佳木斯大学学生生活质量调查

目的了解综合高校大学生生活质量及其影响因素,为进行大学生健康教育和实施学生管理提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,利用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）对佳木斯大学不同专业、年级及生源的学生进行了问卷调查。结果学生生活质量总得分19．06±3．34（63．53％）。在环境方面,不同性别、不同学科、不同生源和不同家庭收入的大学生的生活质量差异均有统计学意义;在生理、社会关系和精神方面,仅不同学科问学生的生活质量差异有统计学意义;在心理、独立性方面,各背景下学生生活质量差异均无统计学意义。结论学生的总体生活质量处于较好状态;不同背景下大学生在环境、生理、社会关系和精神方面有差异性,需要学校、社会和家庭从各种关键影响因素着手重视大学生的生活质量。     

大学生自尊、自我和谐和人际和谐的关系研究

目的了解大学生自尊、自我和谐、人际和谐的特征及其相互关系,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用整群、分层、随机抽样方法,使用Rosenberg自尊量表、自我和谐量表及人际关系综合诊断量表,从安徽省30所普通本科高校中随机选取4所高校,每所高校各抽取4个年级共16个班820名大学生作为研究对象,进行问卷调查。结果大学生自尊总平均分为(30.71±4.77),高于理论中值25,大学生自尊水平较高,自尊水平在性别(P=0.004)、生源地(P=0.038)和独生子女(P=0.005)维度差异具有统计学意义。大学生自我和谐总平均分为(98.66±8.69),其中低分组112人(13.72%)、中间组442人(53.95%)、高分组265人(32.33%),在性别、生源地等维度上自我和谐总分及大部分分量表得分差异均无统计学意义,独生子女大学生自我和谐总分差异有统计学意义(P=0.004),城镇和农村大学生在自我刻板性分量表上差异有统计学意义(P=0.006)。人际和谐与自尊、自我和谐各维度之间均两两相关具有统计学意义。多元回归分析发现,当自尊变量出现时,自我和谐变量对人际交谈困扰的解释量由22.6%下降至12%,标准回归系数由0.087变化到0.035;人际交友困扰由27.6%下降至13.1%,标准回归系数由0.104变化到0.019;待人接物困扰由30.9%下降至15%,标准回归系数由0.079变化到0.020;异性交往困扰由23.4%下降至17.3%,标准回归系数由0.095变化到0.024。结论自尊在自我和谐与人际和谐之间发挥部分中介作用。通过培养大学生的自尊水平,达到其自我和谐和人际和谐,能提高大学生心理健康水平。     

Change in self-esteem,self-efficacy and the mood dimensions of depression as potential mediators of the physical activity and depression relationship: Exploring the temporal relation of change

ObjectivesPhysical activity has been found to alleviate depression, but little is known about the mechanisms of change. This study assessed whether depression and hypothesised mechanisms – self-esteem, physical self-perceptions, self-efficacy, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) – changed over time among depressed individuals who increased their physical activity. It also assessed the temporal relation of change.DesignLongitudinal, within-subjects design.MethodThirty-nine individuals with elevated symptoms of depression increased their physical activity for an eight-week period. Measures of depression and the hypothesised mechanisms were taken at baseline, week one, week three and week eight.ResultsThere were statistically significant improvements in depression and all the potential mechanisms between baseline and week eight. An initial reduction in depression was observed at week one, with most of the reduction occurring by week three. Initial improvement in PA, NA and self-efficacy also occurred at week one, while initial improvement in self-esteem and self-perceptions occurred at week three. Further improvement in self-esteem and some of the self-perception variables was observed after there was no further significant change in depression. There were larger changes in PA than the other measured mechanisms at weeks one and three.ConclusionsChange in PA, NA and self-efficacy present stronger candidate mechanisms than change in self-esteem and self-perceptions for mediating change in depression, at least in the early stages of increased activity. An increase in PA may be especially important. However, a causal role for the potential mechanisms cannot be determined from this study.     

