经导管封堵治疗成人巨大房间隔缺损的临床疗效及其安全性

目的通过对巨大型房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)封堵术后的随访观察,评价经导管封堵ASD的临床疗效与安全性。方法选择在我科成功进行经导管封堵治疗、ASD直径在30mm以上并完成1年以上随访的87例患者为研究对象,分别记录患者术前、术中及术后随访资料,分别术后3d、1、6个月及1年各查心电图及经胸超声心动图(TTE)1次,并对所有资料进行回顾性分析。结果 87例ASD患者TTE测量ASD直径30~38(33.8±1.85)mm,置入封堵器直径36~42(39.2±1.38)mm。术中2例发生一过性Ⅰ度及Ⅱ度房室传导阻滞,1例发生一过性窦性心动过缓。在长达1年的随访期间,所有患者右心房、右心室内径均明显缩小(P<0.05),左心室舒张末期内径则逐渐增大,但仍在正常范围。随访1年时,2例患者遗留完全性右束支传导阻滞,无严重并发症发生。结论经导管封堵巨大ASD安全、有效,术后右心房及右心室可逐渐恢复正常,达到根治ASD之目的。     

致心律失常性右心室发育不全的临床特点

目的分析一组致心律失常性右心室发育不全患者的临床特点。方法１７例致心律失常性右心室发育不全患者纳入研究对象，对其就诊原因、体表及动态心电图、电生理、心室晚电位、放射性同位素及超声心动图检查作综合性分析。结果１７例患者均因反复发作心悸、胸闷就诊，７例伴有晕厥，查体无阳性体征。体表及动态心电图均可录及室性早搏，室早连发成串或短阵室速，ＱＲＳ形态呈左束支传导阻滞图形，频率７５～１５０次／ｍｉｎ，持续时间最长２ｍｉｎ１５ｓ超声心动图显示１５例右室壁瘤样膨出或变薄。１３例伴室壁收缩活动减弱，６例收缩活动消失，８例行心室晚电位检查多为阳性，５例做核素检查示ＲＶＥＦ值＜８０％。７例８次做电生理检查，测定其窦房结、希氏束电图各值均正常，经右室电刺激可诱发左束支传导阻滞图形室速。结论ＡＲＶＤ病变累及右心室、反复发作室早或（和）室速伴胸闷、心悸伴或不伴晕厥，查体无阳性发现，程序刺激可诱发室速。     

充血性心肌病发生心律失常研究

目的研究充血性心肌病(CM)发生心律失常的特点。方法129例CM患者均行常规心电图、24h动态心电图检查,对CM患者进行心律失常研究。结果CM发生心律失常为:室性期前收缩与室性心动过速78例(60.5%),房室传导阻滞21例(16.3%),心房颤动34例(26.4%),束支传导阻滞35例(27.1%),窦性心动过速8例(6.2%),病态窦房结综合征4例(3.1%)。室性期前收缩与室性心动过速患者组左室舒张末内径[(69.6±12.0)mm]同无室性期前收缩和室性心动过速组相比[(64.0±13.2)mm]无显著差异(P>0.05)。房室传导阻滞、束支传导阻滞组左室舒张末内径为[(69.2±15.2)mm],与无房室传导阻滞和束支传导阻滞组[(65.2±10.8)mm]相比有显著差异,P<0.05。结论CM患者发生心律失常以室性期前收缩与室性心动过速最常见,房室传导阻滞、束支传导阻滞组与无此种心律失常的CM组LVED有明显差异。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病化学消融术后1周内心电图变化与临床疗效研究

目的分析肥厚型梗阻性心肌病化学消融术后1周内的心电图变化与临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2015年6月廊坊市人民医院接受经皮经室间隔心肌化学消融术治疗的75例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者的临床资料。比较术前与术后1周内的QT间期、QRS时间、RV5+SV1值变化及主要心律失常类型,观察患者超声心动图的变化。结果术后1周,肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左心室高电压、左前分支阻滞比例低于术前[36.0%(27/75)比53.3%(40/70),2.7%(2/75)比12.0%(9/75)],完全性右束支传导阻滞、异常Q波比例高于术前[41.3%(31/75)比6.7%(5/75),42.7%(32/75)比26.7%(20/75)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周,肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积大于术前[(77±21)m L比(70±20)m L,(32±8)m L比(29±10)m L],纽约心脏病协会心功能分级低于术前[(1.5±0.3)级比(3.4±0.4)级],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大多数肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者化学消融术后心电图发生明显改变,但并不影响手术的治疗效果,患者的临床症状及舒张功能得到明显改善,无严重并发症发生。     

