龙香散药理作用观察

药理实验研究表明，龙香散可明显对抗蛋白胨及鲜啤酒酵母对大鼠的致热作用，对抗角叉菜胶对大鼠及小鼠的致炎作用，增加小鼠免疫器官重量，亦可提高小鼠常压耐缺氧能力，实验结果提示，龙香散可能有多方面的药理作用及临床功效。     

龙香散镇痛镇静作用初探

本文观察了龙香散的镇痛、镇静等药理作用，实验结果表明，该方药可明显提高小鼠的疼痛阈值；对戊巴比妥纳有明显的协同作用，提示龙香散具有良好的镇痛、镇静作用。     

醒神液对中枢神经系统兴奋性的影响

目的：观察醒神液对中枢神经系统（CNS）兴奋性的影响。方法：灌胃给药5次，观察睡眠实验、中枢兴奋实验和耐缺氧实验。结果：醒神液能缩短戊巴比妥钠睡眠持续时间，而对苯巴比妥钠睡眠实验无明显影响；醒神液有对抗苦味毒兴奋CNS的作用，延长惊厥潜伏期、减少惊厥死亡率，起镇静抗惊厥作用；醒神液能延长小鼠耐缺氧存活时间。结论：醒神液对CNS兴奋性有双向调节作用。     

芳香开窍药和祛痰药对中药神经系统兴奋性的影响

目的：观察芳香开窍药和祛痰药对CNS兴奋性的影响。方法：灌胃给药5次，观察睡眠实验，中枢兴奋实验和耐缺氧试验。结果：（1）芳香开窍药能缩短戊巴比妥钠持续睡眠时间，以冰片的作用最强；冰片还能延长苯巴比妥钠入睡时间,而石菖蒲则能延长苯巴比妥钠睡眠持续时间。祛痰药对睡眠实验影响不大。（2）芳香开窍药对抗苦味毒兴奋CNS，对镇静抗惊厥作用（麝香的作用未达到统计学意义）；而祛痰药中只有瓜蒌有此作用，其它药对此无明显作用。（3）芳香开窍药石菖蒲，冰片能延长小鼠耐氧存活时间；而祛痰药无此作用。结论：芳香开窍药对CNS兴奋性有较强的双向调节作用；而祛痰药对CNS兴奋性的作用较弱。     

龙香散镇痛作用及作用机制

目的:研究龙香散乙醇提取物的镇痛活性,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法:采用小鼠乙酸、光热、福尔马林致痛法及记录硝酸甘油型偏头痛大鼠行为症状变化,观察龙香散醇提物的镇痛作用;通过纳络酮拮抗实验和测定炎性组织PGE2含量分析其作用机制。结果:龙香散醇提物3.1g、1.55g、0.78g/kg能明显减少小鼠扭体次数、延长甩尾时间,抑制福尔马林引起的Ⅰ、Ⅱ相疼痛。醇提物2.4g、1.2g/kg显著减少偏头痛大鼠挠头、爬笼次数。纳络酮仅部分翻转龙香散醇提物3.1g/kg的镇痛作用,且醇提物3.1g、1.55、0.78g/kg明显降低炎症组织PGE2含量。结论:龙香散醇提物有显著镇痛作用,该作用与激活阿片受体和抑制PGE2有关。     

安神中药药理研究方法综述

安神中药药理研究的主要实验方法有自主活动测试(抖笼法、空场实验、洞板实验等)、睡眠实验、对抗中枢兴奋实验。关于自主活动主要的评价指标有动物的活动次数、走格数、运动路程、钻头次数及持续时间;睡眠实验的指标有睡眠动物数、睡眠潜伏期和持续时间;对抗中枢兴奋实验的指标有惊厥动物数、惊厥潜伏期和持续时间。针对现有的实验方法、评价指标及其意义进行综述,为建立适合中医药特点的安神中药药理研究方法提供参考。     

石菖蒲对中枢神经系统兴奋-镇静作用研究

目的 :观察石菖蒲提取液对中枢神经系统兴奋 -镇静的作用。方法 :腹腔注射给药3次 ,观察睡眠实验和中枢兴奋实验。结果 :石菖蒲水提液和醇提液有协同戊巴比妥钠睡眠作用 ;醇提液和挥发油有协同士的宁兴奋脊髓的作用 ;水提液和醇提液有协同苦味毒兴奋中枢神经系统的作用 ,使抽搐次数和死亡率增加 ;而挥发油则有对抗苦味毒兴奋作用 ,起镇静抗惊厥作用。结论 :石菖蒲醇提液有兴奋脊髓、中脑和大脑的作用 ;水提液主要兴奋中脑和大脑 ;而挥发油既兴奋脊髓 ,又有抑制中脑和大脑的作用     

