External thermoregulation of wounds associated with lower-extremity osteomyelitis. A pilot study

External thermoregulation using noncontact normothermic wound therapy accelerates wound closure by second intention in areas of existing osteomyelitis before surgical excision compared with standard wound care. This pilot study consisted of two arms. The control arm received standard wound care, which resulted in complete ulcer healing at an average of 127 days. The treatment arm received noncontact normothermic wound therapy, which resulted in complete ulcer healing at an average of 59 days, or 54% faster than in the control arm. This new treatment allows the physician to decrease the rate of limb loss and recurrent osteomyelitis by decreasing the morbidity of bone reinfection through the wound bed. There have been no published studies or case presentations addressing thermoregulation in the management of wounds associated with osteomyelitis. Although noncontact normothermic wound therapy is not a direct treatment for osteomyelitis, this new treatment option results in significantly accelerated healing of wounds associated with osteomyelitis.     

Osteomyelitis following Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination

Secondary complications after Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination are unusual. We describe 3 immunocompetent children who developed osteomyelitis after BCG vaccination. The course of the disease is not dramatic, but marked changes are frequently visible in plain radiograph and MRI. The real-time polymerase chain reaction has an essential role to confirm the diagnosis of BCG osteomyelitis. With proper surgical intervention and chemotherapy, the prognosis is usually good.     

PDCA循环管理在手足口病患儿优质护理效果中的价值

目的：探讨PDCA循环管理在手足口病患儿优质护理体系建立中的应用效果。方法选择我院2010年12月~2013年12月收治的80例手足口病患儿,根据患儿接受管理模式的不同分为对照组（n=40）和观察组（n=40）,对照组患儿接受常规护理管理,观察组患儿接受PDCA循环管理。比较两组患儿并发症和患儿家属护理满意度。结果观察组患儿并发症发生率（2.50%）明显少于对照组（17.50%）,差异有显著性（χ2=5.000,P＜0.05）;观察组患儿家属SDS标准分、SAS标准分、护理满意度明显优于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论 PDCA循环管理能够明显降低手足口病患儿并发症的发生,提高患儿家属护理满意度,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

Prognosis and management of Crohn's disease in the over-55 age group.

The course, prognosis and management of 62 patients with Crohn''s disease aged 55 years or over at diagnosis has been reviewed. The distal ileus was the commonest site of disease in the older patient, where the characteristic presentation was acute after initially mild symptoms. Early local resection was often required, particularly where there was diagnostic doubt or suspicion of caecal malignancy. Recurrence rates were much lower in the older patient than after resection in younger patients. Medical treatment played a minor role in the management of patients with distal ileal disease, in part because stricture formation was present at diagnosis and the acute nature of symptoms at presentation led to early surgical treatment. Colonic Crohn''s disease was usually confined to the distal or left side of the colon and initially could be difficult to distinguish from diverticular disease. Extensive colonic Crohn''s disease was rare. The apparently limited disease was not necessarily associated with a good prognosis, since disease at this site sometimes progressed rapidly, necessitating urgent surgical resection. Medical treatment (corticosteriod therapy, with or without azathioprine) was usually effective initially for treatment of symptomatic colonic Crohn''s disease, but sustained remission was rare. Those patients with persistent symptoms were restored to good health with surgical treatment but at a price, in that nearly half eventually required a permanent stoma.     

脊柱化脓性骨髓炎手术治疗的新概念

脊柱化脓性骨髓炎虽然少见,但因其容易延误诊断而导致严重后果,其诊断和治疗仍然是具有挑战性的难题。文章介绍脊柱化脓性骨髓炎手术治疗的新进展,认为前路内固定是脊柱化脓性骨髓炎安全有效的手术方法。     

Management in the wound-care center outpatient setting of a diabetic patient with forefoot osteomyelitis using Cerament Bone Void Filler impregnated with vancomycin: off-label use

