过表达Cdh1蛋白对高糖诱导的视网膜Müller细胞株GFAP表达的影响

目的 探讨过表达Cdh1蛋白对高糖诱导的视网膜Müller细胞株GFAP表达的影响.方法 培养的Müller细胞分为4组:对照组(Control)、高糖组(HG group,30 mmol/L葡萄糖)、Cdh1过表达组(Cdh1,30 mmol/L葡萄糖+过表达Cdh1蛋白的慢病毒载体)、病毒阴性对照组(NC-Cdh1,30 mmol/L葡萄糖+慢病毒载体稀释液),显微镜下观察Müller细胞一般生长状况,免疫荧光检测GFAP在Müller细胞的表达情况,Western blot检测Müller细胞GFAP及Cdh1蛋白的相对表达.结果 HG组和NC-Cdh1组GFAP表达水平明显高于Control组,Cdh1明显低于Control组(P＜0.05);Cdh1组GFAP表达水平明显低于HG组,Cdh1高于HG组(P＜0.05),而HG组和NC-Cdh1组之间无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 过表达Cdh1蛋白下调高糖诱导的视网膜Müller细胞GFAP表达,对高糖诱导的Müller细胞损伤起到保护作用.     

激光损伤视网膜后神经元凋亡及GFAP表达的研究

目的 观察兔视网膜激光损伤后神经元细胞有无凋亡改变及视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）的表达变化。方法 应用末脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的ｄＵＴＰ－Ｘ切口末标记法（ＴＵＮＥＬ法）标记凋亡细胞。应用免疫组化染色显示视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表示。结果伤后６ｈ、１、３、７ｄ视网膜各层可见散在分布的ＴＵＮＥＬ阳性凋亡细胞,尤以外核层多见,伤后３ｄ,视网膜可见Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表达;伤     

中药髓复康对大鼠脊髓GFAP表达的影响

为了探讨中药制剂髓复康对急性脊髓半横断损伤诱发的星形胶质细胞反应性增生是否具有抑制作用,本实验选用8周龄的清洁级雄性SD大鼠54只,其中48只用于制备T12胸髓右侧半横断损伤模型,并将其随机分为髓复康组(S)和空白对照组(B)。另6只设为正常对照组(N组)。不同时间点取材,采用免疫组织化学法比较各组脊髓损伤区GFAP表达的变化。结果显示,B组在术后3、7、15和30d四个时间点GFAP免疫反应阳性细胞数和GFAP免疫阳性产物的OD值均明显高于N组,术后15d达高峰,各时间点两组之间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);在脊髓损伤后3d,S组的GFAP免疫反应细胞数明显少于B组(P<0.05),而GFAP免疫阳性产物的OD值与B组接近。在以后的各个时间点,S组的GFAP免疫反应细胞计数和GFAP免疫阳性产物的OD值都明显低于B组(P<0.05),而高于N组(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,髓复康能减轻大鼠脊髓半横断损伤所诱发的星形胶质细胞反应性增生。     

地塞米松和苯妥英钠对癫痫大鼠脑内的GFAP和Fos表达的抑制作用

目的：探讨糖皮质激素（GC）的抗痫效应和抗痫机制。方法：动物行为学观察和免疫细胞化学染色。结果：戊四氮（PTZ）可诱发癫痫大发作,如诺在注入PTZ前30min先注入地塞米松或苯妥英钠（DPH）能减轻或抑制大鼠癫痫发作症状。免疫细胞化学染色结果表明,PTZ致痫组大鼠大脑皮质、海马回、齿状有大量肥大的胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）阳性的星形胶质细胞。GC或DPH抗痫组GFAP免疫反应明显减弱,阳性细胞数量减少,突起短而少,Fos蛋白在PTZ组大鼠致痫后1－1．5h有大量表达,而在上述两抗痫组显著少于PTZ致痫组。结论：1．通过与苯妥英钠（传统抗痫药）的抗痫效果相比较,进一步证明糖皮质激素具有抗痫效应。2．糖皮质激素的抗痫机制可能与抑制星形胶质细胞的活动有关。3．Fos蛋白表达的变化与癫痫活动有直接关系。     

