城市低保与非低保对象心理状况分析

[目的]了解低保对象的心理状况,探讨低保对象与非低保对象之间的心理状况的差异,以更好的帮助低保对象走出低保。[方法]采用系统和整群抽样相结合的方法抽取445名低保对象,并选取445名非低保对象进行1︰1配对,对890名调查对象进行入户调查。[结果]调查对象年龄平均为(51.21±14.86)岁,男性占40.00%。低保对象文化程度低、高危家庭偏多、职业不稳定、收入低、慢性病患病率高、社会保障率低,61.80%有睡眠障碍,51.01%在近1年中受挫,SCL-90的10个因子的得分均高于非低保者,心理测试结果阳性率比非低保者高13.03%。[结论]相对非低保对象,低保对象具有"三低三高"特点,心理状况差。     

徐州市城市低保对象生存质量现状调查

目的 为增强城市最低生活保障制度的实施效果,探讨城市低保对象与非低保人员之间生存质量的差异.方法 采用系统和整群抽样相结合的方法抽取445名低保对象,并选取445名非低保人员进行1:1配对,对890名调查对象进行入户调查.结果 调查对象年龄平均为(51.21±14.86)岁,男性占40.00%.相对非低保人员,低保对象基本情况、健康状况和心理状况均差,社会支持弱(P＜0.01).结论 城市低保对象生存质量远远低于非低保人员.     

徐州市低保居民生命质量现状调查

目的 评价城市最低生活保障制度的实施效果。方法 采用系统和整群抽样相结合的方法抽取445名低保居民,并选取445名非低保居民,进行1∶1配对,对890名调查对象进行入户调查,分析享受低保补助的城市居民与非低保人群之间生命质量差异。结果 调查对象年龄平均为(51.21±14.86)岁,男性占40.00%。相对非低保人员,低保人员文化程度低、高危家庭(指家庭成员中有失业、重大疾病)偏多、职业不稳定、收入低、住房面积小、健康总体自评差、健康状况恶化、体力适度差、慢性病患病率高、就医情况差和基本医疗保障覆盖率低等。结论 相对非低保人员,低保人员具有\     

城市社区低保人员健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解城市低保人员健康状况并分析其影响因素,为制定提高该人群健康状况的措施提供参考。方法采用系统和整群抽样的方法抽取徐州市低保人员445人作为调查对象,并抽取445名非低保人员进行1:1配对,以面对面询问方式进行入户调查。结果低保人员健康自评比非低保人员差,两周患病率和慢性病患病率比非低保人员高(20.4%15.3%,2χ=4.05,P=0.044;56.0%42.4%,2χ=16.18,P=0.0001)。logistic回归分析表明女性(OR=1.54)、非在婚(OR=3.90)、不经常运动(OR=1.81)、患慢性病(OR=4.76)、健康状况比去年变差(OR=4.10)、没有参加社会保险(OR=2.04)是影响低保人员健康的危险因素。结论低保人员健康状况较差,应采取综合性措施提高其健康水平。     

城市低保人群心理卫生状况及干预效果评价

[目的]评价低保人员心理干预措施的效果,以期找到对该人群进行心理干预的方法。[方法]采用系统和整群抽样的方法抽取徐州市低保人员445人为调查对象,并选取455名非低保人员进行1︰1配对。将低保人员分为干预组和对照组,对干预组实施以社区为基础的综合心理干预。干预方法主要有心理健康讲座、心理咨询和心理剧治疗等。使用SCL-90量表进行心理卫生状况调查并评价心理干预效果。[结果]SCL-90量表评分显示低保人员10个因子分均高于非低保人员,心理卫生状况较差。实施心理干预后,干预组的人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对和其他项目4个因子分及总得分均低于对照组(P﹤0.05),而对照组的人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对和其他项目4个因子分均比干预前提高(P﹤0.05)。[结论]通过实施社区综合心理干预,低保人员心理卫生问题得到一定程度的改善,应继续对这一群体进行心理干预。     

我国农村低保人群住院服务可及性研究

目的 分析比较农村地区的低保人群和非低保人群发生应该住院治疗而未住院的风险差异,提出增强低保对象住院服务可及性的政策建议.方法 基于2009年以分层整群抽样对5省农村居民入户调查获取的24 093个样本数据,描述低保和非低保人群在性别、年龄、受教育程度及慢病患病率上的差异,并通过控制上述混杂因素,比较低保和非低保人群住院服务可及性的差异.结果 控制混杂因素后,低保人群发生该住院而未住院的概率是非低保人群的2.06倍(P<0.001),且这种差异随着年龄的推移而增长.结论 农村低保人群的住院服务公平性和住院服务可及性较差,应加大对该人群的政策支持力度,改善其住院服务可及性,以更好地保障所有社会成员基本医疗服务的公平性.     