扩张型心肌病T波峰-末间期与心室重构的研究

目的:探讨扩张型心肌病Tp-Te间期与左心室质量指数及左心室舒张末期内径的相关性。方法:分析2012年1月至2013年12月在川北医学院附属医院心内科已确诊为扩张型心病的92例患者入院时的心电图,男性54例,女性38例,平均年龄(58.46±13.19)岁,平均住院天数(12.86±4.81)d。测量所有实验者入院时第一份心电图V2导联Tp-Te间期值,同时采集实验者入院时超声心动图相关数据,并计算左心室质量指数。LVMI=LVM/体表面积(g/m2)。结果:扩心病人V2导联Tp-Te间期(0.114±0.019)ms与左心室质量指数(LVMI)(178.69±22.52)g/m2呈正相关(Person相关系数r=0.654,P<0.01);扩心病患者左心室舒张末期内径(LVD)与V2导联Tp-Te间期呈正相关(Person相关系数r=0.751,P<0.01)。结论:扩张型心肌病人心电图Tp-Te间期与左心室质量指数及左心室舒张末期内径的改变有显著相关性,Tp-Te间期对预测扩心病人左心室重构有一定临床意义。     

室间隔缺损患者介入治疗后的心律失常观察

目的探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)患者经导管室间隔封堵术(TCVSD)治疗后心律失常的发生情况及规律。方法选取经超声心动图临床表现诊断为VSD的患者共92例,对其心电图检查进行回顾性分析。结果束支传导阻滞占术后新发心律失常的33.33%,室性及室上性心律失常占29.17%,左心室高电压占27.08%,房室传导阻滞(AVB)占10.42%。3例术后3~7d发生Ⅰ度AVB,予以地塞米松(DXM)减轻水肿治疗后,其中2例术后11d~3周恢复正常,1例术后1月仍为Ⅰ度AVB。1例术后7d发生Ⅰ度AVB、一过性Ⅱ度AVB伴晕厥,经DXM治疗后,出院前心电图示Ⅰ度AVB,术后1月心电图随访正常。1例术后6d晕厥,心电图及心电监护示:Ⅰ度AVB、一过性Ⅲ度AVB、右束支传导阻滞(RBBB),立即予以激素和安装心脏临时起搏器治疗,术后10d恢复。结论TCVSD后1周内的心律失常主要表现为传导阻滞(包括束支传导阻滞和房室传导阻滞)、室性及室上性心律失常、左心室高电压。传导阻滞为术后最常见的心律失常类型,其中束支传导阻滞多发生于术后3~7d,以RBBB为主;房室传导阻滞多发生于术后5~7d,以Ⅰ度AVB多见。传导阻滞的发生可能与VSD部位、解剖结构、封堵器的张力及大小有关,此类患者术后应及早使用激素治疗,加强跟踪随访。室性及室上性心律失常、左心室高电压一般可自行恢复,无须干预。对于那些符合介入治疗适应证标准,但分流量仍较大、存在多处缺损的患者,术后1~3d不宜大量补液,以免加重心脏负担。     

肥厚型心肌病与室性心律失常的关系探讨

目的　探讨肥厚型心肌病 (HCM )患者的左心室肥厚程度与室性心律失常的关系。方法　对 79例HCM患者分别行动态心电图、超声心动图检测 ,对照分析危险与非危险性室性心律失常的左心室肥厚程度、左心室流出道梗阻与舒张功能情况。结果　危险与非危险性室性心律失常间的左心室壁厚度、左心室舒张功能差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1或0 .0 5 ) ,梗塞型的危险性心律失常发生率明显多于非梗塞型 (χ2 =4.2 0 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肥厚型心肌病危险性心律失常的发生率与左心室肥厚的程度及流出道梗阻有关。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗膜部室缺远期疗效评价

