中医体质美容精要（2）

上期介绍了平和质、阴虚质和阳虎质的体质特征，美容原则和日常护理原则。平和质是最健康的一类，美容原则是根据皮肤性质选择适合自己的护肤用品，在饮食起居上没有特别的要求，遵照平时的生活习惯就好。阴虚质的人体形多偏瘦，性格急躁易恕，皮肤以干性、油性皮肤居多，应根据皮肤性质选用相应系列的护肤品，     

中医体质美容精要（1）

按照中医理论．可根据人的形体和精神外在表现的不同，将人群分为7种体质。美容医师可根据顾客的不同体质．进行起居、美容、饮食、心理等方面的指导。并辅以经络、音乐、药物的内调外治。方法简单易学．针对性很强，对拉近和顾客的距离．以及提高普通美容师的医学常识亦有一定帮助。特别需要提醒的是．本文中所有中药及药方．只供有处方权之医师或美容医师参考．普通美容师及读者请向医生咨询。     

中医体质美容精要（3）

上期介绍了气虚质和痰湿质的体质特征，美容原则和日常护理原则。我们知道，气虚体质的人以干性皮肤较我见，也可见中性，敏感性皮肤，易出现的美容问题有肥胖，消瘦，面，色萎黄，黄褐斑等；在选用化妆品上应尽量少用美白，祛斑，祛痘这几种功效型产品。     

从肺论治中医美容的运用和意义探讨

中医美容是在中医基础理论和中国传统美学思想的指导下，研究损容性疾病的防治和损容性生理缺陷的掩饰或矫正，以达到防病健身、延年驻颜、维护和创塑人体形神美的有效手段和方法。而绝大部分损容性疾病都是皮肤病，而各种美容保健的目的又大多是针对皮肤外在美观的，故中医美容以皮肤美容为主。本文试从肺与皮肤的关系，阐述从肺论治在中医美容中的重要作用和独特价值。     

前景广阔的中医美容学

中医美容学，是以中医美学思想、医学美学基本理论为指导，以中医学为基础，研究人体的形神美，并运用中医药的方法维护、修复、改善与塑造人体的形神美及研究其规律的一门学科。它是美容医学的一个重要组成部分，也是中医学的一个新兴分支学科。     

高职高专《美容中药学》教材建设之现状及展望

<正>中药在漫长的历史时期不仅用于防病治病,也是食疗养生、美容保健的有力武器。随着社会经济的发展,生活水平及审美意识的提高,人们对美的追求日益强烈,中药在美容方面的应用越来越广,无论是损容性疾病的治疗,还是皮肤、毛发、形体的日常保养,中药都发挥着治疗、保健和美容的作用,了解、掌握中药治疗作用的同时,美容功效更不可忽视,而《美容中药学》则为成为指导人们进行美容治疗及保健的一门重要的学科。现就其上篇《美容     

中医美容对皮肤亚健康的再认识

无论在美容中医学或是现代人体美学与美容医学中,皮肤健康美感维护与皮肤亚健康评价、养护,以及变化趋势预测等,始终贯穿在人体美容研究与临床服务中。据中医学早有":有诸外必形诸于内"的论述,皮肤状况虽表现于人体外表,其变化过     

北京军区总医院·全军皮肤病诊治中心招收皮肤病、皮肤外科、激光美容与美容整形进修医师通知

北京军区总医院皮肤科是全军皮肤病诊治中心、北京军区的皮肤激光美容整形专科中心,也是国内较早开展皮肤激光美容、皮肤外科与美容整形的单位之一。为了促进皮肤病及皮肤美容外科学术交流与发展,我科常年招收进修医师。学期：半年至1年（激光美容1～3个月）;内容：皮肤病、激光美容、皮肤外科与美容整形手术;     

北京军区总医院·全军皮肤病诊治中心招收皮肤病、皮肤外科、激光美容与美容整形进修医师通知

北京军区总医院皮肤科是全军皮肤病诊治中心、北京军区的皮肤激光美容整形专科中心,也是国内较早开展皮肤激光美容、皮肤外科与美容整形的单位之一。为了促进皮肤病及皮肤美容外科学术交流与发展,我科常年招收进修医师。学期：半年至1年（激光美容1～3个月）;内容：皮肤病、激光美容、皮肤外科与美容整形手术;     

国外美容医学最新动态

整形美容 题目：经皮诱导胶原：对瘢痕、皱纹、皮肤松弛治疗的改进整形外科医师希望寻求一种损伤性小、效果好的美容技术。为此，本文作者对480名南非和德国的有细皱纹、皮肤松弛、瘢痕及张开的皮肤伤痕者，通过经皮刺伤诱发胶原增生而产生美容效果者，进行回顾性研究分析。     

