区）中,每个县（市、区）抽取5个流行乡（镇）,每个乡（镇）选择1所小学4～6年级100名学生和1所初中1～3年级100名学生作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方式对上述对象进行血吸虫病防治健康相关行为调查,采用单因素分析及多水平多因素logistic模型对学生疫水接触行为影响因素进行分析。结果　共发放问卷62 200份,回收问卷59 134份,其中有效问卷56 510份。56 510名调查对象中,初中生22 955名,小学生33 555名;男生28 297名,女生28 213名。男生疫水接触行为比例显著高于女生（P < 0.001）,重度流行区学生疫水接触行为比例高于轻度流行区（P < 0.001）,初中生与小学生疫水接触行为比例差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。多水平多因素logistic分析表明,知识、信念、自我效能水平越高,疫水接触行为比例越低（P < 0.001）,且在县级水平上学生疫水接触行为存在一定聚集性（P < 0.001）。结论　四川省中小学生疫水接触行为在县级水平上存在一定聚集性,在制定中小学生血吸虫病健康教育策略及措施时应同时考虑个体、环境的影响。     

Asthma Knowledge and Asthma Management Behavior in Urban Elementary School Teachers

Background. Although schools are an important setting for asthma care in youth, teachers’ asthma knowledge and symptom management is poor. This study investigated the knowledge, prevention and management behaviors, and communication regarding asthma of teachers of low-income, ethnic minority students. It was hypothesized that relative to colleagues whose students did not have active asthma (i.e., did not have symptoms during the day), teachers of students with active asthma would have better asthma knowledge and that more would take asthma prevention steps and communicate with parents and school nurses. Methods. Drawing from 25 elementary schools in New York City, 320 pre-Kindergarten through 5th grade classroom teachers with at least one student with asthma completed measures assessing their asthma knowledge, steps taken to manage asthma, communication with the school nurse or parents, information they received about asthma, and whether or not they had at least one student in their class experience asthma symptoms. t test and chi-square were used to test hypotheses. Results. Asthma knowledge varied among teachers. Most could identify potential triggers, yet few knew that medication taken prior to exercise could prevent symptoms and that students with asthma need not avoid exercise. Communication between teachers and school nurses and between teachers and parents was lacking. Relative to colleagues whose students did not have active asthma, teachers whose students had active asthma had better asthma knowledge, more took steps to prevent students from having asthma symptoms, communicated with parents, and more initiated communication with the nurse. Conclusions. Teachers’ knowledge about asthma and asthma management is limited, especially among those whose students did not have active asthma. Teachers respond reactively to students who have symptoms in class by increasing prevention steps and communications with parents and the school nurse. A more proactive approach to managing asthma in schools is warranted.     

Intellectual faculties in patients with Alzheimer's disease regress to the level of a 4–5-year-old child

Background:   The present study investigated when children acquire the cognitive abilities and daily living skills that are lost in Alzheimer's disease.
Methods:   Among a total of 1046 students in kindergarten and elementary schools affiliated with Gunma University, Japan, five female and five male students in each grade were selected at random and examined by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and physical self-maintenance scale (PSMS). For comparison, a total of 135 outpatients with Alzheimer's disease were examined. The results of MMSE and PSMS from the first visit to Gunma University Hospital after the onset of Alzheimer's disease were used.
Results:   The MMSE score gradually increased from 10 points in the 1st year of kindergarten (age 3 in Japan) to 29 points in the 6th grade of elementary school (age 11 in Japan). The PSMS score increased similarly from 3 points in the 1st year of kindergarten to 6 points in the 6th grade of elementary school. The mean scores of MMSE and PSMS were 17.3 and 3.7 in the Alzheimer patients' group. These findings suggested that cognitive and daily performance abilities examined by MMSE and PSMS are acquired in childhood during kindergarten and the early grades of elementary school.
Conclusion:   These cognitive and daily performance abilities of Alzheimer's disease outpatients regress to a level of a child between 4 and 5 years old. This simple understanding of Alzheimer's disease patients may contribute to further appropriate care by non-specialists and caregivers.     

Music related upper limb pain in schoolchildren.

Two British secondary schools (one a specialist music school) were surveyed to assess the prevalence of upper limb pain among specialist music students compared with students in a regular school setting. Female students tended to report pain more often than male students, but for both significantly higher prevalence was found in the music school. Pain in the regular school was most often attributed to writing, whereas in the music school it was associated with the playing of all instruments, but most particularly with cello, clarinet, and flute. Music students reported long hours of practice, but it appeared that the intensity of practice may be more important as a determinant of pain than the total hours spent practising. The results of the study are in substantial agreement with those previously published from Australia and North America. On the balance of probabilities the pain is due to overuse syndrome, which is very common in musicians and well known in writers.     

