钙通道阻滞剂的临床应用

钙通道阻滞剂是一种选择性阻滞细胞上慢通道(钙通道)抑制电位依赖性钙离子向细胞内流入的药物。它可使平滑机松弛,心肌收缩减弱和冠状动脉张力降低而发挥临床治疗作用。从作为降压和冠心病治疗药物开始迄今,又有新的发展。     

钙通道阻滞剂的临床应用

为促进临床合理用药，全面阐述钙通道阻滞剂的药理，化学结构，深入探讨钙通道阻滞剂的临床应用，指出该类药物不仅是心血管病重要而常用的治疗药物，而且目前其治疗范围已延伸至其他领域。     

钙通道阻滞剂的临床应用评价

目的 :评价钙道阻滞剂 (CalciumChannelBlockers ,CCB)的临床疗效及安全性 ,以供临床医师合理用药参考。方法 :根据国内、外近期有关CCB的试验结果和文献进行评价、分析。结果与结论 :CCB已成为治疗心血管疾病的基本药物之一 ,特别是在抗高血压方面尤为突出。     

钙通道阻滞剂在心血管系统的临床应用

本文对钙通道阻滞剂在抗高血压，抗心绞痛、抗心律失常及抗心衰和改善左室功能等方面的临床应用机理及疗效作了评述。     

钙通道阻滞剂在冠心病心绞痛治疗中的应用

钙通道阻滞剂又称钙拮抗剂,是一类选择性阻滞钙通道,抑制细胞外钙离子内流,降低细胞内钙离子浓度从而对心肌收缩性、窦房结功能、房室传导、周围血管、脑血管和冠脉循环有广泛作用的药物[1].各种制剂目前广泛应用于心血管系统疾病,包括高血压病、冠心病、心律失常和心肌病等,长期应用可保护血管床,抗动脉粥样硬化,减少高血压引起的左室肥厚和改善舒张功能.     

钙通道阻滞剂在冠心病心绞痛治疗中的应用

钙通道阻滞剂又称钙拮抗剂,是一类选择性阻滞钙通道,抑制细胞外钙离子内流,降低细胞内钙离子浓度从而对心肌收缩性、窦房结功能、房室传导、周围血管、脑血管和冠脉循环有广泛作用的药物[1]。各种制剂目前广泛应用于心血管系统疾病,包括高血压病、冠心病、心律失常和心肌病等,长期应用可保护血管床,抗动脉粥样硬化,     

钙通道阻滞剂临床应用进展

钙通道阻滞剂（calcium channel blockers,CCB）又称Ca^2＋拮抗剂，是药理学、化学结构、生理作用和临床应用呈多样性的～组药物，是心血管病药物治疗学发展中继B受体阻滞剂后的又一个具有重要地位的药物。CCB不仅是治疗心血管病重要而常用的药物之一，目前其治疗范围又扩增至其他领域．现将其临床应用进展综述如下。     

T型钙通道阻滞剂的临床应用进展

T型钙通道是一种低电压钙通道,在体内分布广泛,参与多种生理过程。T型钙通道阻滞剂是目前关注较多的一种新型钙通道阻滞剂,除具备与传统钙通道阻滞剂相似的降压作用外,还具有如降低心肌自律性、抗心肌重塑、保护肾功能、抗交感神经等药理作用。对T型钙通道阻滞剂的药理作用、药物相互作用与不良反应等研究进展进行综述,从而了解T型钙通道阻滞剂在临床实践中的应用现状,探索和开发其在临床实践中的新使用价值。     

钙通道阻滞剂对血管平滑肌的作用机制与临床应用

目的：评价钙通道阻滞剂（calcium channel blockers,CCB）的临床疗效及安全性,以供临床医师合理用药参考。方法：根据国内、外近期有关CCB的试验结果和文献进行评价、分析。结果：CCB已成为治疗心血管疾病的基本药物之一,特别是在抗高血压方面尤为突出。结论：钙通道阻滞剂对血管平滑肌、支气管平滑肌、泌尿道平滑肌、子宫平滑肌、胆道平滑肌有明显的作用,在临床上有着广泛的应用前景。     

Parkinsonian syndrome and calcium channel blockers

(1) Parkinsonian syndromes have occasionally been attributed to diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, sometimes with a positive rechallenge. (2) Verapamil and amlodipine have also been implicated. (3) Prescribers should be aware of the possible role of these drugs in patients presenting with a parkinsonian syndrome.     