新疆某市低保人群宫颈疾病筛查KAP调查

目的:了解新疆某市低保人群的宫颈癌筛查的相关知识、态度、行为情况。方法:以某市的低保女性人群为调查对象,应用自行设计的KAP调查问卷对研究对象进行调查,由研究对象自主填写问卷,并用EpiDate 3.1建立数据库,应用SPSS 17.0进行数据分析。结果:新疆某市低保人群女性宫颈癌的HPV阳性检出率为24.8%,HPV阳性组人群有关宫颈癌防治的KAP得分为(8.2±2.4)分,高于HPV阴性组人群得分(7.9±2.5)分,差异具有统计学意义(t=1.467,P=0.027)。研究对象的受教育程度对宫颈癌的筛查结果有一定的影响。结论:加强宫颈癌相关知识的健康教育,宣传疾病筛查的必要性,是宫颈癌防治工作的重要环节。     

淄博市低保妇女与企事业单位女工妇女病普查结果分析

目的掌握淄博市低保妇女健康状况,为政府采取针对性扶助措施提供科学依据。方法对2008年淄博市张店区10000名低保妇女免费妇女病普查结果与2690名企事业单位女工妇科病普查结果进行汇总,并进行统计学分析。结果该次普查中低保妇女妇科病检出率89.35%,前3位疾病分别为宫颈炎(52.33%)、阴道炎(46.63%)、盆腔炎和附件炎(30.15%);企事业单位女工妇女病检出率55.08%。企事业单位女工前3位疾病分别为宫颈炎(42.03%)、阴道炎(32.35%)、乳腺增生(26.08%)。结论该市低保妇女普查率低,患病率高,与企事业单位女工相比,两者之间有明显差异,P0.01。因此,要重视对低保妇女的妇科病普查,市政府可采取倾斜政策,加大投入,保障低保妇女的健康普查,做到早发现、早诊断和早治疗。     

济南市城市低保居民卫生服务需要与需求分析

通过对济南市城市低保居民卫生服务需要、需求情况进行调查,使用描述性分析方法对相关指标进行了分析.该市低保居民卫生服务需要程度高;需要转化成需求的比例较低,经济困难是抑制其有效转化的主要原因.     

11411名农村低保人员健康状况与疾病谱调查分析

目的了解农村低保人群疾病谱,便于政府部门制定有针对性卫生政策。方法通过对11411名低保对象进行病史了解、相应仪器检查和对结果综合分析做出诊断,对多发的前20位疾病分综合与不同性别按率进行排列,有关数据进行统计学处理。结果 (1)低保群体的患病率明显高于一般群体。(2)低保群体疾病谱与普通人群有明显区别。(3)多发疾病具有明显的性别差异。(4)同性别不同年龄,多发疾病的比例不同。结论低保人群疾病谱不同于普通人群,所患疾病在不同性别、不同年龄中有不同特点,政府应当制定有针对性的卫生与劳动保障政策,确保他们的心理与身体健康,以降低因病致贫、因病返贫率。     

GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》的修订

GJB 823B-2016《军人营养素供给量》是对总后勤部1998年批准颁布实施的GJB 823A-1998《军人营养素供给量》的修订。修订后的标准保留了原标准中陆勤、海勤、空勤的划分,根据近年来研究进展,对其中的一些维生素、矿物质的供给量进行了调整,对膳食营养素质量提出了一些新的要求,并增设了一些重要常量元素的供给量和部分维生素、矿物质可耐受最高摄入量。该标准的实施对于保障我军官兵身心健康,提高战斗力,打赢未来战争具有重要意义。     

