经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术与外科治疗单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄的对比研究

目的　探讨经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术 (PBPV)替代外科手术治疗单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄(IVPS)的可行性。方法　外科组包括 3 1例IVPS患者 ,PBPV组为同期接受PBPV的 14 6例IVPS患者。比较 2种方法的疗效和费用等情况。结果　PBPV组技术成功率为 10 0 % ,无严重并发症发生 ;外科组3 1例全部手术成功 ,无死亡 ,术后出现中量胸腔积液 2例 ,肺不张 1例 ,气胸 1例 ,重度三尖瓣关闭不全 1例。两组间术前、术后及随访中的肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差 (PG)值无显著性差异 ;两组的平均总费用相似 (P >0 .0 5) ,但西药费外科组显著高于PBPV组 ,器材费PBPV组明显高于外科组 (均P <0 .0 5)。结论　PBPV术疗效与外科手术相当 ,但较外科手术有更好的效价比 ,更易被患者所接受 ,PBPV术可以替代外科手术 ,成为治疗IVPS的首选方法     

经皮穿刺球囊扩张成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄

报告8例经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣扩张成形术(PBPV)的结果。本组男性3例,女性5例,年龄5～26岁。7倒用单球囊、1例双球囊扩张。肺动脉瓣口直径由8.4±2.2扩张至16.4±1.5mm,右室收缩压由16.9±5.3下降至9.1±3.8kPa,右室-肺动脉压差由14.9±5.1降至6.6±3.9kPa;心排血指数由3.2±0.3增加至5.1±0.7L/min·m~(-2)(P均<0.001)。治疗后症状消失或基本消失,杂音明显减轻。术后4～5天出院。     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄16例体会

目的　评价经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术对肺动脉瓣狭窄的治疗效果。临床资料　我院自1998年9月～2 0 0 4年7月共完成16例肺动脉瓣狭窄球囊扩张,女8例,男8例,年龄2～5 8岁,单纯PS9例,合并房缺1例,术前经病史、体格检查、超声心动图等检查确诊。其中术前经多普勒超声估测跨瓣压差。方法　经皮Seldinger穿刺右股静脉成功后,常规行右心导管检查,测跨瓣压差。用6F猪尾巴导管行右室造影:测量肺动脉瓣环直径来选择球囊大小。前7例用J型钢丝经右心导管送至左上或下肺动脉远端,后9例用左房钢丝盘在扩张的肺动脉内。用扩张管扩张皮下及股静脉,前14例用Inoue左房室瓣球囊,后2例用自制肺动脉瓣球囊,参照造影影像定位,将球囊前囊打起,后撤至肺动脉瓣口上,将后囊打起,腰部消失反复扩张2～3次,听诊杂音,撤出左房钢丝,用球囊连续测压,测术后跨瓣压,再次右室造影(取左侧位)。结果　16例患者手术均获成功,术前跨瓣压差2 5～110mmHg,术后跨瓣压12～4 2mmHg ,术前多普勒超声估测跨瓣压差2 4～112mmHg,术后估测跨瓣压差15～4 0mmHg ,其中以重度狭窄者扩张效果最好,有1例术后跨瓣压差为0。但重度狭窄...     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的临床应用

目的:观察经皮球囊成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的疗效和安全性。方法:男性4例,女性2例,年龄8～19岁,平均11.7岁,均行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗。结果:肺动脉至右心室平均收缩压差由术前9.1kPa降至术后3.6kPa。结论:经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术是治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的首选方法。     

经皮双球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(附8例报告)

报道经皮双球囊肺动脉瓣成形术8例,全部术前诊断均为单纯先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄,不伴有其他心内畸形。男5例,女3例,年龄以6～55岁。双球囊直径比肺动脉瓣环直径平均大50±35％,最大达89％,每次扩张充盈时间5～10s。术前右室—肺动脉收缩压差4.4～17.6kPa,平均9.7士4.2kPa,术后降至3.2±1.9kPa,有7例平均压差降至2.6±1.1kPa。本组无重要并发症,除1例外疗效均好。文中尚介绍了双球囊导管操作方法和疗效评判标准,并就适应证,狭窄口定位及球囊选择作了讨论。     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄48例