低声压级次声对神经病理性疼痛大鼠脊髓GFAP表达的影响

目的观察低声压级(40～80dB)次声对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的疗效并探讨其相关治疗机制。方法将SD大鼠制成L5脊神经结扎病理性疼痛模型,并将其随机分成实验组及对照组,实验组大鼠给予低声压级次声处理,对照组大鼠未给予次声处理,比较实验组及对照组大鼠术后不同时间点50%机械性撤足阈值、L5脊髓节段星形胶质细胞GFAP的变化情况。结果低声压级次声治疗的中期(第12～16d),实验组大鼠50%机械性撤足阈值均明显大于对照组(P0.05),治疗的早期(次声治疗的第2～10d)、后期(次声治疗的第16～28d)组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);次声治疗14d实验组L5脊髓小胶质细胞激活程度明显弱于对照组(P0.05),次声治疗的第7d、21d、28d组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低声压级(40～80dB)次声对神经病理性疼痛大鼠有缓解作用,其治疗机制可能与抑制L5脊髓星形胶质细胞激活程度有关。     

苯丙胺对大鼠学习能力和海马结构GFAP阳性细胞结构的影响

目的观察苯丙胺对大鼠学习能力、GFAP免疫阳性细胞结构和亚细胞结构的影响。方法苯丙胺腹腔注射SD大鼠,用水迷宫检测其空间辨别性学习能力,用免疫组织化学方法观察海马结构胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫阳性细胞的形态变化;用电镜方法检测GFAP免疫阳性细胞超微结构变化。结果学习能力检测发现,在14d以前,苯丙胺组大鼠较生理盐水组的平均运行时间和平均潜伏期缩短(P0.05);在15～28d,苯丙胺组大鼠较生理盐水组正确率降低(P0.05);在29～42d,苯丙胺组大鼠较生理盐水组正确率降低、平均运行时间延长(P0.05)。GFAP阳性细胞形态学观察发现,正常对照组大鼠海马结构星形胶质细胞主要分布在海马以及齿状回的多形层和分子层;生理盐水组大鼠海马结构星形胶质细胞分布与游水组相似,但细胞突起变长及增粗,分支增多,且各亚区比正常对照组相应亚区的星形胶质细胞数量增多(P0.05);苯丙胺组大鼠海马星形胶质细胞分布与正常对照组相似,但细胞突起变长、增粗和分支增多更明显,各亚区的星形胶质细胞比正常对照组和生理盐水组相应亚区增多(P0.05);电镜观察发现苯丙胺组大鼠脑内星形胶质细胞增生肥大,亦可见退变星形胶质细胞。结论在本实验条件下,苯丙胺导致大鼠空间辨别性学习记忆能力下降,引起大鼠海马结构星形胶质细胞增生和损害。     

微囊化兔嗅球细胞悬液移植对脊髓损伤大鼠GFAP及NF200表达的影响

目的:探讨微囊化兔嗅球组织细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠胶质原纤维酸性蛋n(GFAP)及神经丝蛋白200(NF200)表达的影响.方法:SD大鼠分为正常组、损伤对照组、细胞悬液组、微囊化移植组.用免疫组织化学染色方法观察损伤脊髓内GFAP及NF200表达,变化.结果:脊髓损伤后NF200及GFAP表达均呈进行性增高,二者有显著的相关性;微囊组术后7、14、21 d胶质原纤维酸性蛋白的表达显著低于损伤对照组;但微囊组脊髓内NF200表达显著升高.结论:微囊化兔嗅球细胞悬液移植可促进损伤脊髓内的NF200表达并抑制GFAP表达,有可能有助于脊髓功能的恢复.     

褪黑素对糖尿病周围神经病变大鼠氧化应激的作用

研究褪黑素(melatonin,MEL)对糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)大鼠氧化应激和神经功能及形态学的影响,并与抗氧化剂硫辛酸进行比较。链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病(DM)大鼠模型,维持饲养8周后随机分为4组:DM对照组、褪黑素小剂量治疗组(0.5 mg.kg-1.d-1)、褪黑素大剂量治疗组(10mg.kg-1.d-1)、硫辛酸治疗组(100mg.kg-1.d-1)。造模前预设鼠龄和体重相当的正常对照组8只。MEL和硫辛酸干预治疗8周后检测各组大鼠血浆和坐骨神经抗氧化酶活性和胆质过氧化产物含量的变化,大鼠摆尾阈值、坐骨神经超微结构和神经传导速度的变化。结果显示,DM对照组大鼠血浆和坐骨神经中丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著降低,摆尾阈值提高,坐骨神经传导速度降低,坐骨神经出现脱髓鞘以及轴突萎缩等病理变化。MEL和硫辛酸均可显著改善上述变化。DM时自由基的损伤和抗氧化能力的降低可能在DPN的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

