关于韩国保健福利政策现状的研究

In this study, the current situation of the Korean health welfare policy is reviewed. The health welfare policy is directly related to the level of life quality of the constituents of society. The modern society has achieved the rapid development of medical technology. But the alienated people who can not receive the medical care is formed by the economic inequality. Therefore, the level of the health welfare policy of a country is a good index to de- cide whether the country is an advanced country or not. In this sense, a study on the current situation of Korean health welfare policy is meaningful. In this paper, the following contents are investigated. First, the trend of the budget of the Ministrywelfare is reviewed through medical expenses and publ Next, the ratio social welt＇arc examined. FiKorean health the trend of public ic social security and welfare expenses.     

Alginate-based complex fibers with the Janus morphology for controlled release of co-delivered drugs

Hydrogels are soft materials consisting of a three-dimensional network of polymer chains.Over the years,hydrogels with different compositions have been developed as drug carriers for diverse biomedical applications,ranging from cancer therapy and wound care to the treatment of neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases.Most of these carriers,however,are designed only to deliver single agents.Carriers based on hydrogels for co-delivery of multiple agents,with the release rate of each of the co-delivered agents tunable,are lacking.This study reports a one-pot method of fabricating alginate-based complex fibers with the Janus morphology,with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium functioning as a polymeric modifier of the properties of each of the fiber compartments.By using malachite green and minocycline hydrochloride as model drugs,the generated fibers demonstrate the capacity of enabling the release profile of each of the co-delivered drugs to be precisely controlled.Along with their negligible toxicity and the retention of the activity of the loaded drugs,the complex fibers reported in this study warrant further development and optimization for applications that involve co-delivery of multiple agents.     

Lyon遗传性高血压大鼠:一种低肾素性高血压动物模型(英文)

This paper reviews the data which demonstrate that Lyon genetically hypertensive (LH) rats exhibit a low renin form of hypertension. Since when compared to normotensive controls, LH rats exhibit a low renin release and are salt-sensitive. Despite this, the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system normalizes the blood pressure level and the regional blood flows in LH rats. Such a discrepancy between the compulsory presence of angiotensin Ⅱ for the hypertension to develop and the low level of renin release seen in LH rats led to two hypotheses: 1) the existence of an early, short lasting increase of renin release which would be sufficient for the occurrence of a stable hypertension; 2) an hypersensitivity to the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ. The study of the long-term effects of early short lasting blockades of the renin-angiotensin system allowed to exclude the first hypothesis. Concerning a hypersensitivity to the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ, it was found to exist in the preglomerular vessels of LH rats. Th     

人参和其他中草药的遗传学鉴定(英文)

The main objective of this paper is to review the chemical and genetic methods used in authentication of ginseng, especially the recent advances in microsatellite genotyping and its application to the authentication of other traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). The standardization and modernization of TCM hinge on the authentication of their botanical identities. Analysis of well-characterized marker compounds is now the most popular method for identifying the herbal materials and quality control of TCM, eg, ginsenoside profiling for authentication of Panax species. However, in many herbal species the chemical composition of the plant changes with the external environment and processing conditions, which lowers the reliability of these authentication methods. In the light of the advances in molecular biotechnology in the past few decades, genetic tools are now considered to provide more standardized and reliable methods for authentication of herbal materials at the DNA level. These genetic tools include     

混悬型多相脂质体139静脉输注液粒径及异物检查方法

The methods on observation of the pattern of polyphase liposome and on determination of size and distribution of particles and particulate matter of intravenous injection of polyphase liposome (139) in the form of suspension are presented in this paper. Microscopic photographs of the injection of polyphase liposome (139) demonstrated the structure of artificial cell of polyphase liposome. With Coulter counter (TAⅡ) and microscope-micrometer the size and distribution of particles in the injection of polyphase liposome (139) in the form of suspension is shown. The results of measurement by the two methods are the same, especially the results on size of the large particles in the injection (139). Moreover, the membrane filter-microscope method described in USP ⅩⅩ for measureing the particulate matter in large-volume injection for single dose infusion was improved. The improved method was used in the determination of particulate matter in the intravenous injection of polyphase liposome (139) in the form of suspension. This method is not only more accurate but also more simple and convenient than the original USP ⅩⅩ method.     

