Diagnostic value of thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation

A prospective study was carried out to compare clinical and biochemical thyroid states with responses of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in elderly patients with either atrial fibrillation (n = 75; mean age (SD) 79.3 (6.0) years) or sinus rhythm (n = 73; mean age 78.4 (5.6) years) admitted consecutively to the department of geriatric medicine. No patient in either group had symptoms or signs of hyperthyroidism. Overall, the TSH responses to TRH did not differ significantly between the two groups. Ten (13%) of the patients with atrial fibrillation (of whom four had raised thyroid hormone concentrations) and five (7%) of the patients with sinus rhythm showed no TSH response to TRH while 26% of each group (20 and 19 patients, respectively) showed a much reduced response. Only one of 13 patients with apparently isolated atrial fibrillation showed no TSH response to TRH, and none of these 13 patients was hyperthyroid. In particular, three patients (two with atrial fibrillation and one with sinus rhythm) who showed no TSH response to TRH at presentation exhibited a return of TSH response to TRH at follow up six weeks later. In conclusion, reduced or absent TSH responses to TRH are common in sick elderly patients whether they have atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm and whether they are euthyroid or hyperthyroid biochemically. An absence of response is therefore an uncertain marker of hyperthyroidism in these groups of patients, and diagnosis and ablative treatment should be based at least on the presence of raised circulating free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine concentrations, or both.     

Graves' ophthalmopathy and subclinical hypothyroidism: diagnostic value of the thyrotropin releasing hormone test.

Five patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and no previously documented clinical or laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism were studied. Their serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) and their T3 uptake were normal. Although the baseline serum level of thyrotropin (TSH) was normal in two patients, it was increased on the other three, and when TSH releasing hormone (TRH) was administered the T3 response was impaired in three patients and the TSH response was exaggerated in all five. These findings facilitated the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism and distinguished the patients from those with Graves' ophthalmopathy and normal thyroid function or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid antibodies were detected in the serum of four of the five patients, suggesting the coexistence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis; this disorder could account in part for the subclinical hypothyroidism, which was even present in the two patients in whom thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was found in the serum. These observations indicate the value of a TRH stimulation test in detecting subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who appear from clinical and routine laboratory studies to have normal thyroid function but could have normal function or subclinical hyperthyroidism.     

A sensitive immunoradiometric assay for serum thyroid stimulating hormone: a replacement for the thyrotrophin releasing hormone test?

The value as a thyroid function test of a new, rapid, and highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was assessed in 188 consecutive new patients with suspected hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and on the basis of serum total triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations and the response of TSH to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) as measured by radioimmunoassay. In all except one patient the basal TSH concentration by immunoradiometric assay predicted the response of TSH by radioimmunoassay to TRH, an undetectable value being recorded in patients with a subnormal response and a measurable value in those with a normal test result. This clear relation was not observed for basal TSH concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay. In a series of 39 hospital inpatients with acute or chronic non-thyroidal illness, of whom 11 had low concentrations of total thyroxine or triiodothyronine, or both, basal TSH concentrations were detectable by both radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometric assay in all cases and were associated with normal responses to TRH. The immunoradiometric assay for TSH, which is commercially available, may therefore obviate the need for the more time consuming TRH test and simplify the approach to thyroid function testing in patients with suspected hyperthyroidism.     

Hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate TSH secretion with associated hyperprolactinaemia--a case report and review of the literature.