大学生智能手机成瘾及负性情绪对睡眠质量影响

目的 探讨大学生智能手机成瘾和负性情绪对睡眠质量影响,为改善大学生睡眠、促进其身心健康提供参考依据。方法 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、智能手机成瘾量表和正负性情绪量表对辽宁医学院770名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 大学生睡眠质量总分为(5.13±2.16)分,睡眠质量问题检出率为15.8%,智能手机成瘾总分为(36.94±8.28)分,负性情绪总分为(20.80±5.99)分;不同睡眠质量大学生日常生活干扰、戒断症状、过度使用、耐受性、智能手机成瘾总分和负性情绪组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);睡眠质量与智能手机成瘾和负性情绪部分相关(P<0.05);结构方程建模显示,负性情绪即可直接作用于睡眠质量,也可通过智能手机成瘾间接作用于睡眠质量(直接效应为0.43,间接效应为0.04),智能手机成瘾和负性情绪对睡眠质量的直接总效应为0.58。结论 智能手机成瘾和负性情绪影响大学生睡眠质量,预防智能手机成瘾和调控负性情绪是改善其睡眠质量的有效途径。     

医学生家庭功能与自尊在父母教养方式与生活满意度间的中介作用

探讨医学生的父母教养方式、生活满意度、家庭功能与自尊之间的关系,为促进大学生心理健康提供参考.方法 随机选取广州2 473名大二至大五年级医学本科生为被试,采用简式父母教养方式问卷(short-Egna Minnen Betraffende Upfostran-Chinese,s-EMBU-c)、家庭关怀指数问卷(Family APGAR Index,APGAR)、Rosenberg自尊量表(Rosen-berg Self-Esteem scale,SES)及生活满意度量表(Satisfaction With Life Scale,SWLS)进行测试.结果 父母情感温暖与家庭功能、自尊、生活满意度均呈正相关(r=0.263~ 0.579,P值均<0.05),父母情感拒绝、父母过度保护与家庭功能、自尊、生活满意度均呈负相关(r=-0.342~-0.094,P值均<0.05).父亲情感温暖、父亲过度保护、母亲情感温暖、母亲过度保护均可以影响大学生的生活满意度(β值分别为0.256,-0.083,0.273,-0.059,P值均<0.01).多重中介作用分析表明,父亲教养方式和母亲教养方式都不能直接影响生活满意度(P值均>0.05);父母教养方式通过家庭功能和自尊分别间接预测大学生的生活满意度(中介效应分别为49.1%~58.5%,27.9%~35.3%),还通过家庭功能-自尊的中介作用对生活满意度产生间接效应(中介效应为15.6%~ 19.0%,P<0.05).结论 家庭功能和自尊在父母教养方式预测医学生生活满意度中起到多重中介作用.     

303名大学生自尊和孤独感与生活满意度的关系

目的探讨大学生的自尊、孤独感与生活满意度的关系。方法采用孤独感量表、自尊量表以及生活满意度量表对303名大学生进行测量。结果大学生的孤独感在文理科上差异有统计学意义(t=2.403,P<0.05),大学生的生活满意度在性别上差异有统计学意义(t=-2.252,P<0.05),大学生的自尊与孤独感存在显著负相关(r=-0.338,P<0.01),与生活满意度存在显著正相关(r=0.251,P<0.01);大学生的孤独感与生活满意度存在显著负相关(r=-0.326,P<0.01)。自尊对孤独感与生活满意度起部分中介作用。结论大学生的自尊、孤独感与生活满意均呈显著相关。自尊对大学生的孤独感与生活满意度起部分中介作用。     

Physical activity and quality of life among college students without comorbidities for cardiometabolic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

To systematically review studies on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QOL) in university students without comorbidities for cardiometabolic diseases from around the world.

Methods

We included observational studies with university students of both sexes, from public or private institutions, and that investigated the association or correlation between physical activity and quality of life among these students, without delimitation of date, language, or location. Reviews, letters to the editors, studies with qualitative methodologies, case studies, book chapters, articles with college students who had some specific disease or condition, such as obesity, diabetes, and others; studies with children of parents with chronic diseases, and those that were institutions aimed only at very specific populations, were excluded. Meta-analysis was calculated.

