灯盏花素治疗急性脑梗死对超敏C反应蛋白的影响及疗效机制

目的 探讨灯盏花素治疗急性脑梗死对超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的影响及疗效机制.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELLSA法)分别在第2、7、14天检测治疗组、对照组、健康对照组血清hsCRP水平.观察并记录病例治疗前及治疗后第7、14、30天的神经功能评分.结果 急性脑梗死患者血清hsCRP水平较健康对照组明显增高,血清hsCRP水平与神经功能缺损程度呈正相关;治疗组血清hsCRP水平在治疗后第7、14天较对照组明显降低(P＜0.05),神经功能评分在治疗后第7、14、30天时与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);治疗组未见明显不良反应.结论 血清hsCRP水平与脑梗死及病情严重程度密切相关,是脑梗死的危险因素.灯盏花素治疗急性脑梗死时可降低hsCRP水平,抑制急性脑梗死后的血管炎性反应,减轻神经功能障碍,改善脑梗死患者预后.灯盏花素治疗急性脑梗死具有一定的疗效及安全性.     

巴曲酶对急性脑梗死的临床疗效观察

目的观察早期使用巴曲酶对急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 44例急性脑梗死患者(起病6-72h内)随机分成巴曲酶治疗组和常规治疗对照组,巴曲酶治疗组在常规治疗基础上同时在入院后第1、3、5d予巴曲酶10BU、5BU、5BU静脉滴注治疗.治疗前后进行血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)测定和进行神经功能缺损评分.结果治疗组经治疗后FIB水平下降非常显著(P＜0.01),神经功能缺损评分降低显著(P＜0.05);对照组治疗前后血纤维蛋白原、神经功能缺损评分无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论距起病6～72h的巴曲酶早期使用仍可显著改善临床症状.     

加减通窍活血汤治疗急性脑梗死60例临床观察

目的:探讨加减通窍活血汤治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效及对血清高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)含量变化的影响。方法:将60例ACI患者随机分为两组。治疗组30例,予基础治疗并予加减通窍活血汤;对照组30例,予基础治疗。治疗14d后进行疾病疗效、中医证候疗效评价,神经功能缺损评分及血清hsCRP水平测定。结果:治疗后两组患者均取得明显疗效,提高NIHSS评分(P<0.05),两组均可改善中医证候表现,降低hsCRP水平,其中治疗组更为明显(P<0.05)。结论:加减通窍活血汤对急性脑梗死患者具有一定的疗效,其机理可能与影响患者hsCRP水平有关。     

脑梗死患者急性期高敏C反应蛋白的变化与丁苯酞对其的影响

目的:探讨脑梗死患者急性期高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的变化与丁苯酞治疗对其的影响.方法:将急性脑梗死患者76例随机分为丁苯酞治疗组及对照组各38例,在确诊24 h内和治疗7 d、14 d测定血清hsCRP水平,及进行神经功能缺损评分.结果:急性脑梗死患者血清hsCRP浓度高于正常值,治疗14 d后两组hsCRP均下降.且治疗组明显低于对照组(P<0.01).结论:早期应用丁苯酞治疗可以显著降低急性脑梗死患者血清hsCRP水平.减轻炎症反应,改善脑梗死病情及预后.     

巴曲酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死91例临床护理

目的:探讨巴曲酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效.方法:将172例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组91例和对照组81例,两组均给予常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上采用巴曲酶第1天 10BU,第3、5天各5BU静脉滴注;对照组在常规治疗基础上采用低分子右旋糖酐注射液500ml加复方丹参注射液16ml静脉滴注.比较两组的疗效.结果:治疗组神经功能缺损评分及临床疗效均优于对照组,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:巴曲酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著,安全性好,无明显不良反应.     

巴曲酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死91例临床护理

目的：探讨巴曲酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法：将172例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组91例和对照组81例，两组均给予常规治疗，治疗组在此基础上采用巴曲酶第1天10BU，第3、5天各5BU静脉滴注；对照组在常规治疗基础上采用低分子右旋糖酐注射液500ml加复方丹参注射液16ml静脉滴注。比较两组的疗效。结果：治疗组神经功能缺损评分及临床疗效均优于对照组，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈O．05）。结论：巴曲酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死疗效显著，安全性好，无明显不良反应。     

巴曲酶联合立普妥治疗急性脑梗死疗效评价

目的:观察巴曲酶联合立普妥治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效.方法:急性脑梗死患者124例随机分为对照组31例,立普妥组31例,巴曲酶组31例,联合组31例.对照组给予抗血小板凝集、脱水,降颅压等常规治疗;立普妥组在常规治疗基础上给予立普妥20mg,1次/d,每晚口服,疗程1～2个月;巴曲酶组在常规治疗基础上给予巴曲酶,首次剂量10 BU,并于治疗第3天,第5天分别用5 BU,均以生理盐水100 mL稀释后,静脉滴注,1次/d,30 min 内滴完;联合组立普妥用法同立普妥组,巴曲酶用法同巴曲酶组.4组疗程均为20 d.比较4组治疗前、治疗后7,15,20 d神经功能缺损评分、日常生活活动量表评分及不良反应.结果:4组治疗15,20 d后神经功能缺损评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);联合组治疗7,15,20 d后神经功能缺损评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),治疗20 d后神经功能缺损评分低于巴曲酶组和立普妥组(P<0.05).4组治疗20 d后日常生活活动量表评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),联合组高于巴曲酶组、立普妥组、对照组(P<0.05).4组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:立普妥联舍巴曲酶可提高急性脑梗死疗效,且不增加不良反应发生率.     