银杏内酯B对树鼩血栓性脑缺血后GFAP表达的影响及机制探讨

目的:观察树鼠句血栓性脑缺血形成后不同部位星形胶质细胞表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的时间消长改变,以及血小板活化因子(PAF)受体拮抗剂银杏内酯B(GB)对GFAP表达的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:建立光化学诱导树鼠句血栓性脑缺血模型,用免疫组化法检测缺血后4、2 4、72hGFAP表达,最后用图像分析系统测定其平均灰度。结果:脑缺血后半暗区GFAP表达增多,以2 4h最为显著,其平均灰度值为6 0 .33±3 .0 9(P <0 . 0 1) ,72h表达仍高,其平均灰度值为6 0. 88±2 . 6 2 (P <0 . 0 1) ,此时对侧及远隔区GFAP表达增强。光化学反应后6h于舌下静脉注射GB(5mg/kg) ,发现缺血后2. 4h半暗区星形胶质细胞GFAP表达明显下调,与对照组相比有显著差异(P <0 . 0 5 )。结论:缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞表达GFAP增多与神经元受损有关;GB通过拮抗血小板活化因子(PAF)对神经元的损伤作用使星形胶质细胞表达GFAP减少。     

雷公藤多甙减少Aβ诱导的大鼠星形胶质细胞数

目的探讨雷公藤多甙对大鼠大脑皮质内注射β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)后星形胶质细胞的反应作用。方法采用GFAP免疫组织化学方法观察大脑皮质内注射凝聚态Aβ1-40后星形胶质细胞GFAP阳性细胞数。结果大脑皮质注射Aβ1-40后,GFAP阳性细胞数量明显增多,胞体截面积明显增大;给予雷公藤多甙治疗后,GFAP阳性细胞数量明显减少,胞体截面积明显减小。结论将凝聚态Aβ1-40注射入大鼠大脑皮质后可导致星形胶质细胞的激活,雷公藤多甙对Aβ诱导的星形胶质细胞的活化有抑制作用。     

Blood-retinal barrier disruption and ultrastructural changes in the hypoxic retina in adult rats: the beneficial effect of melatonin administration

Reactive changes in astrocytes and Müller cells in the retina of adult rats subjected to hypoxia were investigated. Along with this, the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was assessed using fluorescent and electron-dense tracers. In hypoxic rats, mRNA and protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin-4 (AQ4) were significantly increased. AQ4 immunoreactive cells were identified as astrocytes and Müller cells by double immunofluorescence labelling. Another alteration in the hypoxic retina was marked reduction in melatonin content compared to controls. In this connection, administration of exogenous melatonin reduced the tissue concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO); both were elevated in hypoxic rats. A major structural change in the hypoxic retina was swelling of astrocyte and Müller cell processes but this was noticeably attenuated after melatonin administration. Following an intraperitoneal or intravenous injection of rhodamine isothiocyanate (RhIC) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP), leakage of both tracers was observed in the retina in hypoxic rats but not in the controls, indicating that the functional integrity of the BRB is compromised in hypoxia/reoxygenation. It is suggested that enhanced tissue concentration of VEGF and NO production in the hypoxic retina contribute to increased permeability of the retinal blood vessels. The concurrent up-regulation of AQ4, a water-transporting protein, in astrocytes and Müller cells in hypoxia suggests its involvement in oedema formation. Since melatonin effectively reduced the vascular permeability in the retina of hypoxic rats, as evidenced by reduced leakage of RhIC, we suggest that its administration may be of potential benefit in the management of retinal oedema associated with retinal hypoxia.     