精索静脉曲张并不育的外科治疗

66 cases of varicocele associated with sterility were repor tedin this article.The situation, diagnosis and treatment of these cases were discussed. Through the determination of sperm, testoeterone, FSH and LH before and after operation, the author evaluated the operative therapy of varicocele and urged that varicocele is one of the important factors induced to masculine sterility. But the degree of varicocele is not in direct proportion to the severity of injury of testis .Operation can improve spermatic quality of 50-80% patients while the rate of pregnancy is half of the proportion. The recovering degree of the function of testis depends on the degree of varicocele. It means that the slighter the varicocele is, the better the function of testis is improved. Conversely, the recovery is worse. Thus once the varicocele be found, the operation should be given as soon as possible in lest worsening the functional injury of testis.     

The role of reduced intracellular concentrations of active drugs in the lack of response to anticancer chemotherapy

A major difficulty in the treatment of cancers is the poor response of many tumors to pharmacological regimens. This situation can be accounted for by the existence of a variety of complex mechanisms of chemoresistance （MOCs）, leading to reduced intracellular concentrations of active agents, changes in the molecular targets of the drugs, enhanced repair of drug-induced modifications in macromolecules, stimulation of anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and inhibition of pro-apoptotic mechanisms. The present review focuses on alterations in the expression and appearance of the genetic variants that affect the genes involved in reducing the amount of active agents inside tumor cells. These alterations can occur through two mechanisms： either by lowering uptake or enhancing efflux （so-called MOC-1a and MOC-1b, respectively）, or by decreasing the activation of prodrugs or enhancing inactivation of active agents through their biotransformation （MOC-2）. The development of chemosensitizers that are useful in implementing the pharmacological manipulation of these processes constitutes a challenge to modern pharmacology. Nevertheless, the important physiological roles of the most relevant genes involved in MOC-1a, MOC-1b, and MOC-2 make it difficult to prevent the side effects of chemosensitizers. A more attainable goal in this area of pharmacological enquiry is the identification of proteomic profiles that will permit oncologists to accurately predict a lack of response to a given regimen, which would be useful for adapting treatment to the personal situation of each patient.     

神经训导虚拟模拟实际训练系统及机制研究

Objective To observe the effectiveness of the neurological training fictitious and imitation practical technique. Methods One hundred and twenty hemiplegic patients were divided into two groups: simulation group and control group. The evaluations were made before and after the treatment, including Fugl-Meyer of the lower limbs, the intensity and proportion of the motor program, the motion activity of shoulder extension, elbow extension, hip flexion, knee extension, dorsi flexion, and the activity level of life. Results In the 60 cases of the simulation group, 26 were with normal gait pattern, 4 had light abnormal gait. In the 60 cases of the control group, 6 were still using foot support, but all of them got gait rectification. Before and after the treatment, the changes of Fugl-Meyer of lower limb, the intensity and proportion of the motor program, the motion activity of the hip abduction, hip flexion, knee extension, dorsi flexion, foot eversion, and the activity level of life in each group were all significant (P ＜0.01 ), but there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding each evaluation item( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion The neurological training fictitious and imitation practical technique can improve motor function of the patients.     

Study on the Degradation of Polylactide Microsphere In Vitro

This report concentrated on the rules and mechanism of the degradation of polylactide and the microspheres. The rate of degradation was assessed with five methods: observation of microsphere surface morphology by SEM, determination of the weight loss of the microspheres, determination of the molecular mass of the polymers by GPC, determination of pH and determination of the contents of lactic acid by UV spectrophotometry. The degradation of polylactide microspheres showed two-phase characteristics. At the early stage of the degradation, the high molecular mass polymers were cleaved into lower molecular mass fractions and at the late stage, there was a period of erosion and weight loss of the microspheres. The degradation was much slower for polymers with a higher molecular mass. The polylactide degradation showed good regularity.     

