复方龙脉宁滴丸水提液有效部位的纯化工艺研究

目的为复方龙脉宁滴丸制备过程中杂质的去除选择一种科学合理的方法,增加滴丸载药量,从而减少服药量。方法采用HPLC法测定葛根素含量,对AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化复方龙脉宁滴丸水提药液有效部位进行实验研究。结果通过动态洗脱、树脂床径高比、洗脱液的pH值、洗脱条件的实验研究,得出树脂与药材比为1∶1,树脂床径高比为1∶5,药液以2BV/h流速上样,用4BV、pH 7的90%乙醇以3 BV/h的流速进行洗脱,具有较好洗脱效果。结论AB-8大孔吸附树脂能够较好除去水提取药液中的杂质,对该复方水提药液中有效部位的纯化具有良好的作用。     

陕产黄花油点草总黄酮部位纯化工艺研究

目的 优选大孔吸附树脂纯化陕产黄花油点草总黄酮部位的最佳工艺。方法 以紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的量。采用每克树脂纯化转移总黄酮的量为指标,通过考察动态吸附-解吸附、静态吸附-解吸附过程,对AB-8、D-101、HPD-450、HPD-600、HPD-700大孔树脂进行了优选;再进一步考察提取药液质量浓度、洗脱剂用量、径高比、药液的pH值对树脂纯化工艺的影响,确定最佳工艺条件,并对优选工艺条件进行了验证试验。结果 药液质量浓度为1.2 g/mL,径高比为1∶5,药液pH 6.47,生药材-树脂为1∶3,上样体积流量为1 BV/h,洗脱液为40%乙醇,洗脱体积流量为1 BV/h,洗脱体积为2 BV。结论 该工艺科学合理,可有效实现总黄酮部位的富集。     

大孔树脂纯化香加皮提取物的工艺考察

[目的]考察香加皮提取物的大孔树脂纯化工艺。[方法]以杠柳毒苷为指标,进行树脂型号的选择、上样量的确定、洗脱溶剂的选择,考察了上样液浓度、柱径高比对吸附的影响等。[结果]选择AB-8大孔树脂,上样生药质量与树脂体积比为1∶2,洗脱溶剂4倍量为70%乙醇,在一定范围内上样液质量浓度、柱径高比对吸附无显著影响。[结论]可以应用AB-8大孔树脂纯化香加皮提取物。     

AB-8大孔树脂对白芍提取液的最佳动态纯化条件

目的优选出AB-8型大孔树脂对芍药苷的最佳动态吸附及解吸条件。方法采用正交试验法优选AB-8大孔树脂对白芍提取物的最佳动态吸附工艺,采用单因素实验优选解吸纯化的最佳工艺。结果通过对数据的直观分析和方差分析得出上柱药液浓度及径高比对吸附量有显著影响,最佳上样条件为A3B1C2,即上柱液浓度为0．5g/mL,径高比为1：8,流速为2mL/min为最佳上样条件,采用30％的乙醇洗脱杂质,采用80％的乙醇富集芍药苷。结论采用不同浓度的乙醇作洗脱剂、AB-8大孔树脂在筛选出的最佳条件下,芍药苷与杂质的分离较好,提取效率高。     

仙鹤草总黄酮纯化工艺研究

目的 优选仙鹤草总黄酮纯化工艺条件.方法 采用大孔吸附树脂法,以总黄酮含量为评价指标,分别对树脂型号、树脂径高比、上样药液浓度、上样药液速度、洗脱液浓度、洗脱剂用量进行考察.结果 优选的纯化工艺条件为选用D101型大孔树脂,上样药液浓度为0.15g/ml,上样速度为1BV/h,树脂径高比为1∶10,洗脱液为3BV 50％乙醇洗脱.固形物中总黄酮含量为31.05％.结论 该纯化工艺条件合理、稳定,可用于工业化生产.     