军人营养素供给量

《军人营养素供给量》是对总后勤部１９８９年批准颁布实施的《中国人民解放军军人日膳食营养素供给量》（ＪＧＢ８２３－８９）进行修订和补充后形成的。修订后的标准，将全全军人员的作业类别划分为陆、海、空勤。提高了陆勤作业人员和蛋白质的供给量；在海勤人员中增设了核潜艇人员的能量和营养素供给量；在陆、海、空勤中均增设了锌、硒、碘和维生素Ｄ、Ｅ的供给量；同时也增加了在特殊环境条件下特殊军事作业的部队营养素的供给     

关于我国城市农民工子女生存和健康状况研究综述

随着我国经济的快速发展,许多城市出现了农民工这一特殊的群体,同时农民工子女也在城市学龄儿童中占了相当的比例,是城市儿童中不可忽视的一个特殊群体。农民工子女所处的社会和家庭环境直接影响着他们在城市的生存和健康状况,关注和提高农民工子女的生存和健康状况对提高中华民族的整体素质、体现社会公平性、构建社会主义和谐社会都是十分必要的。     

Retailer participation in cigarette company incentive programs is related to increased levels of cigarette advertising and cheaper cigarette prices in stores

PURPOSE: The retail outlet is the cigarette companies' major marketing channel to reach present and future customers. Of the $11.2 billion spent by them to market their products in 2001, approximately 85% was spent on retailer and consumer incentives to stimulate sales. This study examines the extent of retailer participation in these incentive programs, and the relationship between participation and the amount and placement of cigarette marketing materials and products, and prices in stores. METHODS: Observational assessments of cigarette marketing materials, products, and prices were conducted in 468 stores in 15 U.S. states. Telephone interviews were conducted with store owners or managers of these stores to determine the details of their participation in incentive programs. RESULTS: Cigarette companies engaged 65% of retailers in an incentive program. Nearly 80% of participating retailers reported cigarette company control over placement of marketing materials in their stores. Stores that reported receiving over $3,000 from incentive programs in the past 3 months averaged 19.5 cigarette marketing materials, and stores receiving no money averaged only 8.2 marketing materials. In multivariate analyses, participation in incentive programs offered by Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds was positively related to the number of cigarette marketing materials for each of these companies' brands in stores and the placement of their cigarettes on the top shelf. The price of Newports was significantly lower in stores that received incentives; no price difference was found for Marlboro. CONCLUSIONS: Stores that participate in cigarette company incentive programs feature more prominent placement of cigarettes and advertising, and may have cheaper cigarette prices.     

From the AAAS Symposium on Arteriosclerosis

Offering discounts on list prices in exchange for a large volume of business is a common practice in the healthcare industry. However, little is known about the characteristics of hospitals that engage in this practice or about the circumstances that promote this strategy. On the basis of data from the American Hospital Association and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the authors reveal that hospital size, Medicare patient volume, net income, medical school affiliation, location in a metropolitan statistical area, and hospital system membership are factors positively linked with the amount of discounts provided by hospitals to third-party payers.     

A 24-h recall does not provide a valid estimate of absolute nutrient intakes for rural women in southern Ethiopia

Objective

To investigate the relative validity of a multiple-pass interactive 24-h recall (24-HR) for assessing nutrient intakes of a group of rural Ethiopian women.

Methods

Dietary intakes from a 24-HR were compared with weighed record (WR) intakes collected on the same day for 58 women of child-bearing age from three subsistence farming communities in Sidama. The impact of memory lapses, use of average recipe data, and inaccurate portion size estimates on 24-HR intakes was also assessed.

Results

Median daily intakes of energy and most nutrients (except fat and phytate) were lower (P < 0.05) by the 24-HR versus the WR. Controlling for energy densities decreased the discrepancies to lower than ±6%, except for vitamin C. No significant differences between the two methods existed for the contribution of six food groups to energy intakes (percentages). Fewer than 40% of 24-HR intakes were ±10% of the WR. After classifying intakes (per day) into quartiles, Cohen’s κ values were poor (<4.0) for protein, iron, retinol, and dietary fiber and fair (≥0.40 to ≤0.75) for energy and other nutrients; all values per megajoule were mostly fair. Bland-Altman plots confirmed a negative bias for daily energy and nutrient intakes with the 24-HR versus WRs. Discrepancies were attributed mainly to inaccurate portion size estimates.

Conclusion

In this setting, the 24-HR cannot be substituted for the WR to assess absolute nutrient intakes for a group or the prevalence of inadequate intakes but could be used for energy-adjusted intakes. Prior training may improve the accuracy of the 24-HR.