神经训导虚拟模拟实际训练系统及机制研究

Objective To observe the effectiveness of the neurological training fictitious and imitation practical technique. Methods One hundred and twenty hemiplegic patients were divided into two groups: simulation group and control group. The evaluations were made before and after the treatment, including Fugl-Meyer of the lower limbs, the intensity and proportion of the motor program, the motion activity of shoulder extension, elbow extension, hip flexion, knee extension, dorsi flexion, and the activity level of life. Results In the 60 cases of the simulation group, 26 were with normal gait pattern, 4 had light abnormal gait. In the 60 cases of the control group, 6 were still using foot support, but all of them got gait rectification. Before and after the treatment, the changes of Fugl-Meyer of lower limb, the intensity and proportion of the motor program, the motion activity of the hip abduction, hip flexion, knee extension, dorsi flexion, foot eversion, and the activity level of life in each group were all significant (P ＜0.01 ), but there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding each evaluation item( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion The neurological training fictitious and imitation practical technique can improve motor function of the patients.     

巴曲抗栓酶对不稳定型心绞痛病人血小板聚集和心肌缺血的影响

目的：观察巴曲抗栓酶对不稳定型心绞痛病人血小板聚集和心肌缺血的影响。方法：不稳定型心绞痛病人２５例，男性１４例，女性１１例，年龄５９±ｓ１０ａ。正常对照组１６例，男性９例，女性７例，年龄４３±１５ａ。治疗组用巴曲抗栓酶首剂１０ＢＵ，ｄ３及ｄ５各用５ＢＵ。用药前后分别作常规心电图及血小板聚集测定。结果：治疗组用药前血小板聚集率高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），用药后，治疗组较用药前有显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。心电图ＮＳＴ和∑ＳＴ也于治疗后明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：巴曲抗栓酶对不稳定型心绞痛病人血小板聚集率的降低、心肌缺血的改善有显著作用。     

国产氯吡格雷治疗不稳定心绞痛的临床疗效观察

目的观察国产氯吡格雷与进VI氯吡格雷治疗不稳定心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选择衡水市第三人民医院2011年1月-2011年12月70例不稳定心绞痛患者,根据患者意愿进行分组,两组患者均给予常规治疗,在此基础上进口组35例患者给予进口氯吡格雷治疗,国产组35例患者给予国产氯吡格雷治疗,对两组治疗前后血小板聚集率、治疗效果进行比较。结果进口组患者总有效率蛆29％;国产组为91．43％;进口组发生心肌梗死、心衰等心血管事件6例次,发生率为17．14％;国产组发生7例次,发生率为20．0％;两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。两组治疗后血小板聚集率较治疗前明显下降,差异具有显著眭（P〈0.05）。但两组治疗前、后血小板聚集率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论国产氯吡格雷治疗不稳定心绞痛可以达到进口氯吡格雷相同的效果。     

低分子量肝素联用噻氯匹啶治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效观察

目的：观察低分子量肝素联用噻氯匹啶和单用噻氯匹啶治疗不稳定心绞痛（UAP）的临床疗效。方法：将59例UAP随机分为治疗组30例和对照组29例，疗程1周。结果：治疗组总有效率为83．33％，对照组N58．62％（P〈0.05）。随访3个月对照组2例发生急性心肌梗死，治疗组1例。两组未发现明显不良反应。结论：在常规治疗基础上加用低分子量肝素能更有效地控制心绞痛发作．减少心肌梗死发生率。     

Tirofiban: an investigational platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist

