帕罗西汀治疗乳腺癌患者术前焦虑抑郁的疗效观察

目的评估帕罗西汀治疗乳腺癌改良根治术前患者焦虑及抑郁情绪的效果。方法对2009-01~2010-12住院的90例乳腺癌患者在术前进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)的评估,将HAMA评分≥14及HAMD评分≥17的焦虑抑郁患者随机分为实验组(45例)和对照组(45例)。实验组采用改良根治手术+帕罗西汀治疗,对照组仅采用改良根治手术治疗。观察4周,比较2组术后精神情绪变化及手术创面愈合情况。结果与术前基线检查相比,术后1周研究组HAMD评分大于对照组(4.3±1.6、2.7±1.5;F=0.81,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。术后4周研究组HAMD和HAMA评分均大于对照组(HAMD:12.4±1.4、5.5±1.9,F=1.9,P<0.05;HAMA:9.3±2.1、4.5±1.3,F=5.3,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。与对照组比较,实验组创面愈合天数明显缩短(9.0±2.1、19.9±5.8,F=9.914,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;术后4周,实验组患者焦虑缓解率(80.0%,36/45)高于对照组(33.3%,15/45),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),抑郁情绪缓解率(88.9%,40/45)也高于对照组(46.7%,21/45)(P<0.05)。结论对于乳腺癌患者术前给予帕罗西汀抗抑郁焦虑治疗较单纯手术治疗疗效更好。     

团体心理治疗对抗震救灾官兵抑郁焦虑症状疗效的研究

目的 研究团体心理治疗对抗震救灾官兵抑郁焦虑症状的治疗效果.方法 将60例抗震救灾官兵随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各30例,对研究组进行为期4周的一般性心理支持治疗和团体心理治疗,对照组仅实施一般性心理支持治疗.以汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估疗效.结果 治疗后两组HAMD和HAMA评分均显著低于治疗前.对抑郁的有效率,研究组为63.3%(19例),对照组为16.7%(5例),有统计学差异(χ2=13.611,P=0.000).对焦虑的有效率,研究组为46.7%(14例),对照组有效率为13.3%(4例),有统计学差异(χ2=7.937,P=0.005).结论 团体心理治疗对四川抗震救灾官兵的抑郁焦虑情绪有较好的疗效,可帮助灾难救援官兵减轻焦虑、抑郁.     

度洛西汀联合喹硫平治疗躯体化障碍的临床研究

目的探讨度洛西汀联合喹硫平治疗躯体化障碍的疗效及安全性。方法 100例躯体化障碍患者随机分为研究组(度洛西汀联合喹硫平组)和对照组(度洛西汀组),疗程8周。用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、汉密尔顿抑郁、焦虑量表(HAMD、HAMA)评定严重程度,用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应;用SCL-90躯体化因子分和HAMD量表减分率评定疗效。结果1治疗8周后,两组SCL-90各因子分、HAMD及HAMA分均呈下降趋势;研究组HAMD、HAMA、SCL-90躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑及偏执因子分均较对照组下降显著(P0.05或0.01)。研究组和对照组有效率分别为81.6%和64.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2研究组和对照组不良反应发生率分别为42%和36%(P0.05),TESS评分为[(5.21±3.60)vs.(4.80±3.80),P0.05]。结论度洛西汀联合喹硫平治疗躯体化障碍疗效优于单用度洛西汀,且安全性好。     