A patient with inappropriate thyrotrophin (TSH) secretion is described. She initially presented with classical hyperthyroidism during pregnancy, responded to propylthiouracil and, subsequently, had a normal delivery. Hyperthyroidism persisted and 7.5 months later a subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. After a further 16 months, mild symptoms of hyperthyroidism recurred. She again responded to propylthiouracil, but developed galactorrhoea. At that stage, it was noted that she had persistently elevated circulating TSH in the presence of elevated T4 and T3 levels. Her symptomatology was mild, although objective indices of thyroid activity, including pulse rate, BMR, sex hormone binding globulin and cholesterol, were indicative of hyperthyroidism. CT scan and tomography of the sella were normal. She had a markedly exaggerated TSH response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). Basal TSH and responsiveness to TRH was suppressed by high dose dexamethasone. The TSH response to TRH was partially suppressed by exogenous T3, but there was no effect on basal TSH levels. TSH also decreased slightly with L-dopa and bromocriptine. Circulating TSH rose markedly during methimazole administration. TSH alpha and beta subunits were elevated and appropriate for the high TSH. In addition, both subunits increased following TRH. The patient had basal hyperprolactinaemia with an impaired prolactin (PRL) response to TRH and metoclopramide. PRL suppressed with L-dopa and bromocriptine. The remaining anterior pituitary function was intact. Most of the laboratory findings argue against the presence of a TSH producing pituitary tumour and the most likely cause for inappropriate TSH secretion in this patient is selective resistance of the thyrotroph to thyroid hormones. A mild element of peripheral resistance might also be present. The hyperprolactinaemia could be related to lactotroph resistance to thyroid hormone. The complexities of treatment in this patient are stressed. Therapy was initially attempted with low dose dexamethasone, but this had no effect. T3 treatment produced an exacerbation of her symptomatology and did not influence basal TSH, thyroid hormones, or 131I uptake. Bromocriptine administration for 11 months partially suppressed basal TSH without influencing T3 and there was an increase in T4. Methimazole did decrease her T4 and T3, but TSH and PRL rose to even greater levels. Her hyperthyroidism was eventually controlled with an ablative dose of 131I. Thyroid hormone will be given in an attempt to suppress her TSH.     

EFFECT OF THYROID HORMONE DOSAGE ON THYROID FUNCTION TESTS IN T4-REPLACED HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS

To examine the relative importance of serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4) and triiodo thyronine (T3) in monitoring adequate T4 dose in patients on T4-replacement therapy, the effect of T4 dose on total T4, fT4 and T3, basal thyroid stimulat- ing hormone (TSH) and TSH-response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRI'I) were investigated in 33 patients taking T4 doses of 50-200\µg/day. The T4- treated patients had highly elevated mean T4 (total and free) and lower basal TSH levels compared to the mean values in normal subjects. But serum T3 was not significantly different. The patients on T4 doses greater than 150Ug/day frequently had more suppressed TSH response tol TRH than those on T4 doses less than 150µg/day. Total T4 and T4, but not serum T3 levels, cerrelated significantly with T4 dosage. Changes in T4 dosage led to concomi tant changes in total T4 and fT4 and inverse changes in TSH-response to TRH. The study also revealed a high incidence (33%) of elevated serum fT4 (hyperthyroxinemia) dLtring therapy. The hyperthyroxinemic group was characterised by clevated serum T4 (total ancl free), T3 and T4 dose, and suppressed TSH-response to TRH compared to the T4-treated group with normal serum T4 Ievels. These findings may be indicative of excessive T4 treatment iri these patients and suggest serum T4 may be more useful than T3 in monitoring T4 dosage in T4-replacement therapy. The discrepancy between normal serum T4 levels and TSH-response to TRH may reflect hetero- geneity in returning normal function of the pituitary- thyroid axis. Clearly, measurement of TSH or TRH test can ~ot be used alone in assessing thyroid status iki these patients, particularly when serum T4 is in normal'range.     