Results

Thirty studies, consisting of 19,731 students, were included. The most commonly used instruments to assess the quality of life of the university population were the Quality of Life Questionnaire—short version (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was the most commonly used instrument to assess PA. For the meta-analysis, 22 studies were included. Weak but positive correlations were found between PA and the QOL domains: physical health (0.16. 95% CI 0.11 0.22; I²?=?99.96%); mental health (0.14; 95% CI 0.07–0.20; I²?=?99.97%); social relations (0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0. 38; I²?=?99.99%); environment (0.23, 95% CI 0.14–0.32; I²?=?99.90%); vitality (0.17. 95% CI 0.15–0.20; I²?=?99.49%) pain (0.02. 95% CI ? 0.02 to 0.12; I²?=?99.96%); QOL and PA (0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.34; I²?=?99.99%).An association of R?=?0.60 (95% CI 0.25–0.95; I²?=?85.61%) was found between QOL and PA in total.

Conclusion

The results of our study showed a weak but positive relationship between physical activity and overall quality of life in college students, and also between PA and the domains of QL: physical health, social relationships, mental health, environment, and vitality, in this same population. It is important to study this population, since risk behaviors in this phase tend to perpetuate in the other phases of life.

     

The relationships among self-identity,self-esteem and attitude towards sexual behavior in university students

PURPOSE: It has been reported that the young people of today tend to engage in sexual behavior at an early age and the abortion rate is high. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of post-adolescents with regard to sexual behaviors and the relationship to self-identity and self-esteem. METHODS: The subjects were 234 males (mean +/- SD 20.2 +/- 1.1 years) and 460 females (mean +/- SD 19.5 +/- 1.1 years) 4-year university students aged 18 to 23 years in Aichi Prefecture. An anonymous, self-report questionnaire was used to survey the subjects with regard to self-identity ("Establishment of Self" scale), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and sexual attitude and behavior. The scores on both scales and subscales of the "Establishment of Self" scale, "Foundation of Identity (Foundation)" and "Establishment of Identity (Establishment)", were calculated and intercompared, along with sexual attitude and behavior, controlled for age and school type. RESULTS: The mean total score of the "Establishment of Self" scale for males was 55.3 (SD9.2) and for females 52.2 (SD9.3), while those for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were 27.2 (SD5.5) and 25.7 (SD5.2), respectively. There was significant positive correlation all scales in both sexes. Both male and female students had positive attitude towards sex and a negative view of "traditional gender roles" particularly females. Of the subjects, 82.4% of males and 69.5% of females were thinking of accepting a request for sexual intercourse from their partners. Many students understood the "need for contraception", that is a component of contraceptive behavior. Most of them, however, didn't acquire the other components. A total of 68.3% of males and 48.2% of females had experienced sexual intercourse during the last year. Of these, 50.6% of males and 58.2% of females consistently used contraception. The score on the "Establishment of Self" scale was higher among both the male and female students who responded positively to having "communication ability," "learning ability," and "acquisition ability." Significant differences were found in total and "Establishment" scales among males, and all scales among females. The score on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was significantly higher with "learning ability" among males, and with "communication ability" and "learning ability" among females. However, no significant relationship was found between actual contraceptive behavior and any of the scales. CONCLUSION: In dealing with contraception, a gap exists between university students' attitudes and actual behavior. The scores on the "Establishment of Self" scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were found to be significantly higher for those who exhibited higher values for components of contraceptive behavior.     

不同体能锻炼方式对大学生身体自尊和自我效能的影响

研究不同体能锻炼形式对男女大学生身体自尊和身体自我效能的影响,为大学生进行科学身体锻炼提供依据.方法 以新疆师范大学非体育专业二年级学生118名为研究对象,通过不同体能锻炼方式(力量、有氧耐力以及有氧耐力和力量的混合练习),对随机分配的3组被试进行12周的锻炼干预实验.结果 实验后3组大学生身体自尊和身体自我效能比实验前均有所提高,差异均有统计学意义.3种体能锻炼方式在提高大学生身体自尊和身体自我效能方面,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 不同体能锻炼方式均能改善大学生身体自尊及身体自我效能,应成为提高身体满意度和吸引力的主要行为手段.     

Evolution of quality of life and health‐related behaviors among Spanish university students

At the beginning of their academic studies (testing phase), the quality of life and certain health‐related behaviors were evaluated. Four years later (retest phase), they were reevaluated. Between the two evaluation periods, a health promotion (HP) program was applied. The battery of instruments included measures: health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), alcoholic and nicotine dependence, eating habits, physical activity, and sexual behaviors. It also included a number of sociodemographic data. The results show that, in general, the students reported adequate levels of HRQOL, and there were no important differences between the two evaluation moments. Regarding dietary behavior, no significant changes were detected in the pattern of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which remained at an average level of adequacy. On the contrary, significant decreases were detected in relation to alcohol and tobacco dependence as well as significant increases in physical activity levels. Lastly, with regard to sexual behavior, although certain aspects of improvement were perceived, there is a need to increase awareness of the systematic use of condoms. In conclusion, this study provides relevant information that will serve as a starting point for monitoring changes in health behaviors and for the design and implementation of HP actions directed at university students.     