急性脊髓损伤后胶质酸性蛋白表达变化及意义

目的 观察急性脊髓损伤(SCI)后大鼠后肢功能恢复情况，以及损伤后胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的变化。方法 取雌性SD大鼠32只随机分为4组(n=8)：假手术组、伤后5d、9d、18d组．Allen法致伤脊髓．用大鼠综合行为评分法(CBS)对各级神经功能评分。用免疫荧光化学染色和图像分析的方法观察GFAP表达变化。结果 1．在行为观察中，发现大鼠脊髓损伤后有自行恢复倾向，损伤后18天后肢功能恢复67．5％。2．脊髓损伤后18d GFAP表达明显增强。结论 1、急性脊髓损伤后脊髓有自我修复的倾向。2、胶质细胞对脊髓损伤后的功能恢复起到重要作用。     

Delineation of early changes in cases with progressive supranuclear palsy-like pathology. Astrocytes in striatum are primary targets of tau phosphorylation and GFAP oxidation

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a complex tauopathy usually confirmed at post-mortem in advanced stages of the disease. Early PSP-like changes that may outline the course of the disease are not known. Since PSP is not rarely associated with argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) of varible intensity, the present study was focused on AGD cases with associated PSP-like changes in an attempt to delineate early PSP-like pathology in this category of cases. Three were typical clinical and pathological PSP. Another case presented with cognitive impairment, abnormal behavior and two falls in the last three months. One case suffered from mild cognitive impairment, and two had no evidence of neurological abnormality. Neuropathological study revealed, in addition to AGD, increased intensity and extent of lesion in three groups of regions, striatum, pallidus/subthalamus and selected nuclei of the brain stem, correlating with neurological impairment. Biochemical studies disclosed oxidative damage in the striatum and amygdala. Together the present observations suggest (i) early PSP-like lesions in the striatum, followed by the globus pallidus/subthalamus and selected nuclei of the brain stem; (ii) early involvement of neurons and astrocytes, but late appearance of tufted astrocytres; and (iii) oxidative damage of glial acidic protein in the striatum.     

异丙酚预处理对拟阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠神经行为学和神经原纤维缠结及胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响

目的:观察异丙酚预处理对拟阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠的神经行为学及海马损伤神经原纤维缠结(NFT)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的影响,分析异丙酚的脑保护作用。方法:大鼠海马CA1区微量注射冈田酸(OA),建立拟AD大鼠模型。异丙酚预处理组大鼠于拟AD模型制作前30min,腹腔注射异丙酚100mg/kg。并以Morris水迷宫实验观察大鼠行为学变化,Bielschowsky染色观察NFT及免疫组织化学方法观察GFAP表达的变化。结果:与对照组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠学习记忆能力显著降低;Bielschowsky染色观察海马CA1区域出现大量NFT的特征性病理变化,GFAP免疫组织化学阳性细胞明显增多。与模型组大鼠相比,异丙酚预处理组大鼠学习记忆能力明显提高;海马CA1区NFT明显减少或消失,GFAP免疫组织化学阳性细胞明显减少。结论:拟AD模型建立前30min异丙酚预处理能改善拟AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力,降低NFT和GFAP的表达,有明显的脑保护作用。     

Wistar大鼠脊神经根拔除后脊髓前角NOS和GFAP的表达

目的观察Wistar大鼠脊神经根拔除后脊髓前角NOS阳性表达运动神经元和GFAP阳性表达神经胶质细胞的关系。方法对4-6周龄Wistar大鼠进行椎管外拔除第4腰神经根,术后1、3、5、7周灌注固定后,取L3-L5脊髓节段做冰冻切片,进行Nissl染色和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)进行免疫荧光标记。结果拔除后第1周内,运动神经元大量死亡,存活的运动神经元为对照侧的60%。而第3、5周持续缓慢下降,直到第7周存活率为对照侧的40%。NOS阳性表达运动神经元在损伤后第1周开始出现,第3周达到峰值,第5周开始下降。GFAP阳性表达神经胶质细胞在拔除后第1周损伤侧明显增加,第3周达到高峰,而第5、7周一直维持于高水平。结论脊神经根拔除后,GFAP阳性神经胶质细胞增加,可能参与了损伤后神经的修复及维持神经再生的微环境。     

