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1.
L. M. Salamone T. Whiteside D. Friberg R. S. Epstein L. H. Kuller J. A. Cauley 《Calcified tissue international》1998,63(6):466-470
Cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) can influence both bone resorption
and bone formation. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between cytokine production
by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bone mineral density (BMD); the annual rate of change in BMD was examined.
Subjects participating in a randomized clinical trial entitled the Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project in Allegheny County,
Pennsylvania were used. They included 50 healthy premenopausal women, aged 45–52 years, who had regular menses within the
past 3 months and were not on replacement estrogens. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at the AP lumbar spine
and femoral neck were made at baseline and at the first annual exam using a Hologic QDR 2000 densitometer. Cytokine production
of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by PBMC was measured at the annual exam. The median values for stimulated cytokine production by
PBMC were 3.92 ng/ml, 31.3 ng/ml, and 1.05 ng/ml, for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, respectively. There were modest correlations
between cytokine production and cross-sectional BMD, ranging from r =−0.30 to r =−0.13. Trends of greater spinal bone loss
were observed in women with ``high' (≥75th percentile) cytokine production of stimulated IL-1β and IL-6 (IL-1β: ``high'
=−1.56% ± 0.70 versus ``low' (<75th percentile) =−0.56% ± 0.35, P= 0.21). In contrast, greater annual gains in femoral neck BMD were observed in those with high cytokine production of IL-1β
and IL-6 (IL-1β: high = 3.39% ± 1.16 versus low =−0.85 ± 0.58, P= 0.002). There was no association between stimulated TNF production and annual change in BMD. In this population of healthy
premenopausal women, the relationship between cytokine production by PBMC and the rate of change in BMD was significantly
different for the lumbar spine and femoral neck, possibly reflecting differences in the proportion of trabecular and cortical
bone at these sites.
Received: 5 February 1997 / Accepted: 11 May 1998 相似文献
2.
An Investigation of the Diagnostic Value of Bilateral Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density Measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. W. Petley P. A. Taylor A. J. Murrills E. Dennison G. Pearson C. Cooper 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(8):675-679
This paper describes a study to assess the clinical value of bilateral femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) measurements.
Although a range of factors will determine clinical decisions, the classification of the site with the lowest T-score is likely to have significant bearing on the management of a patient. While it is common practice to measure BMD at
the lumbar spine and a single neck of femur, knowledge of the BMD of the second femur may also be of diagnostic value. Using
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD of the lumbar spine and right and left femoral neck was measured in a group of 2372
white, Caucasian women (mean age ± SD, 56.6 ±13.9 years) routinely referred for bone densitometry. Analysis of the measurements
showed a significant (p= 0.02) but small difference between the mean BMD of the right (0.840 ± 0.152 g/cm2) and left (0.837 ± 0.150 g/cm2) femoral neck. Further investigation of femur scans revealed 79 (3.3%) patients in whom one side was osteoporotic while the
other side and spine were normal or osteopenic using the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria in combination with
manufacturer”s reference data. Patients in whom the femoral neck BMD measurements differed by less than the precision error
of the system were then excluded. This left only 51 (2.2%) patients, that is 29 (1.2%) for right femur and spine scan and
22 (0.9%) for left femur and spine scan, in whom knowledge of both femoral neck BMD measurements could have altered the classification
of the lowest site assessed to osteoporotic. These data suggest that there is only a small benefit from performing bilateral
femoral neck BMD measurements. Since BMD measurements are only one of a range of factors considered as part of a patient”s
management, it is suggested that the extra time, cost and radiation dose associated with measurement of the second femur may
not be justified.
Received: 28 October 1999 / Accepted: 2 February 2000 相似文献
3.