Several nonbiodegradable and biodegradable antibiotic cement delivery systems are available for the delivery of antibiotics for adjunctive therapy in the management of osteomyelitis. A major nonbiodegradable delivery system is polymethylmethacrylate beads. Antibiotics that can be incorporated into this delivery system are limited to the heat-stable antibiotics vancomycin and aminoglycosides, tobramycin being the most popular. Calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite (Cerament Bone Void Filler) is a unique biocompatible and biodegradable ceramic bone void filler that can successfully deliver heat-stable and heat-unstable antibiotics in musculoskeletal infections. The use of Cerament as antibiotic beads has not been previously reported. An off-label case of diabetic foot osteomyelitis successfully managed with surgical bone resection and vancomycin Cerament antibiotic beads is presented. Subsequent surgery for the bone infection and staged removal of the antibiotic beads was not necessary.     

Puncture wound related pseudomonas infections of the foot in children

Eleven children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection complicating foot puncture wounds were reviewed. Delay in presentation (mean 2 days) and diagnosis (mean 9 days) due to a paucity of clinical signs of deep infection was characteristic of this condition. Septic arthritis (5 patients) and osteomyelitis (3 patients) were frequent complications. Treatment involved multiple surgical debridements and prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy. The clinical outcome was good although long-term radiographic changes were common.     

小儿硬化性骨髓炎

目的探讨小儿硬化性骨髓炎的治疗.方法对早期11例保守治疗无效的患儿行病骨开窗、病灶刮除及克氏针贯穿病灶区使髓腔再通手术.结果 11例患儿经2～4年的随访,临床症状消失,无复发,髓腔通畅.结论小儿硬化性骨髓炎病因不清,手术是唯一有效方法.     

原发性甲状腺机能亢进并重度甲状腺肿大的外科治疗

目的总结我院12年间收治32例原发性甲亢病（Graves’病）并重度甲状腺肿大的围手术期处理和手术经验。方法对在门诊控制甲亢治疗阶段、围手术期间的处理、手术方式和术后并发症等进行评价。结果本组无死亡病例,术后并发症发生率为23．8％,其中术后并发呼吸道梗阻和暂时性低血钙各2例,轻度甲低3例。结论重度肿大的Graves’病患者手术治疗具有疗效确切、技术要求高,有潜在的高并发症或高风险的特点。充分的术前准备和良好的麻醉以及手术者良好手术操作技巧,术后严密观察和并发症的及时处理,可降低或避免严重并发症的发生.     

Management of childhood haematogenous osteomyelitis in a rural Papua New Guinean hospital

Haematogenous osteomyelitis, especially in its more common chronic stage, is an important cause of morbidity in children in the Southern Highlands Province. Hospital stays are lengthy and the incidence of fractures is high. While awaiting, or in the absence of, culture and sensitivity results, cloxacillin 200 mg/kg/day plus probenecid 40 mg/kg/day is an appropriate first choice antibiotic when it is available. Antibiotic therapy in chronic disease should be limited to the specific settings of associated soft tissue infection; pre- and post-sequestrectomy; and radiological signs of ongoing bone necrosis and systemic signs of active infection. Surgical drainage of subperiosteal pus and possibly the medullary canal is required in all but the very early (less than 48 hours) cases of acute osteomyelitis that sometimes respond to antibiotics alone. Sequestrectomy should be reserved for cases where a sequestrum and adequate involucrum can be seen on X-ray. Effective management of this disease is possible only if ongoing communication exists between hospital-based medical staff and the staff of health centres or subcentres, including the network of aid post orderlies and their supervisors. Since the majority of patients present to facilities other than hospitals, any campaign directed at improving management must involve co-workers in rural areas, namely the health extension officer, nurse and aid post orderly. Only in this way can we hope to achieve earlier appropriate treatment and more systematic long-term follow-up.     

