彩色多普勒超声对单脐动脉胎儿合并畸形的诊断价值

目的 :探讨彩色多普勒超声对单脐动脉(singleumbilicalartery,SUA)胎儿合并畸形及两者相关性诊断价值。方法:分析246例产前超声诊断为SUA胎儿的畸形发生率、畸形类型和染色体检查结果 ,并随访妊娠结局。结果 :246例中156例组织结构未见异常,90例合并畸形,发生率为36.6%。132例行染色体检测,其中3例染色体报告异常,2例染色体结果为多态性(46,X,Yqh+)。43例早产,8例为低体质量儿。结论:SUA胎儿多合并组织结构畸形,胎儿早产及宫内生长受限发生率较高。     

胎儿单脐动脉的产前超声检测及临床意义

正常胎儿脐带内应含有两条脐动脉,如果仅有一条脐动脉即称为单脐动脉（single umbilical artery,简称SUA）属于脐带发育和结构异常。由于单脐动脉可能构成胎儿循环的严重障碍,使胎儿继发缺氧而发育不良,甚至发生胎儿畸形。因此,孕期及早发现胎儿单脐动脉畸形极为重要。本文回顾分析了91例产前超声检查中发现的单脐动脉病例,并对合并胎儿畸形的种类进行了分析总结。     

彩色多普勒超声产前诊断胎儿永久性右位脐静脉和单脐动脉对比研究

随着彩色多普勒超声的广泛应用以及产前诊断技术的不断发展,胎儿永久性右位脐静脉(persistent right umbilical vein,PRUV)及单脐动脉(single umbilical artery,SUA)的产前明确诊断成为可能.在孕中期的产前系统筛查中,PRUV和SUA均为较常见的血管发育异常,本文旨在比较两种异常的发病率及合并其他畸形情况.     

多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉血流 S／D、 RI值对于评价宫内窘迫的临床意义

目的：通过多普勒超声检测晚期妊娠胎儿脐动脉血流S／D、RI值,探讨其对于评价宫内窘迫的临床价值,对于预测围生儿预后的意义。方法对180例孕32～41周单胎孕妇采用彩色多普勒超声进行产前检查,观察胎儿有无脐带绕颈、羊水透声、测定脐动脉S／D、RI值,根据检查结果分为脐带绕颈组和无脐带绕颈组,观察两组胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率;发生胎儿宫内窘迫与无宫内窘迫脐动脉血流S／D、 RI值的差别;以及胎儿脐动脉血流与妊娠预后的关系。结果与无脐带绕颈组相比,脐带绕颈组胎儿宫内窘迫发生率高（ P＜0．05）;发生胎儿宫内窘迫脐动脉血流S／D、RI值明显高于无胎儿宫内窘迫者（ P＜0．05）。脐动脉血流正常者剖宫产率、羊水污染及Apgar 评分＜7明显高于异常者（ P＜0．05）。结论多普勒超声检测胎儿脐动脉血流对评价胎儿宫内窘迫、预测围生儿预后有重要的临床应用价值。     

颈项透明层及单脐动脉在产前诊断胎儿发育异常中的研究进展

进行颈项透明层的测量、单脐动脉及其他超声标志物的探查已成为胎儿染色体异常及结构畸形筛查重要的方法之一。胎儿NT增厚和单脐动脉与胎儿染色体异常、先天性心脏病、自然流产等不良临床结局密切相关。作者就颈项透明层及单脐动脉在产前诊断胎儿发育异常中的研究进展作一综述。     

胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形的产前超声诊断及其预后分析

目的探讨胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形(CCAM)的超声诊断价值及预后分析。方法 10例胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形是从2007年至2011年经彩色多普勒超声检查的孕龄为15～32周的孕妇中检出的。常规二维超声扫查胎儿双侧肺,发现异常声像时,再用彩色多普勒显示病灶血供情况并注意观察有无胎儿水肿和其他结构异常。结果在检出的10例胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形中,Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型3例,4例追踪复查显示病灶缩小或消失,新生儿结局良好,6例终止妊娠后均经引产后病理证实。结论产前彩色多普勒超声对发现胎儿先天性肺囊腺瘤样畸形和评估预后有重要价值。     

胎儿复杂先天性心脏病超声分段诊断价值

目的：探讨胎儿复杂先天性心脏病（先心病）超声分段诊断价值。方法：2003年3月-2008年10月22160例接受胎儿心脏超声筛查的孕妇,取胎儿心脏超声筛查的5个标准切面,发现异常时根据心脏节段进行扫查,并叠加彩色多酱勒血流显像,观察各房室及大动脉血流分布和血流方向,综合分析先心病类型。结果：22160例胎儿中检出复杂先天性心脏病62例,其中21例合并心外畸形。43例在本院引产,23例尸检,其中22例尸检与产前超声诊断相符,1例右室双出口误诊为法洛四联症。结论：复合性先心病的畸形复杂,变化较多,以超声分段诊断方法结合彩色多普勒超声可提高复杂先心病的检出率及诊断准确性。     

超声五平面法筛查胎儿心脏畸形的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声五平面法筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形的可行性及诊断价值。方法:对3340例产前超声检查者常规观察胎儿心脏五个平面,即胃泡、四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道、三血管-气管平面,发现异常者做超声心动图检查。将我院超声检查结果与分娩后尸检和新生儿心脏彩色多普勒检查结果进行对照分析,旨在探讨超声五平面法筛查胎儿心脏畸形的临床价值。结果:超声诊断心脏畸形12例,其中7例查胎儿心动图并引产尸检证实,另5例出生后超声心动图复查证实。误诊1例,将法洛四联症误诊为单心室合并永存动脉干畸形。漏诊室间隔缺损3例,房间隔缺损2例,动脉导管未闭1例。结论:超声五平面法可以筛查绝大部分的胎儿先天性心脏畸形,包括大血管畸形,但对于室间隔或房间隔上小的缺损容易漏诊。     

彩色多普勒超声对胎儿心脏畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断胎儿心脏畸形的临床价值。方法采用彩色多普勒超声对148例孕龄20周。41周的胎儿心脏行超声检查，研究正常胎儿心脏各切面的扫查方法、胎儿心脏各腔室测值与孕龄的关系，观察有无先天性畸形，并作跟踪随访。结果胎儿心脏各腔室大小与孕龄成正相关关系，正常胎儿心胸比例1：3左右，为右心优势。148例中检出三尖瓣下移畸形1例，完全性心内膜垫缺损1例，法乐氏四联症1例，大血管转位1例，室间隔缺损4例，其中1例合并胎儿淋巴管瘤畸形，卵圆孔直径增大(大于6mm)4例，心肌肥厚1例，心律失常17例。结论彩色多普勒超声是诊断胎儿先天性心脏畸形的首选方法，具有无创、安全、准确的优点。     

高危人群胎儿先天性心脏畸形的彩色多普勒超声筛查

目的研究彩色多普勒超声诊断高危人群胎儿先天性心脏畸形的临床应用价值。资料与方法对4950例孕妇进行产前胎儿超声心动图检查,具有高危因素的孕妇和胎儿是临床研究的主要对象。结果本组胎儿心脏畸形共55例,其中高危人群发生率为3.53%(19/539),正常人群发生率为0.82%(36/4411),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.33,P<0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图检查对诊断绝大部分严重胎儿先天性心脏畸形意义重大,具有无创、安全、准确的优点,是对高危人群产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏畸形的首选方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.