Thyrotropin-and prolactin--secreting pituitary tumor dissociated hormonal response to bromocriptine

A 41-year-old male with recurrent hyperthyroidism resulting from pituitary tumor was studied. Because of recurrent hyperthyroidism, he had been treated with propylthiouracil for four years and had been operated. At the time of high serum thyroid hormone (T4: 20 micrograms/dl; T3:502 ng/dl), there was also elevated basal serum TSH level (55 microU/ml) which could not be suppressed by exogenous thyroid hormone administration. In addition, the serum TSH showed blunt response to intravenous TRH infusion. An elevated serum prolactin level was also observed (111 ng/ml). After bromocriptine administration (2.5 mg daily), the suppressibility of serum TSH level was found better than that of prolactin level. The existence of a TSH- and PRL-secreting pituitary tumor in this patient exhibited a dissociated hormonal response to low doses of dopaminergic agents.     

甲状腺功能异常与血脂水平相关性

目的研究甲状腺功能异常患者血脂水平紊乱的特点及甲状腺激素与血脂水平的相关性。方法根据临床诊断设甲亢组86例、甲减组67例,以正常体检人员36例为对照组,分析各组甲状腺激素与血脂水平的相关性。结果三组甲状腺激素检测指标、血脂检测指标差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）;游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）与血脂均存在不同程度的负相关,促甲状腺素（TSH）与血脂均存在不同程度的正相关。结论甲状腺功能异常常导致脂代谢的紊乱,甲状腺激素水平与血脂水平密切相关。     

Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism: a new look at their relationship and therapy with lidoflazine

Various kinds of dysrhythmias are found in association with hyperthyroidism but especially atrial fibrillation. The causal relationship of chronic atrial fibrillation and the endocrine disorder is controversial, as is its therapeutic management. Six patients with this particular combination of disorders were treated with lidoflazine: a new anti-anginal drug with anti-arrhythmic activity. All six patients returned to sinus rhythm on lidoflazine treatment although still hyperthyroid and remained in sinus rhythm during the follow up period ranging from 5 to 14 months. This occurred independently of antithyroid treatment. Some evidence is put forward that dysrhythmias and most commonly chronic atrial fibrillation are triggered off by hyperthyroidism or other disorders but that they are maintained by permanent cardiac damage due to arteriosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease or rheumatic valve disease.     

β型甲状腺激素抵抗综合征患者临床特点分析

背景　β型甲状腺激素抵抗综合征（RTHβ）属于罕见内分泌疾病,临床极易误诊、误治。目的　总结RTHβ患者的临床特点,为临床医师了解本病提供帮助。方法　选取2013-2016年于中国医科大学附属第一医院内分泌与代谢病科诊断为RTHβ的患者6例。回顾性分析6例RTHβ患者的临床资料,包括性别、诊断年龄、发病年龄、家族史、主诉、心电图检查结果、甲状腺触诊结果、甲状腺超声检查结果、甲状腺核素静态显像结果、甲状腺功能指标〔游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）〕、促甲状腺素受体抗体（TRAb）、性激素结合蛋白（SHBG）、血清铁蛋白、脂代谢指标、骨代谢指标、骨密度、基因测序情况等。结果　6例RTHβ患者的诊断年龄均高于发病年龄,患者在确诊RTHβ之前均被误诊为甲状腺功能亢进症,长期服用抗甲状腺药物治疗。患者主诉均存在心悸、多汗,3例伴心房颤动。6例患者甲状腺核素静态显像均显示甲状腺双叶摄取率增高。5例RTHβ患者甲状腺超声显示有甲状腺肿大,4例显示多发结节。6例RTHβ患者血清FT3、FT4水平升高,TSH水平在参考范围,且TRAb均为阴性;血清SHBG和血清铁蛋白均在参考范围;甲状腺激素受体（TR）β基因测序均存在点突变。结论　RTHβ的临床表现存在高度异质性,临床诊断时需注意与甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症区分,同时注意并非所有的RTHβ患者能检测出TRβ基因突变。对于高度怀疑为RTHβ的患者,可以采用促甲状腺素释放激素（TRH）兴奋试验、左旋-三碘甲腺原氨酸（L-T3）抑制试验或TRH兴奋试验联合L-T3抑制试验进行临床诊断。     