帕罗西汀联合氟桂利嗪防治更年期偏头痛的疗效观察

目的 观察帕罗西汀联合氟桂利嗪防治更年期偏头痛的疗效.方法 将120例更年期偏头痛患者随机分成两组,帕罗西汀联合氟桂利嗪为研究组,单用氟桂利嗪为对照组,观察治疗前后偏头痛发作次数、持续时间的变化,同时采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行评定.共观察8周.结果 治疗8周末,研究组每周偏头痛发作次数(0.5±0.3)比治疗前减少(1.1±0.5),差异有统计学意义(t=8.0,P<0.01);偏头痛持续时间(h/次)比治疗前短(2.7±0.7,7.6±3.1,t=11.9,P<0.01).治疗8周末,对照组发作次数也比治疗前减少,差异有统计学意义(0.7±0.3,2.7±0.7,t=8.0,P<0.01),偏头痛持续时间(h/次)比治疗前短(2.7±0.7,7.4±3.1,t=11.5,P<0.01);治疗8周末,研究组的发作次数少于对照组(t=3.7,P<0.05),两组偏头痛持续时间差异无统计学意义(t=0,P>0.05).治疗8周末研究组HAMD和 HAMA低于对照组(HAMD:5.9±1.8,8.7±2.3,t=7.3,P<0.01;HAMA:4.9±1.7,8.8±2.1,t=11.2,P<0.01).结论 帕罗西汀联合氟桂利嗪对预防更年期偏头痛发作优于单用氟桂利嗪.     

中药治疗文拉法辛所致消化系统不良反应

目的:探讨中药治疗文拉法辛所致消化道不良反应。方法:选取抑郁症患者70例,随机分为中药组(37例)和对照组(33例)。两组均用文拉法辛治疗,前者加用中药,后者用空白方治疗其不良反应。以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、康奈尔医学指数(CMI)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)观察疗效和不良反应。结果:中药组和对照组在治疗前与治疗4周经HAMD、HAMA评定,两组减分值差异无显著性(P>0.05),两组的CMI在治疗前与治疗4周的减分值差异有显著性(F=4.29,P<0.05);TESS量表测评在治疗1周与治疗4周的减分值两组差异有显著性(F=4.52,P<0.05)。结论:中药对文拉法辛所致消化道不良反应有较好疗效。     

度洛西汀合并认知治疗对更年期女性抑郁症患者的疗效比较

目的评价度洛西汀合并认知治疗对更年期女性抑郁症患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用数字随机法将符合ICD-10诊断标准的60例更年期抑郁症患者分为研究组和对照组,各30例。研究组给予度洛西汀合并认知治疗,对照组单用度洛西汀治疗,疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果两组治疗8周后HAMD、HAMA评分与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),研究组在1、2、4、8周末HAMD、HAMA评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01),减分率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论度洛西汀合并认知治疗对更年期女性抑郁症患者疗效优于单用度洛西汀。     

低频调制中频电治疗对伴疼痛老年抑郁症患者的辅助治疗作用

目的:探讨低频调制中频电治疗对老年抑郁症患者伴发的疼痛症状及总体抗抑郁效果的影响。方法:65例伴有疼痛不适症状的老年抑郁症患者随机分为对照组(n=33,接受度洛西汀治疗)和研究组(n=32,度洛西汀联合低频调制中频电治疗),观察6周。分别在基线、治疗3周和6周时采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定抑郁程度,用疼痛程度视觉模拟量表(VAS)评定主观疼痛感受,并在治疗6周用Asberg抗抑郁剂不良反应量表(SERS)评定不良反应。结果:重复测量方差分析显示,组别×HAMD评分、组别×VAS评分的交互作用显著(F=4.970,F=6.160;P均0.01)。简单效应分析显示,两组HAMD及VAS评分治疗后均较治疗前显著降低(P均0.05),治疗3周和6周,研究组HAMD及VAS评分显著低于对照组(P均0.05)。治疗6周研究组HAMD及VAS减分率显著高于对照组(t=3.449,t=3.086;P均0.01);SERS评分两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:低频调制中频电治疗可显著减轻老年抑郁症患者伴发的疼痛症状;并对总体抗抑郁效果具有增效作用。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗抑郁症负性认知及情绪的疗效观察