Enzyme replacement therapy in the management of longstanding skeletal and soft tissue salmonella infection in a patient with Gaucher's disease

A splenectomised patient with Gaucher's disease who developed multiple foci of osteomyelitis and soft tissue abcesses, after a severe episode of group C salmonella sepsis, is described. Aggressive antibiotic treatment and surgical drainage had little effect and the patient's condition continued to deteriorate. With initiation of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in addition to specific antibiotic treatment, defervescence and gradual healing occurred. Complete resolution of the infection was seen after 15 months. The possible role of ERT in healing bacterial infections in Gaucher's disease is discussed.     

Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis — Evaluation of management in the 1990s

There are three main areas of debate in the management of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: The value of early operative intervention, the duration and route of antibiotic treatment and the choice of antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the management protocol of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis as used in The Childrens’ Hospital, Temple Street. The protocol can be recommended.Absence of pyrexia and a normal Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate do not exclude acute haematogenous osteomyelitis.Current thoughts on antimicrobial therapy are presented.     

Langerhans cell histiocytosis — a 31 year review

Forty-one patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) were treated over a thirty-one year period in our institution. These children were classified according to the number of systems involved: twenty-two had unisystem disease while nineteen had multisystem disease. A histological diagnosis was reached in 82 % of cases, the remainder being diagnosed on both radiological and clinical grounds. 68 % of those with multisystem disease had a rash at diagnosis whilst 64% had a persistent ear discharge. The diagnosis was established accidentally in 25% of those with unisystem disease. The mortality rate was 21 % and was confined to those who were under two years of age at diagnosis, all of whom had multisystem disease. Morbidity was 20% and was restricted to patients with multisystem disease. Only one patient died within the last 10 years; there were no therapy related deaths. Treatment related morbidity was seen in only three children. In keeping with other series, our review has identified the following adverse prognostic factors a) age under 2 years at presentation, b) multisystem disease and c) major organ dysfunction. In view of the natural history of the disease, it is suggested that chemotherapy only be used in those patients who have major organ dysfunction or progressive disease and that radiotherapy is rarely indicated.     

Brodie's abscess of the ulna caused by Salmonella typhi

Osteomyelitis caused by Salmonella typhi is rare in patients with no haemoglobinopathies or other diseases causing immunosuppression. Brodie's abscess is a special variety of subacute or chronic osteomyelitis. An otherwise healthy woman who presented with forearm swelling for 6 months was diagnosed with a Brodie's abscess of the ulna caused by Salmonella typhi. Magnetic resonance imaging and a computed tomography-guided needle biopsy were performed. She was later found to be a Salmonella carrier. The Brodie's abscess was treated by surgical debridement and a course of antibiotics. The clinical, radiological, and management aspects of the disease are discussed.     

老年心脏瓣膜病变152例外科治疗体会

目的总结老年心脏瓣膜病变的外科治疗经验。方法回顾性分析152例老年心脏瓣膜病变外科治疗患者的临床资料。行二尖瓣置换（MVR）77例,主动脉瓣置换（AVR）39例,双瓣置换36例;同期行三尖瓣成形术92例,冠状动脉搭桥术19例,左房折叠术4例。结果手术早期死亡6例,死亡率为3．9％。随访140例,随访时间6个月至8年,死亡2例,其余138例术后随诊复查人工瓣膜功能良好,左心室射血分数（LVEF）提高,心功能均提高1—2级,无瓣周漏、人工瓣膜心内膜炎及心脏血栓形成,没有因瓣膜原因而再次手术者。结论术前充分调整心功能,选择适当的手术时机,加强术中心肌保护,不断改进和提高手术技巧,加强围术期管理,是提高老年心脏瓣膜病变患者手术成功率的关键因素。     

Symmetrical Brodie's abscess.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is often confused with symmetrical Brodie''s abscess as it has a similar pathogenesis. We report an otherwise healthy 17-year-old boy presenting with a true symmetrical Brodie''s abscess. We conclude that a symmetrical Brodie''s abscess presenting in an otherwise healthy patient is a separate clinical condition with a different management protocol.     