甲状腺疾病患者促甲状腺激素昼夜节律的观察

本文用高灵敏的免疫放射法(IRMA)测定血清促甲状腺激素(TSH),观察了某些甲状腺疾病患者的TSH昼夜节律。正常人具有TSH昼夜节律的特征。Graves病、继发性甲减、Graves眼病和部分非毒性结节性甲状腺肿患者TSH昼夜节律消失。原发性甲减患者TSH昼夜节律同正常人相似。研究结果表明,测定TSH昼夜节律有助于某些甲状腺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

甲状腺功能亢进症与血脂代谢的临床分析

目的探讨不同程度甲状腺功能亢进（简称甲亢）和病程对血脂的影响,并观察甲亢患者治疗后血脂谱的动态变化。方法收集甲亢患者和健康体检者,分别在初诊和药物治疗2个月后检测各组甲状腺功能与血脂水平。通过病史回顾的方法估计病程时间。结果重度甲亢组和中度甲亢组甘油三酯（TC）,总胆固醇（TG）与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）均有不同程度的降低。结论甲亢可引起血脂降低,随甲亢程度加重血脂降低明显,经治疗后,甲亢病情好转血脂逐渐恢复,血脂可先于甲状腺功能恢复正常。     

正常人群甲状腺自身抗体的临床分析

目的 :研究正常人群甲状腺自身抗体的特点。方法 :运用放射免疫法测定 32 4例正常人、12 5例Graves病 (GD)甲亢患者及 136例桥本甲状腺炎 (HT)甲减患者的甲状腺球蛋白 (TG)、反三碘甲腺原氨酸 (rT3)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸 (FT3)、游离甲状腺素 (FT4 )、超敏促甲状腺激素 (s TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体 (TGAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体 (TPOAb)、TSH受体抗体 (TRAb) ,分析正常人群甲状腺自身抗体的特点。结果 :正常人群TGAb、TPOAb、TRAb有一定阳性率 ,分别为 4 .94 % (16 /32 4 )、7.10 % (2 3/ 32 4 )、3.4 0 % (11/ 32 4 ) ,但滴度较低。与GD甲亢及HT甲减患者相比 ,甲状腺抗体阳性的正常人的TGAb、TPOAb、TRAb的滴度明显减低 (P <0 .0 5 )。甲状腺抗体阳性的正常人的TGAb、TPOAb、TRAb的滴度与甲状腺抗体阴性的正常人的TGAb、TPOAb、TRAb滴度相比无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :正常人群甲状腺自身抗体存在一定阳性率 ,但正常人群所出现的甲状腺抗体无致病作用。     

妊娠期甲状腺功能及抗体筛查对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨甲状腺功能及抗体筛查对孕妇妊娠结局的影响。方法 2012-10/2013-10月对750例孕妇行产前甲状腺功能筛查,另选取750名非妊娠妇女为对照组,分别采用免疫吸附法测定两组甲状腺过氧化酶抗体（thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb）、促甲状腺素（thyrotropin,TSH）、总甲状腺素（total thyroxine,TT4）、血清游离甲状腺素（serum free thyroxine,FT4）、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（free triiodothyronine,FT3）以及总三碘甲腺原氨酸（total triiodothyronine,TT3）水平。结果 750例孕妇中共发现甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）78例（10.40%）,甲状腺功能减退（甲减）62例（8.27%）,TPOAb阳性25例（3.33%）,而对照组中甲亢12例（1.60%）、甲减8例（1.07%）,TPOAb阳性78例（10.40%）,两组甲亢、甲减及TPOAb阳性率具有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。与正常妊娠组相比,甲减组患者早产、妊娠高血压、孕期贫血、孕期低体重、胎儿窘迫、孕期糖代谢异常发生率显著升高（P〈0.05）,而甲亢组患者子痫前期、孕期心脏病、流产、早产、胎儿窘迫、新生儿生长受限发生率显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论与正常妇女相比,妊娠妇女甲状腺功能异常发生率较高,应引起孕妇及医生的重视。妊娠期甲状腺功能异常患者不良妊娠结局发生率较高,因此临床工作者应重视妊娠期甲状腺功能筛查,做到早筛查,早诊治,以改善患者妊娠结局。     