A. S. Turner J. M. Maillet C. Mallinckrodt L. Cordain 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(2):110-113
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the head has received little attention. We used DXA to measure bone mineral density
(BMD) of the entire skull including the mandible (BMDHead) and BMD of the cranial vault (BMDVault) in 91 normal young women. We also measured BMD of the total body (BMDTotal body), proximal femur (``total femur'), and lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4). BMD (g/cm2; mean ± SE) was 1.032 ± 0.011 for L1–L4, 0.995 ± 0.011 for total femur, and 2.283 ± 0.028 for BMDVault (cranial vault) and the mean body weight of all subjects was 59.8 kg. Correlation between BMDVault and BMDHead was 0.991 and this was not different from 1.0 (P= 0.473). The average difference between BMDVault and BMDHead was −0.004 g/cm2 suggesting that these two measurements of bone mass of the skull were similar. To determine the correlation between the different
variables after accounting for external sources of variation, partial correlation derived from multiple regression was determined.
Correlations between BMD at the various locations and with BMDTotal body were moderate to strong. Although small in magnitude, the partial correlations of body weight with BMDTotal body, total femur, and L1–L4 were significantly different from zero (P < 0.02). The results show that BMDVault, total femur, and L1–L4 were of equal value in predicting BMDTotal body and further, BMDVault was not influenced by body weight. Including body weight in multiple regression in addition to total femur or L1–L4 removed
the extraneous variation due to body weight, and predictions of BMDTotal body were as reliable as when BMDVault was based on goodness of fit tests (P= 0.314). The technique used to measure BMD of the cranial vault is a relatively new variation of DXA technology. The precision
was as good as other measurements of bone mass of the entire skull (including the mandible). Because the cranial vault is
less sensitive to mechanical influences, it may be a region where response to therapy could be evaluated. The cranial vault
may be a useful area to study certain heritable diseases that affect the skeleton, skeletal artifact, or evaluation of oral
bone loss.
Received: 22 December 1995 / Accepted: 24 September 1996 相似文献
4.
Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Bone Mineral Density in Young Male Powerlifters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of high-intensity resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and its relationship to strength were investigated.
Lumbar spine (L2-L4), proximal femur, and whole body BMD were measured in 10 male powerlifters and 11 controls using dual-energy
X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There were significant differences in lumbar spine and whole body BMD between powerlifters and
controls, but not in proximal femur BMD. A significant correlation was found between lumbar spine BMD and powerlifting performance.
These results suggest that high-intensity resistance training is effective in increasing the lumbar spine and whole body BMD.
Received: 27 February 1997 / Accepted: 23 March 1998 相似文献
5.
J.-F. Chiu S.-J. Lan C.-Y. Yang P.-W. Wang W.-J. Yao I.-H. Su C.-C. Hsieh 《Calcified tissue international》1997,60(3):245-249
This study examined bone density among postmenopausal Buddhist nuns and female religious followers of Buddhism in southern
Taiwan and related the measurements to subject characteristics including age, body mass, physical activity, nutrient intake,
and vegetarian practice. A total of 258 postmenopausal Taiwanese vegetarian women participated in the study. Lumbar spine
and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-photon absorptimetry. BMD measurements were analyzed
first as quantitative outcomes in multiple regression analyses and next as indicators of osteopenia status in logistic regression
analyses. Among the independent variables examined, age inversely and body mass index positively correlated with both the
spine and femoral neck BMD measurements. They were also significant predictors of the osteopenia status. Energy intake from
protein was a significant correlate of lumbar spine BMD only. Other nutrients, including calcium and energy intake from nonprotein
sources, did not correlate significantly with the two bone density parameters. Long-term practitioners of vegan vegetarian
were found to be at a higher risk of exceeding lumbar spine fracture threshold (adjusted odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence
interval = 1.03–5.96) and of being classified as having osteopenia of the femoral neck (3.94, 1.21–12.82). Identification
of effective nutrition supplements may be necessary to improve BMD levels and to reduce the risk of osteoporosis among long-term
female vegetarians.
Received: 10 May 1996 / Accepted: 9 August 1996 相似文献
6.