目的 :观察应用 Amplatzer偏心性封堵器经导管介入治疗先天性膜部室间隔缺损 (PMVSD)的远期疗效。 方法 :2 5例患者术前由经胸超声心动图 (TTE)确诊 PMVSD,术中经左心室造影明确缺损直径为 3～ 15 (6 .5 6± 2 .78) mm ;在透视及经胸超声心动图监视下经导管置入 Am platzer偏心性封堵器封堵 PMVSD;术后 3d、3个月、6个月及 1年分别行经胸超声心动图、心电图和 X线检查 ,评价治疗效果。结果:全组技术成功率为 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何严重并发症。除 1例外其他封堵器在随访中位置良好 ,3个月、6个月、1年随访时 TTE测左室舒张末期内径明显缩小 (P <0 .0 5 )。心电图检查术后 12 h内除 1例发生完全性左束支传导阻滞 ,没有严重心律失常发生 ;3个月随访时 3例 (14 .2 % )心电图新出现束支传导阻滞。术后 3d X线胸片提示肺充血有不同程度减轻 ,3个月、6个月、1年时胸片示心胸比例缩小 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :经导管置入 Amplatzer偏心性封堵器治疗 PMVSD是一种成功率高、并发症轻、远期疗效可靠的介入方法。     

高位硬膜外阻滞治疗顽固性心律失常一例

患者男,51岁。因反复心悸、晕厥5年于1988年10月入院。超声心动图检查示左心室增大呈球形,室壁运动减弱,左室射血分数(LVEF)为37％。24h动态心电图(Holter)检查示:频发室早,非持续性室性心动过速(简称室速)。诊断:扩张型心肌病,心律失常。长期口服抗心律失常药物普罗帕酮(心律平)、胺碘酮(可达龙)治疗,疗效欠佳。1998年     

超声心动图在妊娠期糖尿病胎儿心脏结构及功能评价中的应用研究

目的应用超声心动图评价妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)胎儿心脏结构及功能的变化。方法选取30例妊娠期糖尿病患者(GDM组)和同期42例正常妊娠孕妇(对照组),应用胎儿超声心动图检查胎儿心脏,测量卵圆孔径(FOD)、左房横径、右房内径、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、右心室舒张末期内径(RVEDD)、右心室收缩末期内径(RVESD)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)、左室壁厚度(LVWT)及右室壁厚度(RVWT),二尖瓣E、A峰血流速度比(MV E/A)、三尖瓣E、A峰血流速度比(TV E/A)、左心室输出量(LVCO)、右心室输出量(RVCO)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左室射血分数(LVEF),右室短轴缩短率(RVFS)。结果 GDM组胎儿IVSd、RVWT指标明显高于对照组,而FOD、MV E/A、TV E/A、RVFS低于对照组(P 0. 05)。GDM组LVWT、左右房室内径、左右心输出量、左室收缩功能与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 GDM可影响胎儿的心脏结构及功能,超声心动图是评价GDM胎儿心脏结构和功能的重要方法。     

致心律失常性右心室心肌病临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features of arrthythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), and to evaluate the diagnosis of ARVC. METHODS: Twenty-three cases of ARVC underwent ECG, chest x-ray, Holter, transesophageal atrial pacing (TEAP) and intracardiac electrophysiological examination. RESULTS: A syncope attack occurred; the percentage of frequent ventricular premature beats was 95.7%, salvos of the right ventricular originated ventricular tachycardia (VT) was 87%, and the right bundle branch block (RBBB) demonstrated by ECG was 87%; UCG showed that the enlarged right ventricular diametric was (50.1 +/- 8.83) mm, and the right atrium diametric was (48 +/- 8.79) mm; the ratio of right ventricular diametric to left ventricular diametric in the end-diastolic period was 1.09. The right ventricular function [ejection fraction: (0.325 +/- 0.0902)] decreased, which was confirmed by echocardiogram. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of ARVE can be established on the basis of the repeated syncope attack; RBBB, frequent ventricular premature beats, VT of LBBB patterms, an enlarged right heart and decreased right ventricular function can be found, the ratio of right ventricular dimaetric to left ventricular diametric increases in the end-diastolic period.     