Physical activity and health related quality of life among people with arthritis

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between physical activity and health related quality of life (HRQOL) among persons with arthritis or chronic joint symptoms (CJS). DESIGN: Cross sectional survey investigating the relation between physical activity level and HRQOL. HRQOL was estimated using the number of physically or mentally unhealthy days during the past 30 days. Physical activity was categorised as recommended, insufficient, or inactive according to federal activity recommendations. Persons with arthritis were defined as those with either self reported CJS or doctor diagnosed arthritis. SETTING: Community dwelling, US adults residing in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS: Respondents (n = 212 000) in the 2001 behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS), an annual population based, telephone survey. MAIN RESULTS: The 33% of BRFSS respondents with arthritis had a mean of 6.7 physically and 4.9 mentally unhealthy days during the past 30 days, compared with 1.8 and 2.7 among those without arthritis. Inactive men and women were 1.2-2.4 times more likely to report impaired HRQOL compared with those who met physical activity recommendations. Men and women who engage in insufficient physical activity also report variably reduced HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Among people with arthritis, recommended levels of physical activity were associated with fewer mean physically and mentally unhealthy days and a decreased probability of having severely impaired physical or mental HRQOL.     

农村大学生职业决策自我效能与归因方式关系

目的 了解农村大学生职业决策自我效能与归因方式的关系,为高校心理健康教育及职业指导提供理论依据.方法 采用大学生职业决策自我效能量表和内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表对湖北师范学院随机抽取的418名大学生进行问卷调查.结果 农村大学生职业决策自我效能自我评价、收集信息、选择目标、制定规划、问题解决得分和决策效能总分分别为(20.71±4.11)、(30.83±5.95)、(30.23±6.14)、(26.53±5.38)、(22.53±4.93)和(130.82±23.99)分,与城镇大学生的(20.92±4.15)、(31.28±5.70)、(29.85±5.41)、(26.79±5.26)、(22.64±4.65)和(131.48±21.88)分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同特征农村大学生比较,文科生自我评价、收集信息和问题解决得分和决策效能总分均高于理科生(P<0.05),大二学生自我评价、收集信息得分均高于大一、大四学生(P<0.05);农村大学生职业决策自我效能各维度得分和决策效能总分均与内控性呈正相关关系(P<0.01),与外控性呈负相关关系(P<0.01);多元逐步回归分析结果表明,内控性和外控性均能有效预测职业决策自我效能(P<0.001),其中内控性能正向预测职业决策自我效能,外控性能负向预测职业决策自我效能.结论 归因方式能影响农村大学生的职业决策自我效能.     

Physical activity and health-related quality of life among adult women in Cali, Colombia: a cross-sectional study

Objectives

To examine the associations of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and walking for transportation (WT) with the physical and mental dimensions of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) among women.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009 among 1,263 women ages 18–59 years living in neighborhoods with low and middle-low socioeconomic status in the urban area of Cali. HR-QOL was assessed using the Short Form 8 (SF-8). LTPA and WT were measured using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Associations were assessed using linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Low (10–149 min) and medium–high (at least 150 min) levels of WT were negatively associated with the mental and physical dimensions of HR-QOL. Low (10–149 min of moderate intensity PA, or 10–74 min of vigorous intensity PA) and medium–high (at least 150 or 75 min of moderate or vigorous intensity PA, respectively) levels of LTPA were positively associated with both dimensions. Significant interactions were observed between education level and perceived safety from traffic.

Conclusions

This study found that WT and LTPA were associated with HR-QOL both in the physical and mental dimensions; however, the direction and magnitude of the association varied by domain. These results highlight the need to better understand the links between PA and HR-QOL in urban contexts from Latin America.     

