低位直肠癌低位前切除的合理性和可行性(摘要)

低位直肠癌行保肛手术的比例日益增多,但其合理性和可行性却仍有不少争议。近5年来,作者对16例低位直肠癌施行低位、超低位Dixon术各8例。12例已随访1年以上,其中7例已随访3年以上,排便功能基本良好,复发1例,复发率6.25%。结果表明,低位直肠癌施行低位、超低位Dixon术是合理的、可行的。作者认为,只要病例选择适当,注重手术技巧并恰当运用吻合器,以及辅以必要的综合治疗,低位、超低位Dixon术治疗低位直肠癌,其根治性及生存质量均优于Miles术;其可行性也不亚于Miles术。     

低位直肠癌行超低位保肛术的适应证与术式选择

目的：探讨低位直肠癌施行超低位保肛术的适应证、术式选择和疗效。方法：对116例Dukes A2-C1期的低位直肠癌行超低位Dixon术49例、Welch术31例、Parks术36例，术后随访3-10年。结果：肿瘤局部复发18例（15．5％）；Dixon术、Welch术和Parks术的局部复发率分别是14．3％、16．1％和16．7％，吻合口瘘发生率分别是4．1％、6．5％和2．8％。差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。DukesA2期、B期和C1期的局部复发率分别是5．3％、11．8％和38．1％，后者与前两者差异显著（P〈0．05、0．01）。术后6个月排便功能均恢复正常。结论：保肛术宜限用于Dukes A-B期的低位直肠癌患者。肛肠通道重建术式可按个体情况及设备条件进行选择。     

低位直肠癌低位前切除的合理性及技巧

1992年7月至1996年8月对19例低位直肠癌施行低位Diton术，其中属超低位吻合者8例，除2例使用EEA吻合器外，其余6例均经手法缝合获得成功．全组无手术死亡和术后并发症，随访1年以上者8例．其中3例已超过3年，未发现复发或转移，排便功能基本良好．结果表明，低位直肠癌施行低位、超低位Dixon术是合理的．可行的．选择合适病例．注重手术技巧以及辅以必要综合治疗，是低位、超低位直肠前切除端端吻合术(Dixon术)取得成功的关键所在。     

低位直肠癌的保肛手术(附90例报告)

目的探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术的术式选择及其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院1997年7月至2002年7月期间行低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗的90例患者的临床资料。结果行低位直肠癌保肛手术者占同期的66．2％（90／136）。90例中距肛缘5cm以内者14例，5～8cm者76例；行Dixon术84例，经肛门局部切除术4例，Parks术2例。术后发生吻合口漏8例，其中Dixon术7例，Parks术1例；肛门狭窄2例，其中Dixon术1例，Parks术1例；无手术死亡。90例患者术后均获随访，64例随访23～59个月，中位随访时间为39个月，其中Dixon术59例，Parks术2例，局部切除术3例。局部复发6例，其中Dixon术5例，局部切除术1例。结论Dixon术是低位直肠癌保肛手术的主要术式；在严格掌握适应证的情况下，可考虑施行低位直肠癌的局部切除术。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗的临床分析

目的为探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术的可行性。方法回顾分析低位直肠癌保肛手术45例的治疗资料，其中行低位前切除术24例，超低位前切除术9例，Bacon术4例，Parks术8例。结果术后出现并发症吻合口出血4例，吻合口漏5例，切口感染2例。术后随访1～7年，局部复发率为15．6％，5年生存率53．3％；而同期Miles术式分别为13．7％，58．6％两者结果相差无几。结论认为保肛手术只要完善患者病情的术前评估，严格合理地选择手术适应证，实施全直肠系膜切除术，低位直肠癌保肛手术是可行的。     

低位直肠癌保肛手术探讨

目的：探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术的适应证及疗效。方法：回顾性分析32例低位直肠癌保肛手术。结果：低位直肠癌保肛率为41％。其中Dixon手术22例，Parks手术5例，Bacon手术5例。术后排便功能优良，无围手术期死亡。吻合瘘2例(6.2％)；1年内吻合口狭窄3例(9．4％)，局部复发5例(17．9％)。结论：低位直肠癌如果病例选择适当行保肛手术，并不影响疗效，并且提高了病人的术后生存质量。     