Clinical and familial study of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Objective　To explore the characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods　Seven patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 34 members of three families were studied. All patients and family members underwent history collection, clinical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) and a signal averaging electrocardiogram. Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed in five patients. Results　All patients and family members had normal morphologic characteristics and normal function of the left ventricular by 2-DE. Fourteen persons had abnormal findings indicating ARVC. Five had enlargement of the right ventricular with diffused hypocontractility, eight had thin and systolic bulging in the focal anterior wall with hypokinesia and one had bulging of the inferior wall. Twenty-five persons (seven patients and 18 family members) had abnormal findings in ECG. Positive ventricular late potential was recorded in 13 persons (six patients). Two to three monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) configurations were induced in five patients. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in two patients during the electrophysiologic study (EPS). Five patients had very high pacing threshold and/or ineffective pacing in one or many regions of the right ventricle. Two members of one family died suddenly. One member was a dwarf with ARVC. Spontaneous VT with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) configuration was recorded in five patients, polymorphic VT with extremely short coupling interval in one, and premature ventricular complexes with LBBB configuration in 12 (six patients). Conclusion　Our familial study strongly suggests that ARVC may be a hereditary disease and it is helpful in the diagnosis and detection of ARVC. The most common manifestations were abnormal structure and function of the right ventricle and abnormal ECG of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmia which originates from the right ventricle.     

特发性室速的临床特点分析

目的探讨特发性室速的临床特点.方法收集23例特发性室速和21例病因明确的继发性室速病人的资料,分别从临床表现、心电图特点和治疗进行对比分析.结果两组比较,特发性室速病人年龄较轻,病程较长,出现晕厥及血压下降者较少;室速发作时,左室特发性室速心电图主要表现为右束支传导阻滞(RBBB) 电轴左偏,右室特发性室速主要表现为左束支传导阻滞(LBBB) 电轴右偏(或下偏):射频消融对特发性室速治愈率高,并发症少;特发性室速预后好.结论掌握特发性室速的临床特点,有利于此类病人的诊断、治疗和预后判断.     

致心律失常型右心室心肌病伴发心律失常性心肌病1例

致心律失常型右心室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy,ARVC)是一种遗传性心肌病,以右心室心肌被纤维和脂肪组织替代为病理特征,约50％的患者双心室受累[1].西方人群该病患病率约为1/5000 ～1/1000,临床比较少见.在该病发展的不同阶段,先后出现心律失常、右心室结构及功能异常以及全心衰竭等临床表现,是35岁以下人群心脏性猝死(sudden cardiac death,SCD)的重要原因之一[2].该病的心律失常以室性心律失常为特征,但房性心律失常同样很多见,长时间的快速性房性心律失常可以导致心功能进一步恶化.本文报告1例北京大学第三医院收治的ARVC伴发房性心动过速,并导致心律失常性心肌病的病例.     