Physical activity, psychosocial health and life goals among youth

The main goal of the present study is to investigate the relationship between youth’s physical activity, their psychosocial health and well-being, and their life goals. Data were collected among students (n = 1109, age range between 14 and 21 years of age, mean: 16.5 years, SD = 1.3 years) enrolled in the secondary schools of the Southern Plain Region (three counties), Hungary. Our findings support previous results that more active students have a better self-perceived health and fitness, lower levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of life satisfaction. In addition, students who are regularly active prefer less extrinsic values as life goals for their future. However, there are no significant differences by physical activity status in terms of intrinsic values (except for physical health). These findings suggest that physical activity is not per se a beneficial health behavior only through its functions. In community health programs, a health-related physical education approach should be addressed to improve the psychosocial benefits of physical activity.Bettina F. Piko is Associate Professor of Behavioral Sciences and Public Health at the University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Hungary, and Noemi Keresztes is Research Assistant and PhD Student both at the University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, and at Semmelweis University, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Budapest, Hungary     

Physical activity and health related quality of life

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Research on the relationship between Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and physical activity (PA), to date, have rarely investigated how this relationship differ across objective and subjective measures of PA. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between HRQoL and PA, and examines how this relationship differs across objective and subjective measures of PA, within the context of a large representative national survey from England. METHODS: Using a sample of 5,537 adults (40-60 years) from a representative national survey in England (Health Survey for England 2008), Tobit regressions with upper censoring was employed to model the association between HRQoL and objective, and subjective measures of PA controlling for potential confounders. We tested the robustness of this relationship across specific types of PA. HRQoL was assessed using the summary measure of health state utility value derived from the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) whilst PA was assessed via subjective measure (questionnaire) and objective measure (accelerometer- actigraph model GT1M). The actigraph was worn (at the waist) for 7 days (during waking hours) by a randomly selected sub-sample of the HSE 2008 respondents (4,507 adults - 16 plus years), with a valid day constituting 10 hours. Analysis was conducted in 2010. RESULTS: Findings suggest that higher levels of PA are associated with better HRQoL (regression coefficient: 0.026 to 0.072). This relationship is consistent across different measures and types of PA although differences in the magnitude of HRQoL benefit associated with objective and subjective (regression coefficient: 0.047) measures of PA are noticeable, with the former measure being associated with a relatively better HRQoL (regression coefficient: 0.072). CONCLUSION: Objective measure of PA is associated with a relatively better HRQoL than subjective measure of PA. The nature of the constituents of the HRQoL gains associated with PA and the research and policy implications of our findings are discussed.     

成年艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者生存状况及其影响因素

  目的  修订中文版艾滋病治疗依从性自我效能感量表（HIV-ASES）,并评价其信度和效度,为随访人员掌握艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）患者的服药依从性提供参考工具。  方法  本研究通过专家咨询及中国文化调试后对中文版HIV-ASES量表进行了修订,并采用项目分析和信、效度检验方法对在河南省上蔡、沈丘、确山、永城、济源和三门峡6个地区2015年7月和2016年7月抽取的河南省疾病预防控制中心登记在册且接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的1 215例HIV感染者/AIDS患者的服药依从性进行分析,验证该量表理论结构的合理性。  结果  通过专家咨询及中国文化调试后,中文版HIV-ASES量表在原量表基础上删除了1个条目（条目3）并新增1个条目后共包括融合（6个条目）和毅力（6个条目）2个维度12个条目;项目分析结果显示,中文版HIV-ASES量表的12个条目得分与总分的相关系数为0.572～0.758（均P < 0.001）,量表具有较好的项目区分度;量表总体的Cronbach′s α系数、重测信度和分半信度分别为0.930、0.807和0.858,融合和毅力2个维度的Cronbach′s α系数、重测信度分别为0.912、0.775和0.867、0.720,量表具有较好的信度;探索性因子分析结果显示,中文版HIV-ASES量表2个公因子的累计方差贡献率为63.642 %,各条目所属因子结构与原量表基本一致;验证性因子分析结果显示,中文版HIV-ASES量表的比较拟合优度指数（CFI）为0.966、近似误差均方根（RMSEA）为0.079、拟合优度指数（GFI）为0.944、调整拟合优度指数（AGFI）为0.905、平方根残值（RMR）为0.114、标准化残差均方根（SRMR）为0.033;中文版HIV-ASES量表、Morisky问卷和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）的总分分别为（127.32 ± 18.36）、（14.58 ± 2.00）和（34.35 ± 1.62）分,自我报告过去1个月服药依从率和调查前1周服药依从率分别为86.5 %和90.7 %,中文版HIV-ASES量表总分与Morisky问卷、SSRS量表总分和自我报告过去1个月服药依从率、调查前1周服药依从率均呈正相关（r = 0.450、0.261、0.288、0.321,均P < 0.01）,量表具有较好的效标效度。  结论  修订的中文版HIV-ASES量表在HIV感染者/AIDS患者中的信度和效度指标均符合心理测量学的要求,可适用于中国HIV感染者/AIDS患者服药依从性的评价。     