Cost-free and sustainable incentive increases healthy eating decisions during elementary school lunch

We aimed to develop a cost-free and sustainable program to influence healthier eating decisions during elementary school lunch. Baseline food and beverage choices were assessed for 9 days during lunch service at two racially and economically diverse elementary schools in Spartanburg County, SC, USA. After being informed that the labeled items on the daily lunch menu represented the healthiest choice, students were allowed to ring a call bell in the cafeteria for public recognition when they chose all of the identified healthiest food and beverage items during lunch service. Using menus matched to the baseline phase, food and beverage choices were measured during a 9-day intervention phase. After 30 days, food and beverage choices were reassessed during a 3-day follow-up phase. Healthiest food & beverage choices increased 49% with >60% of students choosing non-flavored milk over flavored milk during the intervention phase. There was no difference in the success of the program between the two schools. The program continued and healthy eating decisions were significantly sustained at a 30-day follow-up assessment. Public recognition through bell ringing appears to be an effective practice to sustain increases in healthy eating decisions during elementary school lunch and warrants expansion to larger scale, longitudinal trials.     

Effectiveness of the GoActive intervention to increase physical activity in adolescents aged 13–14 years: a cluster randomised controlled trial

BackgroundAdolescent physical activity levels are low and are associated with rising disease risk and social disadvantage at increasingly early ages. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a school-based programme (GoActive) to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in adolescents.MethodsIn this cluster randomised controlled trial, non-fee-paying, co-educational schools including Year 9 students (aged 13–14 years) in Cambridgeshire or Essex, UK, were eligible for inclusion; within participating schools, all Year 9 students were eligible. Schools were computer-randomised (1:1) to either the control or intervention group, stratified by school-level pupil premium (below vs above county-specific median) and county (Cambridgeshire vs Essex). Measurement staff were masked to allocation; investigators were not masked because of necessary school contact. The iteratively developed, feasibility-tested and refined 12-week intervention trained older adolescents (mentors) and in-class peer leaders to encourage classes to undertake two new weekly activities. Training sessions consisted of an initial session between facilitators and mentors lasting at least 1 h followed by six 30 min meetings every week during the first six weeks and meetings approximately every 2 weeks thereafter. Mentors met with peer leaders weekly. Students and classes gained points and rewards for activity in and out of school. The primary outcome was mean daily minutes of accelerometer-assessed MVPA at 10 months post-intervention, assessed in the complete case population (ie, all students who had a 10-month post-intervention measurement and [in the intervention group] wore the accelerometer) under the intention-to-treat principle, and in the per-protocol population (ie, students who also reported weekly class activities and logged points). Ethical approval was granted from the University of Cambridge Psychology Ethics Committee (PRE.126.2016). This study is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials registry, number ISRCTN31583496.FindingsOf 103 eligible schools, 16 enrolled in the study. 2862 Year 9 students were eligible, of whom 1319 were in the eight control schools (mean of 165 [SD 62] students per school) and 1543 were in the eight intervention schools (mean 193 [SD 43] per school; intraclass correlation coefficient=0·03 for school-level MVPA). 2167 (76%) of 2862 students had a 10-month post-intervention measurement; we analysed the primary outcome in 1874 participants (65%) due to expected low levels of accelerometer wear (871 [66%] in control schools; 1003 [65%] in intervention schools); analyses were adequately powered to detect an effect. At 10 months, time spent doing MVPA did not differ significantly between adolescents at intervention schools versus those at control schools (mean difference –1·91 min [95% CI –5·53 to 1·70]; p=0·32). In the per protocol population (285 students in intervention schools and 871 in control schools at 10 months), results were similar (mean difference –1·87 min [–6·80 to 3·06]; p=0·47]).InterpretationThe rigorously developed school-based GoActive intervention was no more effective than standard school practice at increasing adolescent physical activity. Authorities should be cautious about commissioning and proliferating school-based health promotion strategies and realistic about expectations of effect.FundingUK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research Programme (13/90/18).     

山东省中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况调查

目的 目的 了解山东省疟疾流行区二类县中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况, 为制定疟疾防治措施提供依据。方法 方法 采用横断面调查方法, 统一设计调查问卷, 调查山东省5个二类县中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况。结果 结果 共调查中小学 生1 884人, 疟疾防治知识总体知晓率为65.9%, 其中54.7%的学生知晓疟疾的传播途径, 31.5%的学生知道预防疟疾的有 效方法。不同疟疾流行区学生疟疾防治知识得分差异有统计学意义 （F = 172.245, P＜0.01）, 而不同性别、 不同学段学生疟 疾防治知识知晓率差异无统计学意义 （χ2 =3.064、 3.790, P均＞0.05）。结论 结论 山东省中小学生疟疾防治知识知晓率尚处于 较低水平, 应加强中小学生疟疾防治知识健康教育的力度。