致心律失常型右心室心肌病伴发心律失常性心肌病1例

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a kind of inherited cardio-myopathy, which is characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of right ventricular myocardium, leading to ventricular arrhythmia. However, rapid atrial arrhythmias are also common, including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia. Long term rapid atrial arrhythmia can lead to further deterioration of cardiac function. This case is a 51-year-old male. He was admitted to Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital with palpitation and fatigue after exercise. Electrocardiogram showed incessant atrial tachycardia. Echocardiography revealed dilation of all his four chambers, especially the right ventricle, with the left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% and the right ventricular hypokinesis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging found that the right ventricle was significantly enlarged, and the right ventricular aneurysm had formed; the right ventricular ejection fraction was as low as 8%, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 35%. The patients met the diagnostic criteria of ARVC, and both left and right ventricles were involved. His physical activities were restricted, and metoprolol, digoxin, spironolactone and ramipril were given. Rivaroxaban was also given because atrial tachycardia could cause left atrial thrombosis and embolism. His atrial tachycardia converted spontaneously to normal sinus rhythm after these treatments. Since the patient had severe right ventricular dysfunction, frequent premature ventricular beats and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia on Holter monitoring, indicating a high risk of sudden death, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted. After discharge from hospital, physical activity restriction and the above medicines were continued. As rapid atrial arrhythmia could lead to inappropriate ICD shocks, amiodarone was added to prevent the recurrence of atrial tachycardia, and also control ventricular arrhythmia. After 6 months, echocardiography was repeated and showed that the left ventricle diameter was reduced significantly, and the left ventricular ejection fraction increased to 60%, while the size of right ventricle and right atrium decreased slightly. According to the clinical manifestations and outcomes, he was diagnosed with ARVC associated with arrhythmia induced cardiomyopathy. According to the results of his cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the patient had left ventricular involvement caused by ARVC, and the persistent atrial tachycardia led to left ventricular systolic dysfunction.     

原因不明晕厥病人电生理检查,心电图及动态心电图的初步分析

将41例原因不明晕厥病人的电生理检查(EPS)、心电图(ECG)及动态心电图(Hotler)结果作对比分析,结果表明:总体上,三者结果之间无一定关系,但对电生理指导治疗有效的20例分析的结果表明,ECG及Holter对房室结功能不良、希蒲系统功能不良及室性心动过速引起晕厥者,可能有提示作用,并可提供EPS的适应症。     

射频消融治疗起源心室流出道室性早搏

目的:报道起源心室流出道频发室性早搏的导管射频消融治疗结果。方法:采用起搏标测与激动顺序标测结合的方法对23例非器质性心脏病患者频发室性早搏行射频消融治疗。结果:19例室早起源右室流出道,其中间隔部为13例,游离壁6例;4例室早起源于左室流出道,2例为左冠状动脉窦口内,2例为流出道主动脉瓣下。21例患者消融一次成功,平均放电(4.6±3.3)次。2例患者为二次消融成功。24h动态心电记录术前、术后室早总数为(20846±3288)次/24h和(102±62)次/24h(n=16,P<0.001),临床症状基本消失,无并发症,平均随访(12±4.5)个月。结论:起源心室流出道频发药物治疗无效的室性早搏可选择导管射频消融治疗。     

Left posterior fascicular block: a new endpoint of ablation for verapamil-sensitive idiopathic ventricular tachycardia

Verapamil-sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia with a right bundle-branch block and left-axis deviation morphology, which occurs in young adults without structural heart disease is an uncommon but well described clinical arrhythmia. This ventricular tachycardia (VT) is known to be due to re-entry mechanism and the re-entrant circuit is localized in the left ventricular septum.1-10 However, the relationship between Purkinje potential and the reentrant circuit is still controversia…     

心房颤动患者短联律间期室性期前收缩易发部位研究

目的　探讨心房颤动患者短联律间期室性期前收缩的发生与心室解剖位置。方法　回顾性分析2016年厦门大学附属第一医院就诊的323例心心房颤动动伴室性期前收缩患者的24 h动态心电图。通过Lorenz散点图测量心房颤动患者室性期前收缩点集中最短联律间期,并采用逆向技术确定该室性期前收缩的起源部位。结果　室性期前收缩起源左、右心室心尖部的联律间期最短,测量值分别为（380±55）、（394±58）ms,二者比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;左心室心尖部短联律间期测量值低于左心室流入道、左心室流出道、右心室流入道、右心室流出道（t=4.89,P<0.01;t=5.61,P<0.01;t=3.90,P<0.01;t=5.99,P<0.01）;右心室心尖部短联律间期测量值低于左心室流入道、左心室流出道、右心室流入道、右心室流出道（t=2.18,P=0.03;t=3.09,P<0.01;t=2.07,P=0.04;t=3.11,P<0.01）。结论　心房颤动患者心尖部较易发生短联律间期的室性期前收缩,其可能与病理生理及心尖部的结构和功能有关。