Physical activity, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: analysis of associations between individual-level changes over one year

Background

Physical activity and self-efficacy represent behavioral and psychological factors, respectively, that are compromised in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), but might be modifiable through intervention and result in better health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Purpose

The present study adopted a panel research design and examined the associations between individual-level changes in physical activity, self-efficacy, and HRQOL over a one-year period in persons with MS.

Method

The sample consisted of 269 persons with relapsing–remitting MS who completed the Godin Leisure-Time Questionnaire (GLTEQ), Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy (MSSE) Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life—29 (MSIS-29) Scale on two occasions that were separated by 1 year. The data were analyzed using panel analysis in Mplus 3.0.

Results

The initial panel analysis indicated that individual-level change in physical activity was associated with individual-level change in both physical and psychological HRQOL. The subsequent panel analysis indicated that (a) individual-level change in self-efficacy for functioning with MS was associated with individual-level change in physical HRQOL, whereas individual-level change in self-efficacy for control was associated with individual-level change in psychological HRQOL; (b) individual-level change in self-efficacy for functioning with MS, but not self-efficacy for control, mediated the association between individual-level change in physical activity and physical HRQOL; and (c) individual-level change in self-efficacy for controlling MS was the strongest predictor of individual-level change in HRQOL.

Conclusion

Physical activity and self-efficacy both might be important targets of subsequent behavioral and self-management interventions for improving the HRQOL of persons with MS, although self-efficacy is seemingly more important than physical activity.     

医学生生存质量及影响因素分析

目的 了解医学院校学生的生存质量及其相关影响因素,为采取相应的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法 抽取安徽医科大学的2 386名在校学生进行生活质量状况及影响因素问卷调查.结果 医学生生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域和总的生存质量及健康状况得分分别为(64.59±12.65)、(61.26±14.16)、(62.62±12.85)、(54.12±13.98)和(57.74±18.46)分;各领域及总的生存质量及健康状况得分与常模比较,生理领域和总的生存质量及健康状况得分均低于常模(P＜0.05),社会关系和环境领域得分均高于常模(P＜0.05),心理领域得分与常模比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多元线性回归分析结果 显示,食欲、睡眠、体育锻炼、饮酒、性别、家庭收入等因素对医学生生存质量具有明显影响.多元线性回归分析结果 表明,女生、食欲好、睡眠时间长、锻炼次数多、家庭人均月收入多、不吸烟和饮酒、未患病和非近视的医学院校学生的生存质量较高;未担任学生干 部或参加社团和经常发生家庭摩擦的医学院校学生的生存质量较低.结论 医学院校学生生存质量的主要影响因素为性别、食欲、睡眠时间、锻炼次数、家庭人均月收入、吸烟、饮酒、患病、近视、担任学生干部或参加社团和家庭摩擦.     

Physical activity, health-related quality of life and depression during pregnancy

This study examines physical activity patterns among women, from pre-pregnancy to the second trimester of pregnancy, and the relationship between physical activity status based on physical activity guidelines and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depression over pregnancy. 56 healthy pregnant women self-reported physical activity, HRQoL and depression at 10-15 and 19-24 weeks of pregnancy and physical activity before pregnancy. Whereas vigorous leisure physical activity decreased after conception, moderate leisure physical activity and work related physical activity remained stable over time. The prevalence of recommended physical activity was 39.3% and 12.5% in the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy respectively, and 14.3% pre-pregnancy. From the 1st to the 2nd pregnancy trimester, most physical HRQoL dimensions scores decreased and only mental component increased, independently of physical activity status. No changes in mean depression scores were observed. These data suggest that physical activity patterns change with pregnancy and that physical and mental components are differentially affected by pregnancy course, independently of physical activity status.