目的探讨药物治疗基础上联合重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)对抑郁症患者负性认知及情绪的影响。方法将抑郁症患者60例随机分为研究组(n=30,在氟西汀治疗的基础上联合rTMS)及对照组(n=30,单用氟西汀治疗),在治疗前、治疗2周、4周、6周末,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项版本(Hamilton rating scale for depression,HAMD-24)评估患者抑郁程度,采用自动思维量表(automatic thoughts questionnaire,ATQ)评估患者负性认知情况。结果重复测量方差分析显示,HAMD-24评分的组别×时间交互作用无统计学意义(F=0.455,P=0.586),组别主效应(F=11.754,P=0.001)与时间主效应(F=787.600,P0.001)均有统计学意义,随时间推移,两组HAMD评分降低均有统计学意义(P0.001)。治疗6周末研究组的HAMD减分率高于对照组(77.1%±6.8%vs.72.4%±9.7%,t=2.152,P=0.036)。ATQ评分的组别×时间交互作用有统计学意义(F=6.512,P=0.004),治疗后两组ATQ评分降低均有统计学意义(P0.001),且研究组在治疗2周末、4周末、6周末的评分均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论药物联合rTMS不仅有助于改善抑郁症患者的抑郁情绪,也有利于改善其负性认知。     

抑郁症患者治疗前后血浆皮质醇水平的变化

目的:探讨抑郁症患者治疗前后血浆皮质醇水平的变化。方法:对160例抑郁症患者给予抗抑郁药治疗6周,分别于治疗前及治疗后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评估及血浆皮质醇水平检测。结果:本组治疗前后HAMD总分分别为(24.98±5.10)和(7.57±5.61);HAMA总分分别为(20.62±6.90)和(6.21±5.17);血浆皮质醇水平分别为(407.34±144.29)nmol/L和(354.64±137.13)nmol/L。治疗后HAMD总分、HAMA总分及血浆皮质醇水平较治疗前明显下降(P均<0.001);不同性别间血浆皮质醇水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血浆皮质醇变化值与HAMD、HAMA减分率不相关(r=0.084,r=0.049;P均>0.05)。结论:抗抑郁药物治疗可显著降低抑郁症患者血浆皮质醇水平。     

焦虑症患者不良情绪与认知功能损害的相关性

目的研究焦虑症患者不良情绪与认知功能损害的关系。方法选取2015年6月至2016年6月期间我院门诊就诊和病区收治的102例焦虑症患者作为观察组,100例健康者作为对照组,比较两组受试者的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分及认知功能损害的发生率,分析MoCA与HAMA/HAMD评分的相关性。结果观察组患者HAMA评分(19.7±5.3),HAMD评分(23.4±5.6),MoCA评分(25.0±1.9),认知功能损害发生率82.35%(84/102);对照组的HAMA评分(8.8±3.5),HAMD评分(7.1±1.3),MoCA评分(27.2±2.5),认知功能损害发生率13.00%(13/100)。观察组患者HAMA、HAMD及认知功能损害的发生率高于对照组,观察组的MoCA低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。焦虑症患者的MoCA评分与HAMA评分(r=-0.226,P=0.027)及HAMD评分(r=-0.231,P=0.015)呈显著负相关。结论焦虑症患者的焦虑、抑郁等情绪对患者的认知功能具有负面影响。     

视频脑电图在小儿癫痫诊断中的应用

目的评价视频脑电图(video-EEG)在小儿癫诊断中的应用价值。方法对126例具有发作性症状的患儿进行连续8h的包括清醒、睡眠、诱发试验及必要的认知测验的视频脑电图监测。结果经发作期视频脑电图证实,39例初诊为癫性发作的患儿中14例(35%)为非癫性发作;15例其他症状发作中13例(86%)为非癫性发作。64例样放电患儿中51例(80%)确定发作类型,22例(34%)确定癫类型。视频脑电图可发现短暂轻微的癫发作及样放电引起的一过性认知损伤。结论视频脑电图在排除非癫性发作、确定癫性发作的类型、评价脑电-临床关系方面可提供准确可靠的证据,进一步提高癫的临床诊断水平。     

Role of glutathione in repair of free radical damage in hippocampus in vitro.