Scalp Micropigmentation: A Concealer for Hair and Scalp Deformities

Background: Cosmetic deformities, resulting from some dermatologic diseases or deformities caused by hair restoration surgeries, have had few, if any, good, permanent solutions. Most of these patients have learned to live with their problems. Objective: A cosmetic tattoo technique has been developed to address unsightly scalp and hair conditions. Materials and Methods: The technique called scalp micropigmentation uses specialized techniques and conventional cosmetic tattoo instruments and pigments in a stippling pattern on the scalp. Results: A variety of alopecias, refractory to treatment and hair transplant deformities, impact millions of men and women. Many of these deformities can be concealed with scalp micropigmentation, making the deformities minimally detectable. Included are the results of treatment. Patient satisfaction is very high. Conclusion: Scalp micropigmentation offers a good nonsurgical alternative treatment for hair and scalp deformities. This paper demonstrates scalp micropigmentation results and discusses the histology, physiology, and pathology of tattoo pigments in the skin. The regulation of the tattoo process by the United States Food and Drug Administration and state governments is summarized. Unlike medical devices, scalp micropigmentation offers a tattoo-based, non-medical “cover-up” that effectively hides unsightly conditions on the scalp and creates the illusion of thicker hair. The authors believe that scalp micropigmentation is destined to become a standardized offering for physicians specializing in cosmetic office procedures.There are millions of men and women who have cosmetic problems with their scalps and hair resulting from dermatologic and/or genetic conditions, such as intractable alopecia areata or female genetic balding. There are also iatrogenic deformities in millions of men from hair restoration procedures done between the 1950s and 1990s, reflecting crude techniques of that period and scars from strip harvesting. Since hair loss is frequently a progressive process, genetic and iatrogenic conditions often become more pronounced over time. Scalp micropigmentation (SMP) uses a tattoo in a stippling pattern that mimics hair follicles that are cut close to the scalp.1,2 This relatively new technique can significantly address the cosmetic problems derived from the conditions noted above.The tattoo industry is in the midst of a cultural expansion, growing from 14 percent in 2008 to 21 percent in 2012,3 making SMP a more socially acceptable cosmetic solution for covering appropriate scalp and hair problems.This article discusses how the SMP process is used, demonstrates a variety of clinical applications, identifies challenges created by the technique, discusses the anatomy and histology of the tattoo pigment interactions with human physiology, and identifies some of the safety issues known today. The authors will show how SMP will have a great impact on people who, heretofore, have had no acceptable long-term solutions for hiding deformities created by a broad variety of diseases and traumas.     

游离毛囊体外培养模型构建及形态学检查的实验研究

目的：构建游离毛囊体外培养模型，观察离体培养人头皮毛囊形态变化。方法：在Williams E无血清培养基中，建立离体人头皮毛囊培养模型；通过倒置显微镜观察毛囊的形态变化；目镜测微器测量毛囊长度；3H-TdR掺入检测毛囊DNA合成率；组织学检测用冰冻切片光镜观察和电镜切片透射电镜观察。结果：毛囊有不同程度的生长，随时间后移形态结构由清晰逐渐变为模糊；冰冻切片HE染色后在光学显微镜下可清楚分辨出毛囊的结构；培养3天毛囊的内外根鞘中可见凋亡细胞，内皮根鞘较外皮根鞘明显多见。结论：在离体培养人头皮毛囊时，Williams E无血清培养基是合适的选择，该模型也是筛选促进或抑制毛发生长药物的良好模型；离体培养毛囊组织学检测用冰冻切片可以简化步骤；透射电镜可以用来观察离体培养的毛囊的形态和超微结构的变化，也可以用来协助观察细胞凋亡的状况。目镜测微器测量毛囊长度简单可行，辅以3H—TdR掺入则更为客观。     

Prospective demographic study of cosmetic surgery patients

Objectives: The authors sought to examine and assess cosmetic surgery patient demographics as well as age in relation to partner, in a prospective manner, analyzing data for any significant correlations. Design: The authors conducted a prospective study utilizing a survey. Setting: The study was conducted in a private, nonacademic dermatological practice. Participants: Three hundred thirty-six patients participated in this study. Results: Demographics of onabotulinumtoxinA/abobotulinumtoxinA (neurotoxins), fillers, and laser hair removal users were studied. The data show that the average private practice cosmetic surgery patient in this study is a married (67.5%), college-educated or greater (66.9%), employed (74.3%), mother (74.5%). In the fillers category, 50 percent of women were older than their partners, as opposed to 14.8 percent in 2008 Census data. Additionally, women were more educated and employed to a higher percentage than similar women in 2008 Census data. Data on motivations were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Data from this study show potential correlations with Census data norms in marital status and motherhood status categories, but not in the age in relation to partner, education, and employment level categories. Motivations of individuals undergoing cosmetic surgery will need further analysis in future studies.     