糖尿病模型大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞活化与凋亡的观察

目的:探讨糖尿病高血糖状态对于大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的影响。方法:应用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导Ⅰ型糖尿病SD大鼠模型,分为糖尿病模型1、2、3、4周和5周组(DM1,DM2,DM3,DM4,DM5),同周龄SD大鼠作为对照组。采用免疫荧光、免疫组化和Western Blot等技术,对比观察糖尿病大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞的形态、caspase-3和GFAP的表达情况。结果:免疫荧光和免疫组化检测结果显示:DM1和DM2大鼠海马区星形胶质细胞的胞体增大,突起增粗;DM3和DM4大鼠海马内星形胶质细胞的突起增粗、变长,其数量明显多于正常对照组(P0.05);而DM5大鼠海马内星形胶质细胞的突起僵硬,细胞数量有所减少,但仍高于正常对照组(P0.05)。Western Blot结果显示:DM3,DM4,DM5大鼠海马区GFAP含量明显高于对照组和DM1,DM2(P0.05)。caspase-3/GFAP免疫组化双标结果显示:DM1和DM2大鼠海马区偶见caspase-3阳性标记的星形胶质细胞;而DM3,DM4,DM5大鼠海马区caspase-3/GFAP双标细胞数明显多于正常对照组(P0.05);其中DM5双标阳性细胞数明显多于DM3和DM4(P0.05)。结论:糖尿病高血糖早期可激活星形胶质细胞,持续性糖尿病高血糖可诱导海马区星形胶质细胞活化的抑制,并引起星形胶质细胞凋亡。     

A demonstration of glial filament distribution in astrocytes isolated from rat cerebral cortex

Astrocytes have been classically described based on morphological characteristics as either protoplasmic or fibrous. However, the appearance of astrocytes at the light microscopic level following immunoreaction with glial filament acidic protein antisera or Cajal's gold-chloride method is markedly different from the morphology of Golgi-impregnated or horseradish peroxidase-filled astrocytes. The present study combines immunohistochemistry using glial fibrillary acidic protein antisera and a cellular suspension of structurally intact astrocytes isolated from the rat cerebral cortex to demonstrate that the distribution of glial filaments is limited to major astrocytic processes. Because the sheet-like processes which decorate the major branches of protoplasmic astrocytes do not contain glial filaments, the entire protoplasmic astrocyte is not visible when viewed in situ in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex. Thus staining techniques that have a propensity for the glial filaments such as antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein and the gold-chloride method provide only a skeletal outline of the major processes of the protoplasmic astrocyte. On the other hand, fibrous astrocytes which do not have feathery decorations on major processes are visible in the cerebral cortex in their structural entirety. The present investigation also offers additional evidence of the specificity of glial fibrillary acidic protein antisera for astrocytes.     

Human retinal astroglia. A comparative study of adult and the 18 month postnatal developmental stage

The immunohistochemical location of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was used to study the state of maturation of retinal astrocytes from an 18-mo-old infant and to compare it with the situation in the adult. Infant astrocytes showed intense GFAP immunoreactivity in the perikarya and possessed spindle-like enlargements in their processes, while in the adult immunoreactivity in the perikarya was scarce and the spindle-like enlargements were not evident. Two types of astrocyte were observed in adult and child retinas: elongated and star-shaped. In the adult, the star-shaped type tend to be more stylised and to have longer processes than in the infant. In the infant, numerous astrocyte cell bodies were observed over vessels, while in the adult these were scarce. In the infant, the star-shaped astrocytes made up a honeycomb plexus, but this was not fully developed. These results suggest that at 18 mo of postnatal development the retinal astrocytes are still increasing and growing into the astroglial structure found in adults.     

β-巯基乙醇与全反式维甲酸对小鼠胎肝间充质细胞神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨β-ME与RA对体外胎肝间充质细胞神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的影响。方法:无菌条件下获取胎龄14.5d的胎肝细胞,DMEM/HEPES/F12(20％FCS)培养弃去非黏附细胞,得到间充质细胞并传代,第5代细胞经β-巯基乙醇(β-ME)与全反式维甲酸(RA)程序化诱导处理后5h、5d用免疫细胞化学鉴定GFAP抗原表达,同时以β肌动蛋白基因为内对照,用半定量RT-PCR检则GFAPmRNA表达情况。结果:胎肝间充质细胞经β-ME,RA诱导处理后大多数细胞呈现神经细胞样的形态。免疫细胞化学显示处理后的细胞约85％表达GFAP;半定量RT-PCR结果显示处理后的细胞GFAP基因mRNA水平表达增加(P＜0.01)。结论:胎肝间充质细胞在体外培养条件下,经过β-ME与RA程序化处理,GFAP表达阳性。