醒脑散的BOLD-fMRI脑功能成像研究

目的：利用BOLD-fMRI技术研究醒脑散对脑功能的影响，探索醒脑散的中枢机制。结果：醒脑散可明显激活小脑、桥脑、右侧楔叶、左侧舌回、双侧颞下回等脑区。结论：桥脑中的网状结构，对意识觉醒起关键作用，距状沟上下的楔叶和舌回是经典的视觉中枢，实验结果为醒脑散的作用机理提供了客观的可视性实验依据。     

石菖蒲对中枢神经系统兴奋—镇静作用研究

目的：观察石菖蒲提取液对中枢神经系统兴奋－镇静的作用。方法：腹腔注射给药3次,观察睡眠实验和中枢兴奋实验。结果：石菖蒲水提液和醇提液有协同戊巴比妥钠睡眠作用;醇提液和挥发油有协同士的宁兴奋脊髓的作用;水提液和醇提液有协同苦味毒兴奋中枢神经系统的作用,使抽搐次数和死亡率增加;而挥发油则有对抗苦味毒兴奋作用,起镇静抗惊厥作用。结论：石菖蒲醇提液有兴奋脊髓、中脑和大脑的作用;水提液主要兴奋中脑和大脑;而挥发油既兴奋脊髓,又有抑制中脑和大脑的作用。     

小半夏加茯苓汤止吐作用的实验研究

用传统公认的致吐剂——硫酸铜灌胃及静脉注射制作呕吐动物模型［１］，观察小半夏加茯苓汤灌胃给药防治硫酸酮致吐的作用，发现小半夏加茯苓汤能对抗硫酸铜引起的呕吐，并发现小半夏加茯苓汤能使小鼠小肠蠕动作用减慢及中枢镇静作用加强。同时发现小半夏加茯苓汤能对抗顺氨氯铂兴奋胃肠平滑肌的作用，使胃肠平滑肌运动频率减慢、强度减弱；使肠平滑肌强直收缩次数及呕吐次数明显减少，使肠平滑肌肌电活动频率、峰电位数和峰电位强度明显降低。     

姜油对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

目的:研究姜油对中枢神经系统的药理作用。方法:采用小鼠自主活动法、延长戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间法、抗硝酸士的宁致惊厥试验法及醋酸诱导扭体反应和热板致痛试验法,观察姜油的镇静催眠、抗惊厥和镇痛作用。结果:姜油能明显减少小鼠自发活动,延长戊巴比妥钠阈剂量睡眠时间,延长小鼠发生惊厥的潜伏期,大剂量能减少醋酸致小鼠扭体反应次数及抑制热板引起的疼痛。结论:姜油具有显著的中枢抑制作用。     

Neuropharmacological activities of the crude alkaloidal fraction from stems of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir.

The crude alkaloidal (CA) fraction from the stem of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir. was studied for its pharmacological activity on the central nervous system (CNS) of animals. The CA fraction was found to produce symptoms of CNS depression in conscious rats and mice, viz. reduction in spontaneous motility, potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time, prolongation of latency of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole and antinociception. However, the fraction could not antagonize oxotremorine-induced tremor. The observations suggest that the CA fraction possesses a CNS depressant activity.     

Pharmacological properties of a lyophilizate from Galeopsis ladanum on the central nervous system of rodents

The influence of a fraction obtained from Galeopsis ladanum L. on the central nervous system of rodents was examined. The results of these investigations show that the fraction impeded CNS activity. It is practically nontoxic and at a dose of 2000 mg/kg i.p. it does not have a soporific influence on mice. It reduces considerably the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice as well as the locomotor activity of mice stimulated by caffeine, but did not influence the locomotor activity induced by amphetamine. The extract did not exhibit a synergetic effect with barbiturates. The results suggest that the pharmacological activity of the extract resembled the activity of drugs which generally depress the CNS, being on the border between ataractic and sedative drugs.     

水稻总黄酮对小鼠学习记忆的促进作用

目的:观察水稻总黄酮对小鼠学习记忆功能的影响。方法:采用小鼠跳台法和避暗法。结果:水稻总黄酮对M-胆碱能抑制剂樟柳碱致小鼠脑记忆获得障碍、蛋白质生物合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺致小鼠脑记忆巩固障碍、中枢抑制剂乙醇致小鼠脑记忆再现障碍、脑缺血再灌注损伤小鼠的学习记忆功能均有明显的改善作用。结论:本文提示水稻总黄酮有促智作用,这对于治疗老年性痴呆具有重要意义。     

茉莉花根提取液对小鼠中枢神经的抑制作用

目的观察茉莉花根提取液(茉根液)对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法随机分组观察小鼠灌服茉根液后的活动次数,不同时间入睡数以及与戊巴比妥钠的协同作用。结果茉根液可抑制苯丙胺引起的运动性兴奋,对小鼠的中枢神经系统亦有抑制作用,并可达到催眠的功效,茉根液与戊巴比妥钠合用可增强其作用。结论茉根液是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂,具有镇静催眠的作用。     