亚临床甲状腺疾病与稽留流产的相关性研究

目的:分析亚临床甲状腺疾病与稽留流产相关性,降低稽留流产率.方法:收集稽留流产病人71例为观察组,正常妊娠孕妇80名为对照组,检测其血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)及甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMAb)水平并分组进行比较,随访妊娠结局.结果:观察组FT3、FT4、TSH、TGAb、TMAb水平与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组亚临床甲状腺疾病患病率高于对照组(P<0.01),主要为亚临床甲状腺功能减退(TSH增高型),甲状腺自身抗体及亚临床甲状腺功能亢进患病情况无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:亚临床甲状腺功能减退(TSH增高型)与稽留流产率有一定关系,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进及甲状腺自身抗体与稽留流产均无明显关系;亚临床甲状腺疾病对稽留流产的影响多作用于早孕期.     

5: Diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in Australia is Graves disease, caused by a defect in immunoregulation in genetically predisposed individuals, leading to production of thyroid-stimulating antibodies. Each of the three modalities of therapy for Graves disease--thionamide drugs, subtotal or total thyroidectomy, and radioactive iodine ablation--can render the patient euthyroid, but all have potential adverse effects and may not eliminate recurrences. Hypothyroidism occurs in about 5% of the adult population; most present with "subclinical" hypothyroidism (mild thyroid failure), characterised by raised levels of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) but normal free thyroxine (T(4)). The most common cause of hypothyroidism in Australia is autoimmune chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, characterised by raised circulating levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody. Symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism are often mild or subtle and, when there is clinical suspicion, thyroid function tests are needed; if serum TSH level is raised, free T(4) and thyroid peroxidase antibody should be measured. Replacement therapy with thyroxine is the cornerstone of therapy (1.6 microg/kg lean body weight daily, taken on an empty stomach); combination therapy with thyroxine and liothyronine (T(3)) is promoted, but there is little evidence of its clinical benefit. Despite the development of highly sensitive laboratory tests, clinical assessment and judgement remain paramount     

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a clinical situation where there is excess thyroid hormones in the circulation due to increased synthesis of hormone from a hyperactive thyroid gland. Common causes are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goitre and toxic solitary nodule. Excess thyroid hormones in the circulation are also found in thyroiditis (hormone leakage) and excess exogenous thyroxine intake. Thyrotoxicosis is the term applied when there is excess thyroid hormone in the circulation due to any cause. Thyrotoxicosis can be easily diagnosed by high serum level of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and low serum level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Hyperthyroidism is confirmed by high isotope (I 131 or Tc99) uptake by the thyroid gland, while in thyroiditis it will be low. Treatment of hyperthyroidism depends on the underlying cause. Antithyroid drugs, 1131 therapy and surgery are the options of treatment of hyperthyroidism. Surgery is the preferred treatment for toxic adenoma and toxic multinodular goitre, while 1131 therapy may be suitable in some cases. Antithyroid drugs and 1131 therapy are mostly preferred for Graves' disease. Beta-adrenergic blockers are used for symptomatic relief in most patients of thyrotoxicosis due to any cause. Other rare causes of hyperthyroidism like, amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis, choriocarcinoma, thyrotropin secreting pituitary tumour are difficult to diagnose as well as to treat.     