The deposition of a platelet rich thrombus on an atherosclerotic plaque is a critical step in the development of unstable coronary syndromes. Currently available therapeutic agents such as aspirin and ticlopidine are relatively weak inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Recently, antagonists to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa), a platelet surface integrin whose activation and subsequent binding to fibrinogen is the final common step in the formation of platelet aggregates, have been utilised to treat unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Tirofiban is a novel, specific, low molecular weight GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, which competitively inhibits the platelet fibrinogen receptor. Tirofiban is administered as an intravenous infusion with a mean half-life of 1.6 h. In healthy volunteers, the plasma concentration and half-life of tirofiban are unaffected by pre-treatment with aspirin, although aspirin increases the bleeding time prolongation caused by tirofiban. Tirofiban is excreted by both renal (37%) and non renal mechanisms. Three clinical trials, PRISM, PRISM PLUS, and RESTORE, have evaluated the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in unstable angina and in high-risk percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). When compared to heparin in the management of unstable angina, tirofiban decreased the odds of recurrent ischaemia, myocardial infarction, or death by 36% at 48 h, and death by 39% at 30 days. Similarly, the addition of tirofiban to heparin reduced the odds of recurrent ischaemic events for death at 7 days by 34%. RESTORE, a clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in patients undergoing PTCA within 72 h of presentation with unstable angina or myocardial infarction, demonstrated a 38% reduction in a composite end-point at 48 h; the need for urgent PTCA and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) at 30 days was reduced by 36%. Adverse side-effects, including major bleeding, were not significantly higher with tirofiban treatment. Tirofiban and other GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors represent a major advance in the treatment of unstable coronary syndromes and high-risk PTCA.     

补阳还五汤及有效组分生物碱和苷对大鼠血小板聚集及血小板环核苷酸的影响

目的探讨补阳还五汤及其有效组分生物碱和苷抗血小板聚集机制。方法大鼠分别给予补阳还五汤原方、生物碱、苷和噻氯匹定，进行ADP诱导的血小板聚集实验。取聚集前、后的血小板提取cAMP、cGMP，采用放免法检测血小板cAMP、cGMP。结果各组血小板聚集比较，生物碱组、苷组和噻氯匹定组血小板聚集强度与空白组相比显著降低（P〈0．01）。原方组血小板聚集强度与空白组相比显著降低（P〈0．05）。血小板聚集后cAMP含量降低（P〈0．01）．而原方、生物碱、苷和噻氯匹定均可抑制ADP诱导的血小板cAMP下降（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。血小板聚集后cGMP含量降低（P〈0．01），原方、生物碱、苷和噻氯匹定也可抑制聚集后血小板cGMP下降（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论生物碱、苷、原方和噻氯匹定可抑制ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集，各药可抑制血小板聚集后血小板内cAMP、cGMP的下降，提示其抗血小板聚集作用是通过抑制聚集后血小板内环核苷酸降低而实现的。     

静脉输注地尔硫治疗冠状动脉搭桥术前不稳定性心绞痛

目的 :评价静脉输注地尔硫治疗冠状动脉搭桥 (CABG)术前不稳定性心绞痛的疗效和安全性。方法 :68例CABG术前不稳定性心绞痛病人停服肾上腺素 β受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂及抗血小板药物 ,静脉给予地尔硫 ,以 33～ 167μg·min- 1,持续微泵注入 72h以上。观察心绞痛症状、心电图、血压、心率及不良反应。结果 :65例 (96% )病人有效。与用药前相比 ,心绞痛发作平均次数减少 (5 .4±s 1.8)次·d- 1(P <0 .0 1) ,发作持续时间缩短 (7.6± 2 .5 )min(P <0 .0 1)。心肌耗氧指数降低。心电图异常者ST T明显改善 ,4 9例病人在病情稳定后 1wk内接受CABG。无严重不良反应。结论 :静脉输注地尔硫为CABG术前不稳定性心绞痛提供了一种较为安全有效的药物治疗手段     