Body Size Accounts for Most Differences in Bone Density Between Asian and Caucasian Women 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
P. D. Ross Y.-F. He A. J. Yates C. Coupland P. Ravn M. McClung D. Thompson R. D. Wasnich for the EPIC Study Group 《Calcified tissue international》1996,59(5):339-343
We compared bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body (and subregions: arm, leg, and pelvis), hip, spine, lateral spine,
wrist, and forearm among Caucasian and Asian women at four geographic centers (Honolulu, HI; Nottingham, UK; Portland, OR;
Copenhagen, Denmark). Data were derived from the baseline examination of 1367 Caucasian and 162 Asian women enrolled in the
1609-subject Early Postmenopausal Interventional Cohort (EPIC) study. After adjusting for age, study site, years postmenopause,
and years of estrogen use, BMD was approximately 4–6% lower (P < 0.05) among Asian women at most skeletal sites, but there was no significant difference for wrist or forearm BMD. Adding
height, lean body mass, fat mass, and/or quadriceps muscle strength to the regression models reduced the racial differences
at most skeletal sites; after these additional adjustments, Asian women had significantly lower BMD only for the lateral spine
(−4.4%; P < 0.005), arm (−2.20%; P < 0.05) and leg (−1.65%; P < 0.05), whereas the wrist was significantly greater (4.64%; P < 0.005) for Asian women. Further research is needed to determine why racial differences in BMD persist at certain skeletal
sites, but not others, after adjusting for body size.
Received: 22 January 1996 / Accepted: 3 May 1996 相似文献
7.
A Comparison Study of the Reference Curves of Bone Mineral Density at Different Skeletal Sites in Native Chinese,Japanese, and American Caucasian Women 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
To understand the differences among reference curves for bone mineral density (BMD) for Chinese, Japanese, and American Caucasian women, we measured the BMD at the anteroposterior (AP) lumbar spine (L1–L4), lateral lumbar spine (L2–L4), hip (including the femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, Wards triangle, and total hip), and ultradistal forearm by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a total of 2728 healthy Chinese women, aged 5–96 years. Documented BMD data for Japanese women and device manufacturers BMD new reference databases (including the NHANES III dataset) for American Caucasian women were also used in this study. The cubic regression model was found to fit best in analyzing the age-associated variations of BMD at various sites in Chinese women, i.e., the equations had the largest coefficient of determination (R
2). At the AP/Lat spine, trochanter, intertrochanter, and Wards triangle, BMD reference curves for Chinese women were lower than those for Japanese or Caucasian women, while at the femoral neck, total hip, and ultradistal forearm, the reference curves for Chinese women were higher than those for Japanese women, with overlaps and crossing of the curves for some age spans in comparing the Chinese and Caucasian women. There were significant differences in the peak BMD (PBMD) at various sites among the Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian women (P = 0.000). The PBMDs for Chinese women at the lumbar spine and various sites of the hip were 5.7% ± 2.1% (mean ± SD, range, 2.7–7.9%) lower than those for Japanese women and 5.1% ± 2.7% (range, 0.5–7.2%) lower than those for Caucasian women; however, the PBMDs for Chinese women were 26.2% higher than those for Japanese women and 10% higher than those for Caucasian women at the ultradistal forearm. After the PBMD, average T-scores of Chinese women for losses at the AP lumbar spine with increasing age were nearly identical to those for Japanese women, but both were greater than those for Caucasian women. The average T-scores for BMD loss at various sites in Chinese women were higher than those for both Japanese and Caucasian women except at the femoral neck, where the T-scores of Chinese women were exceeded by those of both Japanese and Caucasian women. Estimated from the T-score curve of BMD loss, the age of osteoporosis occurrence at the femoral neck in Chinese women was about 10 years later than that in Japanese or Caucasian women; at the AP spine, Chinese women were similar to Japanese women; at the other sites, the age for occurrence of osteoporosis in Chinese women was about 5–15 years earlier than that in either Japanese or Caucasian women. There are differences in prevalence or odds ratio (OR) of osteoporosis at the same skeletal region for Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian women aged 50 years or at different skeletal regions in women of the same race. The prevalences of osteoporosis at various regions of the hip in Chinese women are 10.1–19.8% and ORs are 22.0–32.3, of which prevalence at the femoral neck is the lowest (10.1%); the prevalences of osteoporosis in Japanese women are 11.6–16.8% and ORs are 21.1–26.3, of which prevalence at the femoral neck is the lowest (11.6%); and the prevalences of osteoporosis in Caucasian women are 13.0–20.0% and ORs are 19.4–48.9, of which prevalence at the femoral neck is the highest (20%). In conclusion, racial differences in BMD reference curves, prevalences, and risks of osteoporosis at various skeletal sites exist among native Chinese, Japanese, and American Caucasian women. 相似文献
8.
Calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) of 738 Japanese women (605 healthy and 133 with osteoporosis) was measured using single
X-ray absorptiometry (SXA). A reference range of calcaneus BMD values for healthy Japanese women was established and the usefulness
of this method for screening and diagnosis of osteoporosis was evaluated. There was no significant age change of calcaneus
BMD prior to menopause, though values decreased significantly thereafter. BMD loss ratio was 1.7%/year in the 10 years after
menopause.
The reference range of calcaneus BMD was 410 ± 43 mg/cm2, calculated from the mean BMD value of subjects whose ages ranged from 25 to 50 years old. The fracture threshold for the
spine was established as 294 mg/cm2, which corresponded to −2.67 SD from the average BMD of the young healthy women, and the odds ratio for spine fracture in
the subjects with BMD lower than this threshold was 3.52 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.34–9.26]. The spine fracture group
showed statistically lower calcaneus BMD than the nonfracture group when subjects with adjusted age and body size were analyzed.
There were no significant differences in the ROC analysis for spine fracture between calcaneus BMD and spine BMD. Therefore,
calcaneus BMD is not readily affected by degenerative change or soft tissue, and the annual decrement rate (1.7%/year) can
be detected easily and with low precision error (0.8%). These indices may prove useful for the screening and diagnosis of
osteoporosis.
Received: 16 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 January 1999 相似文献
9.
A. Ohmura K. Kushida K. Yamazaki S. Okamoto H. Katsuno T. Inoue 《Calcified tissue international》1997,61(2):117-122
Total body bone mineral content (BMCTB in g) and density (BMDTB in g/cm2) and body composition were measured in 1006 healthy Japanese women aged 20–79 years using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Peak
BMDTB was 1.11 ± 0.05 g/cm2 in women 20–49 years, and mean BMDTB was 1.019 g/cm2 in the 6th decade, 0.956 g/cm2 in the 7th decade, and 0.900 g/cm2 in the 8th decade. BMDTB declined by 0.007 g/cm2/year in women after age 50. This age-related decline in BMD showed a similar pattern to that seen for the lumbar spine and
femoral neck, but the actual rate of loss was lower for BMDTB than for these other measurement sites. There was no significant difference between a eumenorrheic premenopausal group and
a group with irregular menses. BMCTB and BMDTB were associated with body build, lean tissue mass, and fat mass (r = 0.29 ∼ 0.65 and 0.26 ∼ 0.41, respectively). Bone mass
and density decreased significantly in older women of all body builds. Premenopausal Japanese women had a 5% lower BMDTB than U.S. and European whites, but the difference was several times greater in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women.
Received: 1 June 1995 / Accepted: 3 March 1997 相似文献
10.