Six-month follow-up multicenter prospective study of 368 patients,phototypes III to V,on epilation efficacy using an 810-nm diode laser at low fluence

Laser hair removal is currently a popular cosmetic procedure. Traditional high-fluence laser treatment for hair elimination is associated with discomfort and adverse events and it is restricted to low phototype skins. A multicenter study of hair epilation with low fluences and high repetition pulse rate using an 810-nm diode laser was carried out on 368 patients (phototypes III to V) to test its efficacy in a 6-month follow-up after five treatments on the face and various body areas. Objective and subjective assessment as well as histologies show a high index of patient satisfaction due to high efficacy of hair elimination, also proved histologically by the damage observed at hair structure level. Results obtained a high degree of patient satisfaction and a low index of adverse events. Laser epilation was well accepted regarding discomfort and was also complication-free for dark and tanned skins. Treatment is easy to conduct and requires adapting the movement of the hand-piece to a constant speed in order to achieve high-energy deposit on tissue avoiding risks of burning.     

Part 2 of a 4-part series Hair Products: Trends and Alternatives: Data from the American Contact Alternatives Group

Objective: To provide updated data on usage of ingredients that are common potential contact allergens in several categories of hair products. To identify useful alternative products with few or no common contact allergens. Design: In November 2009, the full ingredient lists of 5,416 skin, hair, and cosmetic products marketed by the CVS pharmacy chain was copied from CVS.com into Microsoft Word format for analysis. Computer searches were made in Microsoft Word using search/replace and sorting functions to accurately identify the presence of specific allergens in each website product. Measurements: Percentages of American Contact Dermatitis Society core series allergens (and other common preservatives and sunblocks) were calculated. Results: The usage of American Contact Dermatitis Society core series allergens (and other preservatives and sunblocks) in hair products is reported. Conclusion: Data on allergens and alternatives for hair products is not widely published. This article reviews some of the common potential allergens in hair products, including shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. Suitable available alternative products for patients with contact allergy are listed.     

Cosmetic Warts: Pseudo-Koebnerization of Warts after Cosmetic Procedures for Hair Removal

Objective: To sensitize patients, physicians, and aestheticians about the possibility of spread of cutaneous warts during cosmetic procedures, especially following temporary hair removal methods, such as shaving, waxing, threading, and using depilatory creams, so they practice the requisite safety measures. Cutaneous warts caused by human papilloma virus are highly contagious. They tend to spread locally with even the trivial trauma of scratching, resulting in autoinoculation or “pseudo-Koebnerization.” Other than isolated case reports, there is a paucity of literature on pseudo-Koebnerization of warts by temporary hair removal methods. Design, setting, and participants: The authors present their observations from five patients—two men and three women (Cases 1 to 5)—in whom, after a single or a few episodes of a specific temporary hair removal method, either pre-existent warts spread locally at a rapid pace or surfaced clinically for the first time and then started spreading locally. An attempt was made to study the temporal relationship between the cosmetic procedure and the eruption or exacerbation of warts. Results: All five cases showed warts in a linear or local distribution, suggesting pseudo-Koebnerization and the possible use of unclean material used for temporary hair removal methods. One male (Case 1) and two female (Cases 3 and 4) patients already had pre-existent warts, which spread locally following the temporary hair removal procedures. The clinically naive other two patients may have acquired human papilloma virus due to cross-infection from unsterilized razor blades (possibly in Case 2) or from a spouse’s infected towel pressing against freshly waxed skin (Case 5). Treatment with radiofrequency ablation or topical tretinoin was successful in all patients. Conclusion: Despite the widely prevalent practice of temporary hair removal cosmetic procedures around the globe, such pseudo-Koebnerization-induced “cosmetic warts” remain under-reported. Through this case series, the authors wish to inculcate the practice of more hygienic measures by patients, barbers, aestheticians, and beauticians to prevent such cosmetic mishaps.Cutaneous warts caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) constitute one of the most common viral infections of the skin and mucosae. There are more than 100 distinct HPV subtypes, with certain types having a predilection for specific body sites to produce characteristic proliferative lesions. For example, verruca vulgaris (common warts with verrucous surface) caused by serotypes 2 and 4; verruca plana (flat warts) caused most often by HPV type 3 and less often by types 10, 27, and 41; filiform warts (firm thread-like projections) caused by types 2 and 4; and condyloma acuminata (genital warts) commonly caused by HPV types 6 and 11 and less often by the oncogenic types 16 and 18. Once acquired, the virus remains in the skin indefinitely and may give rise to recurrent lesions, the frequency of which depends upon the HPV serotype and host immunity against the virus.1 Warts also tend to spread locally around the site of original lesion by autoinoculation induced by trauma-like scratching. This phenomenon is akin to the occurrence of lesions of psoriasis at sites of trauma. However, the pathogenesis of this phenomenon, called Koebner phenomenon is different in the two conditions. While the former is speculated to involve various pathogenetic factors, primarily immunologic with others being vascular, dermal, enzymatic, genetic, and hormonal, the latter is believed to be due to autoinoculation of the infective viral material (hence, called “pseudo-Koebner” rather than true Koebner phenomenon).2 Lesions of molluscum contagiosum, another common cutaneous viral infection, also spread through a similar mechanism. All procedures employed for temporary hair removal (THR) result in trivial unnoticeable trauma to the skin, such as shaving, threading, waxing, or using depilatory creams. In a patient with pre-existent viral warts, these may seed and spread, whereas in patients not yet exposed to HPV, THR procedures breach the protection of the epidermis and allow viral inoculation from an external infected source, such as a non-sterile razor blade or an infected thread or towel, resulting in a fresh eruption.     