低位直肠癌的保肛手术:附320例报告

目的 探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术的适应证，术式选择及疗效。方法 回顾性分析手术后≥5年的320例低位直肠癌行保肛手术治疗患者的临床资料，比较各种术式的5年生存率、局部复发率及死亡率。结果低位直肠癌保肛率为58．5％(320／547)。术后发生吻合口漏为4例(1．25％)，1年内吻合口狭窄发生26例(8．13％)，术后排便情况以加做结肠末端粪袋成形术者为佳。5年生存率及吻合口局部复发率：Dixon手术组为63．24％，10．27％；Park手术组为66．67％，5．13％；局部切除手术组为89．46％，10．7l％。5年盆腔软组织复发ll例(3．44％)。全组手术死亡2例(0．6％)。结论 低位或超低位结肠一直肠吻合术是低位直肠癌保肛手术的主要术式。在严格掌握适应证的情况下，可考虑施行低位直肠癌的局部切除术。低位直肠癌保肛手术并不影响5年生存率和局部复发率，术后并发症的发生与术式选择无关，辅助性的结肠末端粪袋成形术，有利于改善低位直肠癌保肛术后的排便功能。     

腹腔镜下行低位直肠癌Dixon术10例报告

目的探讨在腹腔镜下对低位直肠癌行Dixon术的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2004年3月-2006年12月在腹腔镜下对低位直肠癌行Dixon术10例的临床资料。结果本组10例中除1例因侵犯前列腺而中转开腹外，余者均顺利完成Dixon术。平均手术时间160min，平均术中出血量180ml。术后无吻合口出血、吻合口漏等并发症发生。术后平均住院时间9．5d。术后随访3～28个月，术后8个月出现肝脏、腹腔广泛转移，于术后10个月死亡1例。结论在腹腔镜下对低位直肠癌行Dixon术是安全可行的，且创伤更小，恢复更快。     

荷包缝合钳代替直线型吻合器行直肠癌低位保肛术

目的 探讨经济、实用、安全的直肠癌低位保肛手术方法。方法 对245例中低位直肠癌患者按全直肠系膜切除术(TME)要求切除直肠，荷包缝合钳封闭直肠残端，管型直肠吻合器行低位保肛术。结果 低位前切除106例，超低位前切除117例，结肠肛管吻合术22例。本组切缘均无肿瘤残留。术后出现吻合口瘘10例(4．1％)，均经横结肠造瘘后痊愈；尿潴留16例(6．5％)；手术死亡1例(0．4％)。结论 用荷包缝合钳代替直线型吻合器行直肠癌低位保肛术安全、简便、经济。     

双吻合器低位前切除术治疗低位直肠癌

1993年1月至1996年12月，笔采用双吻合器低位前切除术治疗直肠癌183例，占同期全部直肠癌242的75．62％，其中属低位主肠癌124例，占同期低位直肺癌174例的71．26％。内有61例属超低位吻合音(吻合距肛缘≤3cm)，占低位主肠癌的35．06％和低位前切除术49.19％。本组无手术死亡。在此124例低位直肠癌行双吻合器低位前切除术患中，术后发生吻合口漏5例，占4．03％；吻合口狭窄14例，占11．29％；术后出现局部复发8例，直发率为6.45％，其中属吻合口复发3例，盆腔复发5例。本组资料充分显示低位直肠癌时应用双吻合器低位前切除术行保肛手术，不但显提高了肛门保留的成功率，也保证了最佳的性便功能，是一个安全、有效的首选保肛术式。     

腹腔镜联合折刀位直肠癌腹会阴根治术

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合折刀位直肠癌腹会阴根治术(Miles手术)的可行性.方法:2008年6月至2010年7月为38例低位直肠癌及肛管癌患者施行腹腔镜腹会阴根治术,15例以常规截石位行腹腔镜手术(截石位组),23例先折刀位行会阴部手术,再取平卧位行腹腔镜腹部手术(折刀位组).对比分析两组患者手术情况、术后开始下床活动时间...     