Osteoporosis After Gastrectomy: Bone Mineral Density of Lumbar Spine Assessed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Adachi Y Shiota E Matsumata T Iso Y Yoh R Kitano S 《Calcified tissue international》2000,66(2):119-122
Although osteoporosis is a common clinical disorder associated with gastric surgery, long-term effects of gastrectomy on
bone metabolism are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence and risk factors of osteoporosis
after gastrectomy using univariate and multivariate analyses of quantitative measurements. The study included 59 patients
who had undergone gastrectomy more than 5 years before. There were 38 men and 21 women, aged 37–81 years, mean 64 years. Bone
mineral density (BMD) of L2–L4 spine was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Absolute value of BMD (g/cm2) and age- and sex-matched BMD (%) were given. The mean BMD was 0.766 g/cm2, and the incidence of osteoporosis (BMD less than 0.70 g/cm2) was 37%: 18% in men and 71% in women. The mean age- and sex-matched BMD was 85.9%: 87.5% in men and 83.1% in women. Univariate
and multivariate analyses revealed that BMD was significantly associated with the age and sex of patients, but was not influenced
by the type of gastrectomy (partial versus total) and years after operation (<20 versus 20<). Our study clarified the fact
that postgastrectomy osteoporosis was frequent in the aged or female patients. BMD should be evaluated after gastrectomy,
especially in the aged and in women.
Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 13 August 1999 相似文献
11.
Geographic Differences in Bone Mineral Density of Mexican Women 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
M. Delezé F. Cons-Molina A. R. Villa J. Morales-Torres J. G. Gonzalez-Gonzalez J. J. Calva A. Murillo A. Briceño J. Orozco G. Morales-Franco H. Peña-Rios G. Guerrero-Yeo E. Aguirre J. Elizondo 《Osteoporosis international》2000,11(7):562-569
The aim of this study was to generate standard curves for normal spinal and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in Mexican
women using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to analyze geographic differences and to compare these with “Hispanic”
reference data to determine its applicability. This was a cross-sectional study of 4460 urban, clinically normal, Mexican
women, aged 20–90 years, from 10 different cities in Mexico (5 in the north, 4 in the center and 1 in the southeast) with
densitometry centers. Women with suspected medical conditions or who had used drugs affecting bone metabolism, were excluded.
Lumbar spine BMD was significantly higher (1.089 ± 0.18 g/cm2) in women from the northern part of Mexico, with intermediate values in the center (1.065 ± 0.17 g/cm2) and lower values (1.013 ± 0.19 g/cm2) in the southeast (p<0.0001). Similarly, femoral neck BMD was significantly higher in women from the north (0.895 ± 0.14 g/cm2), intermediate in the center (0.864 ± 0.14 g/cm2) and lower (0.844 ± 0.14 g/cm2) in the southeast part of Mexico (p<0.0001). Northern Mexican women tend to be taller and heavier than women from the center and, even more, than those from
the southeast of Mexico (p<0.0001). However, these differences in BMD remained significant after adjustment for weight (p<0.0001). A significant loss (p<0.0001) in BMD was observed from 40 to 69 years of age at the lumbar spine and up to the eighth decade at the femoral neck.
Higher and lower lumbar spine values, as compared with the “Hispanic” population, were observed in Mexican mestizo women from
the northern and southeastern regions, respectively. In conclusion, there are geographic differences in weight and height
of Mexican women, and in BMD despite adjustment for weight.
Received: 1 September 1999 / Accepted: 20 October 1999 相似文献
12.
E. Molyvda-Athanasopoulou A. Sioundas N. Karatzas M. Aggellaki K. Pazaitou I. Vainas 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(6):481-484
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) of 50 patients aged 9–28 years, with thalassemia
major and to assess the alterations of bone density in a 4-year follow-up study. They were measured with a DPX densitometer
at the lumbar spine and femur area and divided into three groups: preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. All patients received
calcium and vitamin D supplements, and 8 of the 50 received hormone replacement therapy (HRT). All patients had a significantly
lower BMD compared with healthy subjects. Mean values of lumbar BMD of the three groups were 1.3, 2, and 3 standard deviations
(SDs) lower than those of healthy subjects of the same age. All adolescent patients with normal gonadal function and those
who received HRT showed an increase in BMD during the period of the study. Adult patients also showed an increase in bone
density as long as the treatment lasted. However, adolescent and adult patients who had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but
could not get therapy showed a decrease in bone density. BMD of patients with thalassemia major shows a good index of bone
status which should be evaluated, especially for the determination and follow-up of therapy.