目的 评估经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)的临床疗效.方法 总结近11年经临床、心电图、X线及超声心动图证实为单纯PS 48例.行瓣膜扩张术前先确定PS的类型和测量瓣环大小,球囊直径选择比瓣环径线大20％ ～ 40％,扩张后即刻测肺动脉与右心室跨瓣压差(△P),观察比较PBPV后肺动脉瓣开放、射流及肺动脉瓣、右房室瓣反流情况.结果 48例患者中38例采用单球囊,10例双球囊扩张,均扩张成功,无任何严重并发症发生.结论 PBPV是治疗单纯PS安全、有效的介入治疗方法,无严重并发症,已成为治疗PS的首选方法.     

经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的护理

目的:为探讨经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术患者的护理及预防并发症发生的方法.方法:对151例接受介入治疗的肺动脉瓣狭窄患者进行回顾性分析,并针对各自的并发症实施相应护理对策.结果:151例患者介入治疗技术成功率100%,术中72例出现偶发室早,8例出现短阵室速,2例出现窦性心动过缓;术后有12例出现右室流出道痉挛,151例均有轻度肺动脉瓣反流,住院3天出院,未发现肺动脉瓣有再狭窄者.结论:准确的术前决策,充分的术前准备,积极的术中、术后监护处理,对保证患者顺利通过手术、预防或减少并发症发生有重要意义.     

经皮单球囊与双球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的对比观察

作者对经皮单球囊肺动脉瓣成形术１７例和双球囊扩张４０例的效果进行比较。扩张前两组右室收缩压分别为１１．７６±３．９４ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）与１２．６１±４．３３ｋＰａ；跨瓣压差分别为８．１１±３．６８ｋＰａ与８．４０±４．６１ｋＰａ（Ｐ＞０．０５）。扩张后右室收缩压分别为６．４８±１．６６ｋＰａ与７．０５±３．４４ｋＰａ；跨瓣压差分别为２．０１±１．５１ｋＰａ与２．１５±１．７８ｋＰａ（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果提示单球囊与双球囊扩张的效果相同。     

Percutaneous balloon dilation angioplasty of pulmonary artery branch stenosis

Congenital or acquired branch pulmonary artery stenosis can produce significant right ventricular hypertension and complicate the management of patients with tetralogy of Fallot. Repair is difficult using conventional surgical techniques. Balloon dilation angioplasty may be beneficial to some patients with these lesions. The technique currently used at the University of Minnesota is described. Results indicate that half of attempted dilations are successful with increased diameter of the narrowed areas, decreased pressure gradient, and improved pulmonary blood flow to the involved lung. Failure may be caused by technical limitations (28%) or lesions that are not dilatable with current equipment (22%). Undilatable lesions are more common in children over 2 years of age, in isolated pulmonary artery stenosis, and with associated surgical shunts. Complications are uncommon.     

球囊扩张及内支架成形术治疗气管良恶性狭窄的临床应用

目的 评价X线监视下内支架成形术和球囊扩张术治疗良恶性气管狭窄的临床意义.方法 回顾分析45例气道狭窄患者,其中恶性气管狭窄37例,包括纵隔淋巴结转移14例、食管癌13例、肺癌4例、支气管腺癌3例、淋巴瘤2例、喉癌1例;良性气管狭窄8例,包括支气管内膜结核6例、胸骨后甲状腺腺瘤1例、气管插管后1例.对其中38例患者行气道内支架成形术,7例患者行球囊扩张术.所有操作均在X线透视下完成.结果 38例患者共放置53枚支架,除1例死于痰液窒息外,其他患者术后临床症状均即刻缓解,随访无支架移位;4例患者发生再狭窄,分别行再次内支架成形术和球囊扩张术.7例患者共行19次球囊扩张术,术后症状明显缓解,无复发.平均随访24.5个月(0～124个月),31例因疾病死亡,无与支架或球囊扩张相关死亡病例.结论 X线透视下行内支架成形术和球囊扩张术是治疗良恶性气管狭窄的安全、快速、有效方法.     

Autoperfusion balloon catheter for treatment of vertebral artery stenosis

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the vertebral artery was performed with an autoperfusion balloon catheter in five patients. There were no complications in the form of embolic episodes or neurological deficits due to brain ischaemia during inflation. In critical cases with insufficient collateral circulation during temporary occlusion, the use of an autoperfusion balloon catheter may expand the indications for PTA in patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease.     