急性脑梗死患者血清IL-17、hs-CRP及TNF-α的动态变化及临床意义

目的观察急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清白细胞介素(IL)-17、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的动态变化,分析其与脑梗死体积及神经功能缺损程度的关系。方法选取ACI患者45例设为研究组,同期健康体检者35例为对照组,酶联免疫吸附法测定血清IL-17、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平。结果研究组入院后第1天,血清IL-17、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),随后逐渐下降,各时间点间差异显著,至第14天仍显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);入院第7、14天脑梗死体积及NIHSS评分显著下降(P<0.01);血清IL-17在入院第1天与脑梗死体积、NIHSS评分正相关(P<0.05);hs-CRP、TNF-α水平在入院第1、7、14天均与脑梗死体积和NIHSS评分正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 ACI患者血清IL-17、hs-CRP及TNF-α水平显著升高,呈现动态变化过程,且与脑梗死体积和神经功能缺损程度相关,可作为评估病情变化的参考指标。     

急性脑梗死患者神经功能受损程度与血清谷氨酸水平的动态变化

目的:观察脑梗死后患者血清谷氨酸浓度的动态变化情况,并探讨其变化与神经功能受损程度的关系。方法:2002-08/2004-10内蒙古科技大学第一附属医院收治30例急性脑梗死患者,入院后进行神经功能缺损评分,并在其起病后1,3,7,14d采用高效液相色谱分析法连续检测血清谷氨酸浓度。并与同期健康体检者30例抽取一次的血清测谷氨酸浓度作为对照组观察。结果:神经功能缺损评分0～15分(轻度)12例和16～30分(中度)12例患者的血清谷氨酸浓度发病后第1天分别为(64.49±15.12)和(75.34±15.18)mmol/L,发病第3天分别为(80.79±13.24)和(95.71±11.56)mmol/L,发病第7天分别为(71.54±10.38)和(83.17±12.96)mmol/L,均低于同期神经功能缺损评分31～45分(重6例者犤(98.21±18.76),(128.29±17.96),(89.35±10.26)mmol/L,F=20.66,P均<0.05犦。脑梗死组在病程第1,3,7天3个时间点上血清谷氨酸浓度为(78.42±19.25),(98.78±22.97),(80.90±12.77)mmol/L,与对照组犤(55.32±11.62)mmol/L犦相比,差异有显著性意义(F=73,P<0.05)。至第14天,血清谷氨酸水平犤(55.80±11.12)mmol/L犦接近正常水平。结论:脑梗死后血清谷氨酸浓度在第3天最高,逐渐下降,至第14天接近正常,其升高程度与神经功能受损程度正相关。     

急性脑梗死患者血清白细胞介素18的动态改变

背景已证实白细胞介素18参与了急性脑梗死的发病过程,并与脑卒中发病时间,患者血沉变化及神经功能缺损程度和脑CT的低密度值成正相关.目的观察急性脑梗死患者血清白细胞介素18水平随发病时间的变化而发生的动态改变.设计以患者为观察对象,以健康者为对照组的验证性分析.单位一所市级医院神经内科.对象选择2002-11/2004-01茂名市人民医院神经内科的住院急性脑梗死患者46例,男29例,女17例.健康对照组40例均为本院健康体检者,男27例,女13例.均知情同意.方法所有病例均于发病后第1天,第7天,第14天,第21天4次,健康对照组于体检当天空腹,均抽取外周静脉血2 mL,3 000 r/min,4℃,离心15 min,取血清.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素18水平.主要观察指标急性脑梗死患者发病后第1天,第7天,第14天,第21天和健康对照组的血清白细胞介素18水平.结果纳入分析的46例患者,40例健康对照者血样合格,均进入结果分析.①急性脑梗死患者的血清白细胞介素18水平在发病后的第1天和第7天均明显高于健康对照组[(178±41)ng/L,(104±34)ng/L,(65±14)ng/L,P均＜0.01],而发病后的第14天和第21天的白细胞介素18水平则与健康对照组基本一致[(88±36)ng/L,(72±33)ng/L,(65±14)ng/L,P均＞0.05].急性脑梗死患者第1天的血清白细胞介素18水平明显高于第7天,第14天,第21天(P＜0.05～0.01);第7天的血清白细胞介素18水平高于第21天(P＜0.05).结论白细胞介素18水平在发生急性脑梗死第1天时明显升高,随发病和治疗时间的延长,其水平逐渐下降.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.