Received: 31 March 1997 / Accepted: 1 November 1998 相似文献
13.
Bone Mineral Density in Athletes During and After Career: A Comparison Between Loaded and Unloaded Skeletal Regions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the upper part of the skull, the femoral neck, and the total body by dual energy
X-ray absorptiometry in 56 male and 33 female active athletes, 18–40 years of age, together with 64 male ex-weight lifters,
35–79 years of age. The active athletes were compared with 41 male and 54 female controls, the ex-weight lifters with 133
male controls. The purpose of the study was to see if BMD in the upper part of the skull, a region virtually unaffected by
physical load, is different in athletes and controls. The male athletes had a 3% higher BMD for the total body and 12% for
the hip, whereas the BMD for the upper part of the skull was 10% lower than controls. Corresponding BMD values for the female
athletes were 4% higher for total body and 10% for the femoral neck, and the upper part of the skull was 7% lower than in
controls. After 65 years of age there was no difference in BMD comparing ex-weightlifters and controls. Using a constructed
ratio BMD total body to BMD upper part of the skull, the ex-weight lifters had 10% higher values also after age 65. It appears
that bone mass is higher in weight-loaded areas and lower in an unloaded region, such as the upper part of the skull, in exercising
athletes. After cessation of the active career, the bone mass approaches that of the controls and after 65 years of age, no
difference was found comparing ex-weight lifters and controls. Due to the apparent bone mass shift from unloaded skeletal
regions to loaded skeletal regions that seems to take place in active athletes, the constructed ratio, BMD total body to BMD
upper part of the skull, seems to discriminate the influence on the skeleton in a more sensitive way than measuring the BMD
in defined skeletal regions on their own. By using this constructed ratio, the influence on bone mass of physical exercise
early in life is also detectable at older ages.
Received: 6 June 1995 / Accepted: 1 April 1996 相似文献
14.
Bone Mineral Density, Body Mass Index, and Hip Axis Length in Postmenopausal Cretan Women with Cervical and Trochanteric Fractures 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Dretakis EK Papakitsou E Kontakis GM Dretakis K Psarakis S Steriopoulos KA 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(3):257-258
We assessed the bone mineral density (BMD), the body mass index (BMI), and the hip axis length (HAL) in 78 postmenopausal
women with 38 cervical and 40 trochanteric hip fractures. The results were compared with those of age-matched, control postmenopausal
women. No statistically significant difference was found in the values of BMD, BMI, and HAL between the groups of patients
with cervical and those with trochanteric fractures, but lower BMD and BMI were found in fracture patients compared with the
corresponding values of the control subjects. Contrary to the existing data, HAL was found to be shorter in the fracture patients
compared with the controls. Thus, the type of hip fracture was found to be independent of the value of BMD, BMI, and the length
of the patient's hip axis. The fact that a shorter hip axis was found in the group of fracture patients compared with that
found in the control subjects raises questions about the significance of this parameter as an independent risk factor for
hip fracture.
Received: 9 February 1998 / Accepted: 24 June 1998 相似文献
15.