腹腔注射复方银杏叶液对小鼠的镇痛作用

目的 :研究复方银杏叶液 (CGS)的镇痛作用。方法 :在小鼠扭体和热板反应模型上观察其用药后扭体数和舔足潜伏期的变化 ,在小鼠温浴法模型上观察甩尾潜伏期的变化 ,并在小鼠耳片肿胀模型上观察小鼠耳片肿胀度。结果 :复方银杏叶液 (CGS) 2 5、5 0、10 0 mg· kg- lip分别显著减少小鼠扭体数 ,显著延长小鼠舔足潜伏期及小鼠温水浴甩尾潜伏期 ,并呈一定的剂量依赖性关系 ,复方银杏叶液 (CGS) 2 5、5 0、10 0 m g·kg- 1 ip显著抑制二甲苯诱导耳片水肿形成。结论 :复方银杏叶液 (CGS)有明显的镇痛作用     

Pharmacological investigations of Hibiscus micranthus Linn., a febrifuge used in Saudi Arabian folk medicine

The ethanolic extract of Hibiscus micranthus Linn. has been studied for its pharmacological activities. It has been found to produce significant inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma pouch in rats and significant reduction in yeast induced hyperpyrexia in mice. It failed to produce any analgesic activity on the hot plate reaction time test in mice. On the hematological and biochemical parameters it produced a significant prolongation of prothrombin time, a decrease in the fibrinogen content and marked hyperglycemia in rats. It also produced significant neuromuscular blocking activity on both the models used in this study. Apart from these, it exhibited slight inotropic and chronotropic effects on isolated rabbit heart and a mild CNS stimulant effect. Further studies on the isolation of its active phytoconstituents and their pharmacological actions are being undertaken.     

Preliminary pharmacological studies on Piper chaba stem bark

Piper chaba Hunter (Piperaceae) is a common pepper in the southern part of Bangladesh. Various parts of this plant have been extensively used in different traditional formulations including ayurveda. In order to rationalize the ethnomedical uses of this plant in a number of ailments, the methanol extract of the stem bark was subjected to preliminary evaluation for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-diarrhoeal, effect on gastrointestinal motility and CNS depressant activity in mice and rat at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight doses. The extract at given doses significantly and dose dependently reduced the frequency of acetic acid induced writhing in mice, prolonged the tail flicking latency in mice, reduced Carrageenan-induced paw edema volume in rat, delayed the onset as well as reduced the frequency of castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes in mice, decreased gastrointestinal motility as assessed by the charcoal motility test in mice and prolonged pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice. However at the same doses, the extract exhibited moderate diuretic activity only at the highest dose.     

Studies on the constituents of the leaves of Nerium oleander on behavior pattern in mice

Fresh, undried and uncrushed leaves of Nerium oleander were subjected to methanol extraction and bioassay directed fractionation. This led to the isolation of two purified fractions namely, B-1 and B-3. Fractions B-1 and B-3 were studied with respect to their actions on the central nervous system and behavior pattern in mice. Both fractions were found to produce reduction in locomotor activity, rota rod performance and potentiation of hexobarbital sleeping time. These fractions also showed analgesic activity. When tested against picrotoxin induced convulsions fraction B-1 showed 40% protection, while fraction B-3 exhibited 60% protection against bicuculline induced convulsions. These findings suggest that both fractions possess a CNS depressant action.     

中国林蛙卵油的抗惊厥作用及其与单胺神经递质的关系

 目的探讨中国林蛙卵油(egg oil of Rana temporaria chensinensis David,EORTCD)抗惊厥作用及其与单胺神经递质的关系。方法以士的宁为致惊厥剂,评价EORTCD抗惊厥活性的时效和量效关系;采用离子对反相液相色谱-电化学检测法(HPLC-EC)测定小鼠大脑和脊髓内单胺类递质及其代谢产物,包括去甲肾上腺素(NA)、肾上腺素(E)、多巴胺(DA)和5.羟色胺(5-HT)、高香草酸(HVA),5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)。结果灌胃给药EORTCD30min,其抗惊厥作用效果最好,呈现良好的剂量-效应关系;士的宁使脊髓的NA,5-HT,HVA显著减少,促进5-HT的消除,抑制多巴胺的转换。士的宁也抑制脑内多巴胺的转换。EORTCD可对抗士的宁对脊髓NA和HVA的抑制作用。恢复DA神经系统的代谢模式,对抗士的宁导致的5-HT下降和分解的加强,使5-HT的转换恢复到正常水平。对士的宁惊厥小鼠大脑单胺神经递质则无显著影响。结论推测EORTCD抗士的宁惊厥的途径是通过调节脊髓单胺神经递质而发挥作用。