Depletion of glutathione (GSH), an intrinsic antioxidant, increases vulnerability to free radical damage in a number of cell systems. This study investigates the role of GSH in limiting electrophysiological damage and/or recovery from free radical exposure in slices of guinea pig hippocampus. Synaptic potentials (PSPs) and population spikes (PSs) were recorded from field CA1. Free radicals were generated from 0.006% peroxide through the Fenton reaction. Analysis of the input-output curves showed that peroxide treatment decreased PSPs and impaired ability of the PSPs to generate PSs as previously reported. Recovery was nearly total within a half hour. Treatment with 5 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) for 2 h depleted hippocampal GSH to 79.2% of control values. The extent of free radical damage was not increased. Recovery, however, was only partial. GSH was further depleted by oxidation with diamide or covalent bonding with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) immediately before and during the peroxide treatment. Neither diamide nor DMF treatment in BSO-incubated tissue enhanced peroxide-induced electrophysiological deficits. Following these treatments, however, tissue showed little recovery from free radical damage. We conclude that glutathione is essential for repair processes in hippocampal neurons exposed to oxidative damage.     

Neuroprotective properties of memantine in different in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity

The pathogenesis of stroke, trauma and chronic degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been linked to excitotoxic processes due to inappropriate stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R). Attempts to use potent competitive NMDA-R antagonists as neuroprotectants have shown serious side-effects in patients. As an alternative approach, we were interested in the anti-excitotoxic properties of memantine, a well-tolerated low affinity uncompetitive NMDA-R antagonist presently used as an anti-dementia agent. We explored in a series of models of increasing complexity, whether this voltage-dependent channel blocker had neuroprotective properties at clinically relevant concentrations. As expected, memantine protected neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices or dissociated cultures from direct NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. However, low concentrations of memantine were also effective in neuronal (cortical neurons and cerebellar granule cells) stress models dependent on endogenous glutamate stimulation and mitochondrial stress, i.e. exposure to hypoxia, the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) or a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Furthermore, memantine reduced lethality and brain damage in vivo in a model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Finally, we investigated functional rescue (neuronal capacity to migrate along radial glia) by memantine in cerebellar microexplant cultures exposed to the indirect excitotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Potent NMDA-R antagonists, such as (+)MK-801, are known to block neuronal migration in microexplant cultures. Interestingly, memantine significantly restored the number of neurons able to migrate out of the stressed microexplants. These findings suggest that inhibition of the NMDA-R by memantine is sufficient to block excitotoxicity, while still allowing some degree of signalling.     

Knowledge of management of epilepsy in young adults in Jordan

PURPOSE: Nationwide studies on public knowledge of epilepsy have been undertaken in several countries, but not in Jordan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge of the management of epilepsy in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed during the period February-June 2005 on 16,044 individuals selected randomly to represent all regions of Jordan. Respondents were interviewed and asked to complete a five-item questionnaire testing their knowledge of the management of epilepsy. RESULTS: Most of the individuals (77.9%) agreed that patients with epilepsy are best treated in a specialized hospital for neurological diseases. Although the largest percentage of the sample (86.7%) agreed that the best person to treat epilepsy is a neurologist, others believed that a hypnotherapist (25.4%) or a religious healer (22.6%) is. As an immediate measure during an attack of epilepsy, most respondents (82.6%) agreed that protecting the patient's head is most important. During the postseizure period, 45.8% of respondents believed that offering the patient water or a cold or hot drink is appropriate. Two-thirds of the respondents (66.2%) agreed that epilepsy can be treated with drugs. Responses of the participants to the five items significantly differed with respect to age, gender, level of education, and occupation. CONCLUSION: Jordanians are reasonably well informed about most aspects of the management of epilepsy, but there is still a need for public education about this disorder.