N. Yoshimura T. Hashimoto K. Sakata S. Morioka T. Kasamatsu C. Cooper 《Calcified tissue international》1999,65(3):198-202
The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone loss. The survey was
carried out in Taiji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. From a list of inhabitants aged 40–79 years, 400 participants (50 men and
50 women in each of four age groups) were selected randomly. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured, and blood and urine
samples of all participants were examined to obtain values for eight biochemical markers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone
Gla protein (BGP), type I procollagen (carboxyterminal peptide of type I procollagen; PICP), cross-linked carboxyterminal
telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP), and urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), pyridinoline (Pyr), and
deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr). Each marker was evaluated as a predictor of the rate of bone change in lumbar spine and femoral
neck BMD over a 3-year period. The value of Pyr was significantly related to the change of lumbar spine BMD in men (P= 0.009), and that of BGP was found to be significant in women (P= 0.045). By contrast, none of the bone markers significantly correlated with bone loss at the femoral neck. The coefficient
of determination at the lumbar spine was 5% and 7% at the femoral neck only. We conclude that biochemical markers of bone
turnover cannot predict bone loss rates in middle-aged or elderly Japanese men and women over a 3-year period with sufficient
accuracy for use in clinical decision making.
Received: 26 January 1998 / Accepted: 9 July 1998 相似文献
16.
Y. Taguchi I. Gorai M. G. Zhang O. Chaki M. Nakayama H. Minaguchi 《Calcified tissue international》1998,62(5):395-399
The objective of this study was to examine the value of NTx, a urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen, as
a marker of bone resorption. We assessed changes in pre- and postmenopausal bone resorption by evaluating the correlation
of NTx with L2–4 bone mineral density (BMD) in a total of 1100 Japanese women, aged 19–80 years [272 premenopausal (45.2 ±
6.2 years) and 828 postmenopausal (59.5 ± 6.2 years)]. Postmenopausal women were divided into three groups based on the range
of BMD (normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic). Within each group, subjects were further segregated according to years since
menopause (YSM). NTx values were then evaluated for each group. Our results showed that BMD was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and NTx was significantly increased (P < 0.01) after menopause in age-matched analysis. Consistent with a previous report, NTx was inversely correlated with BMD
for the entire cohort of study subjects (r =−0.299), although NTx correlated better with premenopausal than postmenopausal
BMD (r =−0.240 versus r =−0.086). This may have been due to the fact that elevated values of NTx were exhibited over the entire
range of BMD present in the postmenopausal women, suggesting that NTx might respond faster to the estrogen withdrawal than
BMD. In all postmenopausal women, regardless of the range of BMD, the increase in NTx reached a peak within 5 YSM. After 11
YSM, however, NTx remained elevated in the osteoporotic group but it decreased in the osteopenic group, and showed no significant
change in the group of postmenopausal women with normal BMD. These findings suggest that bone resorption is dramatically increased
within 5 years after menopause but remains increased only in osteoporotic women.
Received: 29 April 1997 / Accepted: 12 August 1997 相似文献
17.
In 1989, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Lin-Kou Township, Taiwan, to determine the distribution of bone mineral
density (BMD) in the lumbar spine of Chinese people. Lumbar spine BMD was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry in 404
healthy volunteers (266 women and 138 men, aged 15 to 83 years). In 1994–1995, 318 of the same volunteers were reexamined
for the present study. Except for there being fewer males and smokers present, there were no significant differences between
the second survey respondents and nonrespondents. Spine BMD decreased at over 1% per year in Chinese women over age 50, which
was somewhat higher than reported for caucasian women. Since there was a loss of BMD in Chinese women after their 20s, a case
can be made for starting preventive activities for female adolescents. There were no differences in the mean BMD change rates
among the different age groups of Chinese men. Baseline BMD, menopause, and weight change were associated with the lumbar
spine BMD change rates in Chinese women. Body mass index was the only variable significantly associated with BMD change in
Chinese men. The rate of BMD change was not associated with diet.
Received: 18 February 1997 / Accepted: 5 June 1997 相似文献
18.
J. F. Aloia A. Vaswani C. Delerme-Pagan E. Flaster 《Calcified tissue international》1998,62(6):481-485
Black women have 40% of the incidence rate for hip fracture and have a higher bone mineral density (BMD) than white women.