新型NO供体SP/W-5186在兔心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用和机制

目的：研究一种结构中含有半胱氨酸的新型一氧化氮供体ＳＰ／Ｗ＝－５１８６，在新西兰兔缺血／再灌注心肌损伤中的作用和机制。方法：兔缺血４５ｍｉｎ继之再灌注１８０ｍｉｎ。再灌注前５ｍｉｎ，通过静脉单剂量给予低剂量（０．３μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）或高剂量（１μｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）的ＳＰ／Ｗ０５１８６。结果：给予０．３μｊｏｌ／ｋｇＷＰ／Ｗ０－５１８６对平均动脉压、心率等心功能指标没有影响，可显著地降低血小板聚集，减少白     

苯那普利对不稳定性心绞痛患者血清炎症因子和心肌缺血的影响

目的探讨苯那普利对不稳定性心绞痛患者血清炎症因子和心肌缺血的影响。方法选择40例苯那普利治疗组和40例常规治疗组不稳定性心绞痛患者。测定两组患者治疗前后血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)和白细胞介素-1(Interleukin-1,IL-1)的水平,观察两组患者治疗前后心肌缺血发作的变化。结果两组患者治疗后sICAM-1和IL-1较治疗前低(P<0.05和P<0.05),但苯那普利组改变较常规治疗组更为明显(P<0.05和P<0.05)。两组患者心绞痛临床症状均明显改善(P<0.05),ST段压低减轻(P<0.05),但苯那普利组疗效更加明显(P<0.05)。结论苯那普利可以降低不稳定性心绞痛患者血清sICAM-1和IL-1水平,抑制炎症病变,改善心肌缺血,具有良好的心血管保护作用。     

Effect of ticlopidine on exercise-induced platelet aggregation and exercise tolerance time in patients with ischemic heart disease

Platelet aggregation is one of the most important mechanisms for acute myocardial infarction during exercise. We sought to evaluate the effect of ticlopidine (TP) on platelet aggregation (PA) during exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). We studied 38 patients with IHD, 26 patients with effort angina pectoris, and 12 patients with a previous myocardial infarction. In protocol I, subjects were divided into two groups. Drugs altering platelet aggregation were withheld 2-4 weeks before the study in 25 patients (control group). TP (200 mg/day) was administered for 7 days in 13 patients (ticlopidine group). A symptom-limited modified Bruce protocol treadmill exercise test was performed. PA was measured at rest and after exercise by using optical densitometry induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). PA ratio (percentage of maximum) was compared. In protocol II, in 12 patients, treadmill exercise test and PA measurement were performed with and without TP. PA significantly increased after exercise in control (from 51.7+/-23.3% to 64.4+/-27.7%, p < 0.01) and ticlopidine (from 31.9+/-10.5% to 42.0+/-20.4%, p < .01) groups; however, its grade was lower in the ticlopidine group than in the control group. After exercise, PA was lower in the ticlopidine group than in control group (42.0+/-20.4% vs. 64.4+/-27.7%; p < 0.01). In the same patients, PA was lower with TP than without TP after exercise. Treadmill exercise-tolerance time was greater in the ticlopidine group than in the control group, but not statistically significant (762.3+/-139.2 vs. 711.6+/-169.6 s; NS). Exercise-tolerance time was significantly greater with TP than without TP in same patient (791.7+/-98.9 vs. 733.3+/-152.8 s; p < .05). TP suppressed the increase of PA during exercise and increased the exercise-tolerance time in patients with IHD.     

生脉注射液对冠心病患者血液粘度,血小板粘附、聚集和左心室功能的影响

用生脉注射液对53例冠心病住院患者进行治疗,观察治疗前后血粘度、血小板粘附、血小板聚集和左心室功能的变化。结果显示:生脉注射液可明显降低血液粘度(P<<0.01),明显降低血小板粘附、血小板1分、5分及血小板最大聚集作用(P<0.01),明显改善左心室功能(P<0.01),同时降低外周血管阻力(P<0.01)。生脉注射液有利于疏通小血管内的血液淤滞,提高心肌耐缺氧能力,从而增加心脏泵血功能。