Respiratory effects of the kneeling prone position for low back surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The kneeling prone position is often used for low back surgery in order to decrease intraoperative bleeding and increase the surgical exposure of the vertebral canal. The aim of this study was to assess effects of the kneeling prone position on respiratory gas exchange focusing on oxygen consumption and early changes in oxygenation. METHODS: Thirty ASA I-II patients scheduled for low back surgery in the kneeling prone position were studied. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, 1.2% end-tidal concentration. Respiratory gas exchange was measured with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: When the patients were turned into the kneeling prone position their oxygenation was immediately improved--measured by arterial oxygen tension and arterial oxygen saturation. The oxygen uptake rate did not change from a baseline supine level of 76 mL min(-1) m(-2), but the carbon dioxide excretion rate decreased from a baseline supine value of 71 mL min(-1) m(-2) to 66 mL min(-1) m(-2) at 5 and 10 min after the kneeling prone position was adopted. Alveolar ventilation decreased in the kneeling prone position. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates that the kneeling prone position improves oxygenation and that the mechanisms involved are fast in onset. Furthermore, the prone position does not change oxygen consumption although alveolar ventilation is significantly reduced. The changes in alveolar ventilation could possibly be the result of circulatory changes caused by the prone position, but further studies are needed to clarify that hypothesis.     

低位直肠癌保肛手术临床应用效果探讨

目的探讨低位直肠癌保肛手术临床指征和应用效果,评价吻合器吻合法在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用。方法回顾性分析实施低位直肠癌保肛术的67例患者临床资料和随访情况,分析低位直肠癌保肛手术的临床治疗效果,探讨手术适应证和术式选择;并与非保肛的52例患者临床和随访资料进行比较分析。结果有完整临床手术和随访资料的低位直肠癌患者119例,行保肛手术67例,保肛率56.3%。上述病例均随访5年以上。保肛组5年生存率为89.5%,非保肛组为69.2%,二者差异有统计学意义。局部复发率分别为:保肛组4.5%,非保肛组9.6%,二者比较差异无统计学意义。手术并发症的发生率非保肛组明显高于保肛组。结论低位直肠癌中,肿瘤下缘距离肛缘不<4.5 cm、癌肿直径<3 cm、肉眼未见浸润迹象、已有远处转移但局部病灶仍可根治者均可作为保肛手术的适应证,吻合器吻合法大大提高了低位直肠癌的手术适应证,取得了满意临床效果,值得推广应用。     

The influence of body position on pulmonary function in low birthweight babies.

The influence of the prone and supine body positions on the respiratory rate, arterial pH, pO2, pCO2 and serum bicarbonate level; on alveolar pO2 and pCO2; and on alveolar/arterial gradients for carbon dioxide and oxygen, were compared in 10 low birthweight infants. THE ALveolar pCO2 was higher in the prone, while pO2 was higher in the supine position, possibly as a result of ventilation/perfusion imbalance with increased physiological dead space in the supine position. There were no significant differences between the other parameters studied. Since aspiration of feed by the low birthweight infant is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, evidence is presented in favour of the prone nursing position.     

双器械吻合联合全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用(附48例报告)

我国直肠癌以低位直肠癌多见,约占全部直肠癌的70%.随着对低位直肠癌生物学特性、浸润及淋巴结转移规律研究的不断深入,低位直肠癌中选择部分病例实施保肛可以达到根治.近3年,我们利用双器械吻合技术(double stapling technique,DST),在全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)的基础上完成低位直肠癌保肛手术48例,现就其适应证及其根治性、安全性、术后排便功能加以探讨.     