Hair transplantation in women: A practical new classification system and review of technique

Alopecia in women is often overlooked as a major cosmetic problem. For women with hair loss, the psychological effects are often more severe than for men. Advances in modern hair transplantation have allowed successful hair restoration in many cases of female alopecia that might not have been possible to treat with older techniques. A classification of female hair loss patterns into 5 different categories is proposed. On the basis of these categories, a variety of techniques are demonstrated to restore alopecia. Careful preoperative patient evaluation, including analysis of the donor and recipient features, is emphasized. In addition, women's psychological reactions to hair loss and the expectations for hair restoration are discussed. (Aesthetic Surg J 2002;22:247-259.)     

Survival of Grafts in Coup de Sabre

BACKGROUND: Treatment of coup de sabre must remain conservative until the disease is no longer in an active state. When activity has ceased, some operative intervention is safe and effective for the correction of deformity. While hair transplantation showed high survival rates for the correction of cicatricial alopecia, it has not yet been reported to be performed for the correction of coup de sabre. OBJECTIVE: To examine the therapeutic possibility of hair transplantation for the correction of coup de sabre. METHODS: Follicular units consisting of two to three hairs from the patient's occipital scalp were transplanted using Choi hair transplanters. RESULTS: Ten-month follow-up studies showed an 86.5% survival rate and 10-14 cm (mean 12 cm) length of the transplanted hairs. CONCLUSION: When coup de sabre is no longer in an active state, hair transplantation is a useful method for cosmetic improvement of the alopecia.     

An investigation of possible changes in keratins accompanying injury-induced hair follicle mineralization

When the skin of rats is middly injured, mineral deposits form in some hair follicles in the injured area (Cousins and Smillie 1965). It was suggested that this could have resulted from the injury-induced modification of hair follicle proteins to form an efficient nucleator from a normally inactive precursor. S-carboxymethyl kerateine derivatives of follicle proteins were subjected to chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose and to starch gel electrophoresis. No differences could be detected by these techniques between follicle keratins from injured skin and those from uninjured skin. This indicated that efficient nucleating material is normally present in hair follicles and is not formed following injury. This is discussed in relation to previous work on follicular mineralization.     

The Art of Repair in Surgical Hair Restoration—Part II: The Tactics of Repair

BACKGROUND: As patient awareness of new hair transplantation techniques grows, the repair of improperly planned or poorly executed procedures becomes an increasingly important part of surgical hair restoration. OBJECTIVE: Part II of this series is written to serve as a practical guide for surgeons who perform repairs in their daily practices. It focuses on specific repair techniques. METHODS: The repairs are performed by excision with reimplantation and/or by camouflage. Follicular unit transplantation is used for the restorative aspects of the procedure. RESULTS: Using punch or linear excision techniques allows the surgeon to relocate poorly planted grafts to areas that are more appropriate. The key elements of camouflage include creating a deep zone of follicular units, angling grafts in their natural direction, and using forward and side weighting of grafts to increase the appearance of fullness. In special situations, removal of grafts without reimplantation can be accomplished using lasers or electrolysis. CONCLUSION: Meticulous surgical techniques and optimal utilization of a limited hair supply will enable the surgeon to achieve the best possible cosmetic results for patients requiring repairs.