Comparing the use of short-acting and long-acting calcium channel blockers in an HMO

One of the questions surrounding the controversy over the risks of MI among hypertensives taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is the dosage form, and whether the short-acting form may be more likely than the long-acting to increase the risk of MI. This preliminary study compared HMO members receiving the two dosage forms by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and by utilization (hospital, office visits, emergency room, outside of HMO services) prior to and during CCB use. The sampling frame was members with one or more dispensings for a CCB 1990 through 1994. Incident users were those who received one or more CCB dispensings and no cardiovascular disease-related drugs the year prior to their first dispensing of a CCB. CCB users were those who had at least 90 days of continuous CCB use. Short-acting outnumbered long-acting users by eight to one. Few incident users of long-acting CCBs were found. Among incident users, diagnoses and comorbidities were similar. In general, short-acting users appeared to have less risk of exposure to heart-related medications, but similar risks of exposure to non-heart-related drugs and to utilization of the various services during the year prior to first use. The odds of being exposed to heart-related medications and non-heart related medications and use of services during periods of use of CCBs were similar in general, but where differences were observed, the odds of being exposed were less among short-acting users. Users of the two dosage forms in this setting prior to reports questioning the safety of short-acting CCBs were different quantitatively and qualitatively making a retrospective comparative study difficult, perhaps not possible, due to substantial selection bias among users. Further patient selection bias has also undoubtedly occurred subsequent to the reports. The final answer to the relative safety and effectiveness of the different dosage forms of calcium channel blockers is likely to have come from randomized clinical trials.     

Interactions between analgesics and calcium channel blockers

1. The findings, derived from different experimental models, examined in this review, provide evidence that the calcium channel blockers and related drugs possess analgesic effects. 2. The antinociceptive action that some analgesic drugs exhibit may be related to calcium channel blockade. 3. Evidence from a variety of biochemical and pharmacological experimental approaches, support the existence of an interelation between the calcium modulators and the opioid drugs. 4. This idea agrees with the novel neuropharmacological hypothesis that a common very high affinity binding site for multiple neurotransmitters could exist, as has been proposed by Pasternak and Wood (1986). 5. This hypothesis could be extended to the neuromodulators or other neuromediators.     

Pharmacologic effects of calcium channel blockers on restenosis

The understanding and control of the healing process after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and of the pathogenesis of restenosis are incomplete. To date, only stent implantation has been shown to successfully reduce the rate of restenosis. Calcium channel blockers have positive effects on a number of processes that may be associated with restenosis, including reduction of platelet aggregation, minimization of vasospasm, and inhibition of mitogens. Clinical trials have therefore been performed to assess the effect of calcium channel blockers on restenosis and ischemia. A meta-analysis of five restenosis trials investigating calcium channel blockers demonstrated a 30% reduction in the risk for restenosis. The Coronary Angioplasty Amlodipine Restenosis Study (CAPARES) is therefore assessing the effect of amlodipine, a long-acting, third-generation calcium channel blocker in angioplasty patients. Therapy (amlodipine 5 mg with a forced titration to 10 mg once daily, or placebo), is begun 2 weeks before angioplasty and is continued for 4 months after the procedure. The rationale of CAPARES is that amlodipine may offer anti-ischemic protection before, during, and after angioplasty, may have more beneficial effects on restenosis and various clinical end points than calcium channel blockers used in previous trials, and may improve the long-term outcome of PTCA therapy.     

Influence of calcium channel blockers on GABAA receptor

This study was undertaken to address effects of the interactions between calcium transients and serotonergic action on the regulation of sleep architecture and c - Fos expression （as a marker of neuronal activation） in VLPO and TMN induced by pentobarbital （PB） and the influence of Ca^2＋ channel blockers （CCB） on GABAA receptor.