Positionspapier zur medikamentenassoziierten Osteonekrose des Kiefers (MRONJ)

It is now 12 years since the first article on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) was reported in 2003. The recognition of MRONJ is still inconsistent between physicians and dentists but it is without doubt a severe disease with impairment of oral health-related quality of life. This position paper was developed by three Austrian societies for dentists, oral surgeons and osteologists involved in this topic. This update contains amendments on the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, staging and treatment and provides recommendations for management based on a multidisciplinary international consensus. The MRONJ can be a medication-related side effect of treatment of malignant and benign bone diseases with bisphosphonates (Bp), bevacizumab and denosumab (Dmab) as antiresorptive therapy. The incidence of MRONJ is highest in the oncology patient population (range 1–15?%), where high doses of these medications are used at frequent intervals. In the osteoporosis patient population, the incidence of MRONJ is estimated to be 0.001–0.01?%, marginally higher than the incidence in the general population (<?0.001?%). Other risk factors for MRONJ include glucocorticoid use, maxillary or mandibular bone surgery, poor oral hygiene, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, ill-fitting dentures as well as other drugs, including antiangiogenic agents. Prevention strategies for MRONJ include elimination or stabilization of oral disease prior to initiation of antiresorptive agents, as well as maintenance of good oral hygiene. In those patients at high risk for the development of MRONJ, including cancer patients receiving high-dose BP or Dmab therapy, consideration should be given to withholding antiresorptive therapy following extensive oral surgery until the surgical site heals with mature mucosal coverage. Management of MRONJ is based on the stage of the disease, extent of the lesions and the presence of contributing drug therapy and comorbidity. Conservative therapy includes topical antibiotic oral rinses and systemic antibiotic therapy. Early data have suggested enhanced osseous wound healing with teriparatide in those patients without contraindications for its use. The MRONJ related to denosumab may resolve more quickly with a drug holiday than MRONJ related to bisphosphonates. Localized surgical debridement is indicated in advanced nonresponsive disease and has proven successful. More invasive surgical techniques are becoming increasingly more important. Prevention is the key for the management of MRONJ. This requires a close teamwork for the treating physician and the dentist. It is necessary that this information is disseminated to other relevant health care professionals and organizations.     

超声诊断小儿先天性巨结肠的价值

目的评价超声诊断小儿先天性巨结肠的价值。方法选取2005年1月~2016年12月在我院儿外科采用手术诊断确诊先天性巨结肠24例,巨结肠同源疾病22例,均采用超声检测。结果先天性巨结肠24例、巨结肠同源疾病22例,超声诊断先天性巨结肠敏感性83.33%(20/24),特异性18.18%(4/22),符合率52.17%(24/46),漏诊4例,均为直径在0.5~1.0 cm者。按照所在部位以及病变范围大小,巨结肠表现为近端扩张肠管伴不同程度的气、粪、粪石混杂强回声,后壁衰减,在交界处,可出现远端管径瘪陷、管径细小情况,范围随着病变范围扩大而扩大,甚至出现直线状气体回声,同时随着管径缩小,肠段走形越来越僵硬,蠕动减弱或消失。结论超声诊断小儿先天性巨结肠的价值较高,无创、便捷,敏感性好,但容易将同源性疾病误诊。     

小儿先天性心脏病手术治疗体会

目的:总结小儿先天性心脏病手术治疗经验。方法:对42例小儿先天性心脏病的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:42例小儿先天性心脏病患者施行根治性手术治疗,死亡1例,病死率2.3%。结论:选择适合的手术方式,不断改进和提高体外循环技术、手术技巧,加强呼吸道管理,可降低手术风险,提高疗效。     

Multifocal osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium chelonei. A therapeutic dilemma

An elderly man developed chronic osteomyelitis in the right tibia and both feet after a penetrating injury to the right knee. Mycobacterium chelonei, a species closely related to M. fortuitum, was cultured from all sites. The selection of antibiotic therapy was difficult. The need for prolonged treatment and possible surgical intervention is highlighted.