Severe low back pain and muscular weakness in the thigh following urological surgery in the hyperlordotic position

A 57-year-old male with prostatic cancer was scheduled for a radical prostatectomy under general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. An epidural catheter was introduced at the L 1-2 interspace without problem. The patient was placed in a hyperlordotic supine position with a bolster under his lower back for the seven and a half hour operation. Upon emergence from anesthesia, he complained of severe low back pain in addition to incisional pain. On the second postoperative day, the epidural catheter was removed. After residural analgesic effects had fully disappeared, he experienced muscular weakness in the left thigh and could not walk. Regional sensory loss and edema were also observed where pressure had been applied by the bolster, although spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging studies were almost normal. It took him seven weeks to walk without the support of a brace after surgery. Hyperextension of the lumbar spine could increase the pressure on the inferior vena cava which is transmitted to the intraspinal vein, and could lead to the disci intervertebrales compression and the stress on the facet joint. We believe that the primary cause of the presented symptoms was related to this position. Prolonged and/or excessive hyperlordosis during surgery should be avoided.     

非特异性腰痛患者坐-立位脊柱序列变化的研究

目的:研究非特异性腰痛(nonspecific low back pain,NLBP)患者坐-立位脊柱序列变化的特点。方法 :选择NLBP患者50例,其中男15例,女35例,年龄为48.0±10.7岁;同时招募50名健康志愿者作为对照组,其中男17例,女33例,年龄为45.2±10.6岁。采用脊柱形态测量仪(Spinalmouse誖)分别测量两组坐位及立位胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骶骨倾角(sacral inclination,SacHipJ)、倾角(inclination,Incl)。采用Wilcoxon检验,分别对比各组坐位和立位的脊柱参数;采用Mann-Whitney U检验,对比两组立位脊柱参数、坐位脊柱参数及坐-立位脊柱参数变化量(difference value,D);采用Spearman检验,评估NLBP组腰痛的视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分与坐位LL、立位LL及D-LL的相关性;以30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁、60～69岁分为四个年龄段,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,对比NLBP组各年龄段坐位LL、立位LL及D-LL的差异。结果:立位变为坐位时,两组的TK、LL、SacHipJ均变小(P0.05),Incl均增大(P0.05);立位时,两组参数无统计学差异(P0.05);坐位时,NLBP组LL较对照组大,Incl较对照组小(P0.05);NLBP组D-TK、D-LL、D-Incl均较对照组小(P0.05)。NLBP组的VAS评分与立位及坐位LL相关性无统计学意义(P0.05),与D-LL呈弱的负相关(rs=-0.293,P0.05)。NLBP组坐位LL、立位LL及D-LL不同年龄段间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:NLBP患者坐-立位脊柱序列不同于健康人群,表现为坐位时LL较健康受试者大,而从立位转变为坐位时,除骨盆后旋外,胸椎与腰椎曲度变小及躯干前移的变化量均较健康受试者小。     

The role of paraspinal muscle spindles in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain

STUDY DESIGN: A two-group experimental design with repeated measures on one factor was used. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of paraspinal muscle spindles in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Proprioceptive deficits have been identified in patients with low back pain. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not well documented. METHODS: Lumbosacral position sense was determined before, during, and after lumbar paraspinal muscle vibration in 23 young patients with low back pain and in 21 control subjects. Position sense was estimated by calculating the mean absolute error, constant error, and variable error between six criterion and reproduction sacral tilt angles. RESULTS: Repositioning accuracy was significantly lower in the patient group than in healthy individuals (absolute error difference between groups = 2.7 degrees, P < 0.0001). Multifidus muscle vibration induced a significant muscle-lengthening illusion that resulted in an undershooting of the target position in healthy individuals (constant error = -3.1 degrees, P < 0.0001). Conversely, the position sense scores of the patient group did not display an increase in negative directional error but a significant improvement in position sense during muscle vibration (P < 0.05). No significant differences in absolute error were found between the first and last trial in the healthy individuals (P >/= 0.05) and in the patient group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with low back pain have a less refined position sense than healthy individuals, possibly because of an altered paraspinal muscle spindle afference and central processing of this sensory input. Furthermore, muscle vibration can be an interesting expedient for improving proprioception and enhancing local muscle control.