Long-term outcomes of treatment of hyperthyroidism in Ireland

Summary  We investigated the long-term outcome of treatment in 159 patients with hyperthyroidism first seen between 1979 and 1992. Median duration of follow-up was 10 1/2 years. We also enquired into current practice for the follow-up of hyperthyroidism by other endocrinologists in Ireland. Seven cases of unrecognised hyperthyroidism (4 per cent) and one of unrecognised hypothyroidism were identified. Among patients with Graves’ disease, of those treated with an antithyroid drug, 28 per cent were in remission, 68 per cent had relapsed and 4 per cent had become hypothyroid. Of those treated by sub-total thyroidectomy, 31 per cent were in remission, 19 per cent had relapsed, 19 per cent were hypothyroid and 31 per cent were sub-clinically hypothyroid. Among patients treated with radioiodine, 19 per cent were euthyroid, 3 per cent were still hyperthyroid and three-quarters had become hypothyroid. In contrast, after radioiodine for toxic nodular goitre, 63 per cent were euthyroid and only 32 per cent had become hypothyroid (Chi Squared v. Graves’ disease, P=0.001). Of 73 patients receiving thyroxine replacement, plasma TSH was normal in only 41 per cent, although 82 per cent of patients had been seen by the family doctor within the previous 12 months. Seven of 17 other endocrinologists undertook long-term follow-up of hyperthyroid patients in their specialist clinics but none was using a computerised system to co-ordinate this. The findings confirm that careful follow-up is required for all hyperthyroid patients. The family doctor is well positioned to undertake this, but education and auditing are required.     

Thyroid disorders in female patients with ankylosing spondylitis

The association between rheumatological and thyroid disorders has long been known, the most common being the association of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroiditis. Little is known as to possible thyroid involvement in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In 22 female patients with AS and 22 healthy age-matched control subjects parameters of thyroid gland function, rheumatic activity, as well as a subtle drug anamnesis of the rheumatic medication, and an ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland were determined. Thyroid function was tested by intravenous injection of 400 microg thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). In parallel basal levels of reverse-T3 (rT3), calcium and anti-thyroid antibodies were estimated. In the AS-group an enlarged thyroid volume was seen in 10 cases, basal FT4, FT3 and TT3 were significantly lower, TSH and TT4 were found to be in the normal range and rT3 was significantly increased. The prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies was significantly higher in the AS-group. The AS-patients responded as well as the controls with thyroid hormone secretion to TRH, within an observation period of 2 hours. No differences were observed in TSH response. Free serum calcium showed in both groups no significant difference. To summarize our results, female patients with AS showed a     

The effective evaluation of thyroid status in patients on phenytoin, carbamazepine or sodium valproate attending an epilepsy clinic

To assess the most efficient means of monitoring thyroid status in an epilepsy clinic, total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in 71 adult patients treated long-term with either phenytoin (DPH), carbamazepine (CBZ) or sodium valproate (VAL). Twenty-seven patients with one or more abnormal thyroid hormone results were further investigated by a thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) test and clinical assessment. T4 was found to be normal in 85% on VAL, 40% on CBZ and 39% on DPH. FT4 was normal in more patients, namely 95% on VAL, 70% on CBZ and 65% on DPH. The TRH tests indicated that FT4 was the most efficient screening test for hypothyroidism in this epileptic population. We estimate that the use of FT4 alone as a screening test would have reduced by 60% the number of TRH tests required.     

男性甲亢患者血清生殖激素水平测定

目的探讨男性甲亢患者生殖激素水平的改变状况和相互间的关系。方法采用体外放射免疫分析法测定患者血清甲状腺激素 (TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TSH、TGA、MCA)和生殖激素 (T、E2、LH、FSH)水平。结果男性甲亢患者血清T、E2值降低 ,FSH升高 ,LH与正常男性无异 ;T与E2水平呈正相关 ,与LH、FSH无明显相关性 ,FSH与LH间的相关性由不相关变为正相关 ;T与TT3、FT3、FT4呈负相关 ,FSH、LH与TSH呈正相关。结论男性甲亢患者血清生殖激素水平呈现T、E2降低改变 ,其T、E2降低程度除了与下丘脑 -垂体 -性腺轴功能紊乱有关外 ,还与甲状腺激素增高的程度呈负相关