The possibility was raised that bone quality may be disproportionately greater than the advantage in bone density in protection
against osteoporotic fractures in black versus white women. Ultrasound (US) of the calcaneus is believed to measure properties
of bone in addition to its density. We performed bone density measurements and US of the calcaneus in 108 black and 177 healthy
white women, aged 20–70 years. The highest correlation was seen between total body bone density and speed of sound (r = 0.75).
The interracial differences in BMD were all statistically significant and varied from 3.4 to 7.6%. The US measurements had
lesser interracial differences than the bone density measurements, with velocity barely different between races. These findings
suggest that US of the calcaneus measures properties of bone different from density. Fracture prediction data using US from
prospective data in white women should not be extrapolated to black women because of the discordance between bone density
and US measurements. Prospective studies are needed comparing US measurements in black women to the occurrence of osteoporotic
fractures.
Received: 30 May 1997 / Accepted: 8 January 1998 相似文献
19.
Anomalies in the Measurement of Changes in Bone Mineral Density of the Spine by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is frequently used for longitudinal studies of bone mineral status because of the
high precision obtained, but evidence is emerging that the accuracy of measurements of changes may be a limitation because
of artefacts of the analysis procedure, in particular, a dependence of the measured bone area (BA) on the bone mineral content
(BMC). Results of spine bone mineral measurements taken at intervals with two DXA scanners, a Hologic QDR 1000W, and a Norland
XR 26 HS, were examined. There was a consistent correlation between changes in BA and in BMC, with a slope of approximately
0.25 when expressed as percentages. A real change of BA of the magnitude observed is not feasible. There were no differences
among the correlations for different instruments, genders, ages, or weight changes. There would appear to be an underestimation
of changes in bone mineral density (BMD), but there is a possibility that some of the anomaly is manifested as an overestimation
of a change in BMC. Phantom measurements were undertaken with the DXA scanners mentioned above and with a Lunar DPX. The phantoms
consisted of simulations of the spine cut from aluminium sheet, so that the effective BMD could be varied. The dependence
of the measured BA on BMC varied with the phantom outline, particularly the thickness of the transverse processes. Evidence
was obtained of both an underestimate of BMD changes and an overestimate of BMC changes. There are errors in measuring spine
changes, but these do not seem to be as serious as a previous report suggests for the Hologic scanner and are not likely to
lead to misinterpretation of results.
Received: 17 June 1997 / Accepted: 23 January 1998 相似文献
20.
The feasibility of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using the Norland XR-26 Mark II bone densitometer for measurements
of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in small rats was evaluated. Thirty-two young, isogenic, Lewis
rats (weights from 119 g to 227 g) were used; normal rats (n = 7) and rats with low BMD obtained from three different vitamin
D-depleted models (n = 25). DXA measurements were performed using the special software for small animals. Duplicate scans
of excised femurs performed at 2 mm/second (pixel size of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) were very precise measurements with a coefficient
of variation (CV) below 1.6% in animals with normal BMD; in rats with low BMD, the CV was significantly higher (P= 0.02–0.04), 7.8% and 4.4% for BMC and BMD, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that these measurements were related
to the ash weight (R2 > 98.6%). The CV for measurements of the lumbar spine at 10 mm/second (pixel size 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) was 2.6% and 2.2% for
BMC and BMD, respectively in rats with normal BMD, and again higher (P= 0.03–0.14) in rats with low BMD, 7.3% and 4.7%, respectively, for BMC and BMD. Even though low CVs were obtained for total
body duplicate scans (scan speed of 20 mm/second and a pixel size of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm), the measurements were problematic for
accuracy because of an overestimation of both BMC and the area of bone. Using these scan parameters the measurements of total
body bone mineral could not be recommended in small rats with low BMD.
Received: 21 May 1999 / Accepted: 3 August 2000 / Online publication: 22 December 2000 相似文献