大孔吸附树脂纯化黄芩总黄酮工艺研究

目的研究大孔吸附树脂分离和纯化黄芩总黄酮的工艺条件。方法以总黄酮的吸附量和解吸率为考察指标,对8种不同类型的树脂进行评价。并对优选出的大孔树脂纯化黄芩总黄酮时的工艺条件及参数进行研究。结果AB-8大孔吸附树脂的动态吸附分离效果最好,上样药液浓度为80 mg药材/mL,径高比为1∶8,吸附流速为1 BV/h,除杂溶剂为水,除杂体积为4 BV,除杂流速为1 BV/h,洗脱溶剂为50%乙醇,洗脱体积为8 BV,洗脱流速为1 BV/h。通过大孔吸附树脂分离纯化后,终产品中总黄酮的纯度为88.48%。结论该工艺合理、可行,适合工业生产。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化天麻眩晕宁合剂水提部位的工艺研究

目的优选天麻眩晕宁合剂水提部位的大孔吸附树脂纯化工艺。方法以天麻素、芍药苷为指标,考察上样药液浓度、上样药液流速、径高比、洗脱剂、洗脱速度等对天麻眩晕宁合剂水提部位的影响,确定大孔树脂纯化工艺条件。结果选用HPD300型号大孔树脂,径高比为1:10,最大上样量为3BV,上样药液浓度为0.5gml/生药,以4BV/h的流速上样,1BV水洗脱后,用5BV 50%乙醇4BV/h进行洗脱。结论该工艺纯化天麻眩晕宁合剂水提部位中天麻素、芍药苷是稳定、可行的。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化红花提取物的研究

目的探讨大孔吸附树脂对红花提取物的纯化条件及纯化效果。方法通过红花黄色素(SY)在树脂上的吸附量和解吸率筛选树脂的种类;以SY的保留率和转移率为指标考察药液的pH值、上柱吸附体积流量、树脂药材比、树脂柱径高比、清洗液的pH值及体积流量、洗脱液的种类及体积流量等纯化条件。与乙醇沉淀法进行纯化效果的比较。结果优化后的纯化条件为采用HPD 400A作为吸附树脂,树脂药材比为4∶1,树脂柱径高比为1∶6,上柱药液和清洗液pH值为2.0,50%乙醇作为洗脱液,上柱吸附体积流量为4 BV/h,清洗和洗脱体积流量为10BV/h。在该纯化条件下,SY的转移率为88.8%,与乙醇沉淀法相当,固形物中SY的质量分数约为乙醇沉淀法的2.6倍,固形物的质量(固形物得率)仅为乙醇沉淀法的38.5%。结论通过纯化条件的优化大大提高了SY的转移率,大孔吸附树脂法对红花提取物的纯化效果优于乙醇沉淀法。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化茄尼醇的工艺研究

目的 撂讨HPD100大孔树脂纯化茄尼醇的最佳工艺.方法 以大孔树脂的吸附容量为指标,通过正交试验考察药液溶剂,吸附柱长径比、药液浓度、吸附流速对树脂吸附容量的影响;以树脂柱解吸成品的收率及含量为指标.采用正交试验考察解吸液甲醇浓度、解吸流速、解吸液用量对成品收率及含量的影响.结果 IIPD100大孔树脂吸附茄尼醇最佳的工艺条件为:药液溶剂为甲醇-石油丁醚(85:15)、拄长径比为5:1、药液浓度10mg/mL、吸附流速IBV/h,树脂吸附容量达54.2mg/mL.最佳的解吸条件为:解吸溶剂为甲醇-石油丁醚(95:5)、解吸流速为L0BV/h、解吸液用量为12BV,该条件下茄尼醇的收率为88.7%,成品含量为91.8%.     

湖北海棠总黄酮纯化工艺研究

目的 优化湖北海棠总黄酮分离纯化工艺.方法 以总黄酮含量为评价指标,采用大孔吸附树脂法进行纯化,确定总黄酮纯化工艺条件.结果 湖北海棠总黄酮最佳分离纯化工艺为：选用HPD100型大孔树脂,树脂与药材的质量比为1∶1.74,上样药液浓度为0.15g/ml,上样流速为2BV/h,树脂径高比为1∶10,洗脱时先用4BV水洗除杂,再用4BV70％乙醇洗脱,洗脱速度为1BV/h.结论 纯化工艺简便、可行,适合工业化生产.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.