介入治疗肺动脉栓塞疗效探讨

目的：评价介入溶栓球囊扩张术对肺动脉栓塞治疗的效果。方法：8例肺动脉栓塞患者,经股静脉穿刺插管。导管导丝置于肺动脉内进行碎栓,采用尿激酶冲击溶栓、球囊扩张术和24h持续灌注溶栓,同时给予肝素抗凝治疗。结果：完全开通3例,部分开通5例;3例氧分压均达到100％,5例氧分压在93％以上。结论：介入治疗肺动脉栓塞能及时开通肺动脉,恢复肺动脉血供,纠正低氧血症,是治疗肺动脉栓塞一种有效的方法。     

Long-term results of balloon dilation of benign bile duct strictures

Purpose: 
To evaluate the results of percutaneous balloon dilation of benign bile duct strictures in a series of patients with a long follow-up period. Material and Methods: 
56 patients with benign bile duct strictures underwent balloon catheter dilation. These patients had strictures of various origins: postsurgical, postlocal not surgical treatments, associated with gallstones, due to primary sclerosing cholangitis and to Mirizzi's syndrome. In 41 cases the diagnosis was made on the basis of radiological findings and history and in 15 cases on the basis of transluminal biopsy. Results: 
In 87.5% of cases the treatment was immediately successful. There were no early recurrences, but 7 (21%) recurrences were seen over 1 year after treatment; of these, 57% underwent another balloon dilation procedure with a positive long-term outcome. Conclusion: 
The long-term success rate obtained in 72% of this series confirms that percutaneous bile duct dilation is a valid alternative to surgery without being burdened by complications; the procedure is also a valid alternative to the approach using endoscopic stents.     

Dilation of esophageal stenosis by balloon catheter

Treatment of esophageal stenosis by large diameter balloon catheters offers significant advantages over bouginage. Catheter dilating force is confined to the affected segment and can be controlled by the patient's reaction. Perforation is practically excluded by the use of fluoroscopy, contrast media, flexible angiographic guidewires, and better control over the time and forces of dilation. Wider, more lasting dilation can be achieved. Forty-one dilations were done on 21 patients with this new procedure without complications and with improved relapse-free intervals.     

Percutaneous deflation of a gastric balloon: Technical note

Gastric balloons have been used extensively as an adjunct to diet and behavioral modification in the treatment of exogenous obesity. Small bowel obstruction occurred in a 42-year-old female after her balloon migrated through the pyloric channel. The authors describe a simple method for percutaneous deflation which permitted the balloon to pass through the gastrointestinal tract thus relieving the obstruction.     

特殊情况的左房室瓣球囊扩张术疗效分析

目的　分析和总结伴有特殊情况的左房室瓣狭窄球囊扩张术(PBMV)的临床疗效和安全性。方法　收集我院自1986年12月至2 0 0 5年1月施行的2 30 0例风湿性心脏病左房室瓣狭窄(MS)病例,其中有特殊情况者6 2 1例。包括非单纯MS(合并左房室瓣关闭不全或主闭)者32 8例;非单纯的MS伴巨大左房者15例;巨大左房者10 6例;左房血栓者5 2例;巨大左房及左房血栓者4例;PBMV或左房室瓣闭式分离术后者79例;PBMV或左房室瓣闭式分离术后非单纯的MS者34例;妊娠大咯血者2例。采用Inoue球囊技术。结果　手术成功率98.5 % ,失败率0 .2 % ;发生严重并发症8例,并发症为1.3% ,其中急性左心衰2例,低心排1例,脑栓塞2例,心脏压塞3例。因急性左心衰、低心排、心脏压塞、脑栓塞造成的死亡各1例。结论　随着操作技巧的不断完善,许多伴有特殊情况的PBMV可安全、有效的接受手术。但术前一定要全面评价瓣膜、心功能、血栓情况     

应用冠脉技术成功治疗重度肺动脉瓣狭窄一例

我国于20世纪80年代中期开展经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)技术,现已成为治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)的首选方法。但对于重度狭窄瓣口面积极小的婴幼儿,常规的球