荔枝核提取物对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠肝功能的保护作用

目的观察荔枝核提取物对实验性非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）大鼠肝功能的保护作用。方法 35只Wistar大鼠被随机分为对照组（5只）、模型组（10只）、小剂量（10只）和大剂量荔枝核提取物干预组（10只）。分别以250mg.kg-1和500mg.kg-1荔枝核提取物干预NASH大鼠6周。结果与对照组比,模型组大鼠血清GLU、ALT、AST、TG、TC和LDL水平均显著升高（P〈0.05）;与模型组比,小剂量荔枝核提取物干预组大鼠血清GLU、ALT、TG和LDL显著降低（P〈0.05）,而大剂量干预组动物效果更为明显。结论荔枝核提取物能改善NASH大鼠葡萄糖、脂质代谢和肝功能,具有较好的疗效。     

白芍总苷对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝的保护作用及其机制

目的探讨白芍总苷（TGP）对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝的保护作用及机制。方法 60只大鼠随机分为正常对照组（15只）、模型组（15只）、TGP低剂量组（15只）和高剂量组（15只）。采用高脂饮食联合乙醇灌胃6周建立大鼠酒精性脂肪肝模型。TGP低、高剂量组分别于每天早晨灌胃后2 h左右给予TGP 20、60 mg/kg灌胃6周。采用生化法检测血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TB）水平和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性,丙二醛（MDA）含量;HE染色观察肝脏病理形态学变化;免疫组化法检测肝脏NF-κB和TNF-α的表达。结果 TGP高剂量组血清ALT、AST及TB明显低于模型组（P〈0.05或〈0.01）;TGP高、低剂量组肝匀浆MDA水平较模型组明显下降（P均〈0.01）,SOD及GPx活性较模型组明显升高（P〈0.05或〈0.01）;光镜下显示TGP高、低剂量组肝脏脂肪变性明显减轻（P均〈0.01）;免疫组化显示,TGP高、低剂量组肝组织NF-κB和TNF-α表达较模型组明显降低（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论 TGP对大鼠酒精性脂肪肝具有一定的保护作用,其作用可能与抑制NF-κB的表达、抑制氧化应激、减少炎症因子的释放有关。     

异甘草酸镁治疗大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎及其作用机制

目的探讨异甘草酸镁对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）的治疗作用及其作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠50只随机分为5组：正常组（N组）普通饲料喂养;模型Ⅰ组（M1组）和模型Ⅱ组（M2组）高脂饲料喂养;异甘草酸镁治疗组（T1组）和饮食治疗组（T2组）在喂饲高脂饲料12周后改为普通饲料喂养,其中T2组同时给予异甘草酸镁120 mg.kg-1.d-1尾静脉注射。12周末处死N和M1组大鼠;16周末处死M2、T1和T2组大鼠。观察各组大鼠肝脏组织病理学改变,并测定各组大鼠肝功能（血清AST、ALT）、脂代谢（血清TC、TG、HDL、LDL-C）及脂质过氧化（肝匀浆MDA、SOD、GSH）指标。结果 12周末M1组大鼠出现NASH,肝脏的脂肪变性程度和炎症活动度均显著增高,TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA明显升高,HDL、SOD和GSH明显降低（P〈0.05）;16周末,M2组大鼠NASH程度进一步加重,并出现AST和ALT的明显升高（P〈0.05）。和M1、M2组相比,T1组脂肪变性和炎症活动程度明显减轻,肝功能、脂代谢和脂质过氧化各项指标均改善（P〈0.05）;而T2组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论异甘草酸镁可能通过抗脂质过氧化、调节血脂代谢、抑制炎症反应等作用减轻NASH大鼠肝脂肪变性和炎症,对NASH有治疗作用。     

脂肪肝

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎模型的建立——王建青等（安徽合肥安徽医科大学药学院230032）：《安徽医科大学学报》，2006，41（1）：61搦旧的：建立大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）模型。方法：将6SD大鼠，随机分为正常组（n=15）和模型组（n--15）。两组动物均给以普通饲料，模型组每天ig高脂、高糖、高蛋白乳剂，剂量递增。实验持续6周后，检测血清ALT、AST、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C及用：脏TC、TG并行病理组织学检查。结果：模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、T℃、HDL．C、LDL-C及肝脏TC、TG均显增高；病理组织学检查提示模型组大鼠肝细胞呈现弥漫性脂肪变性伴肝小叶炎症坏死。结论：利用改良乳剂灌胃的方法，成功复制出大鼠NASH模型。】     

甲氰咪呱不同作用方式对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠作用的对比研究

目的探讨不同作用方式的甲氰咪呱对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）大鼠的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,即：对照组、模型组、甲氰咪呱治疗组、甲氰咪呱预防组。对照组普通饲料喂养,模型组喂高脂饮食,甲氰咪呱治疗组在高脂饮食12周后给予甲氰咪呱200 mg.kg-1.d-1）灌胃治疗,甲氰咪呱预防组给予高脂饮食同时进行甲氰咪呱200 mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃。16周末处死各组大鼠,测定血清转氨酶（ALT、AST）及血脂（TG、TC）、血清TNF-α;光镜下观察肝脏组织病理形态学改变,测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果与对照组比较,模型组ALT、AST、TG、TC显著增高（P〈0.05）,甲氰咪呱治疗组及预防组较模型组降低（P〈0.05）,且预防组AST与治疗组比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）;与对照组比较,模型组MDA及血清TNF-α显著增高,SOD活性下降（P〈0.05）;甲氰咪呱治疗组及预防组与模型组比较,MDA显著降低,SOD活性升高,均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;与对照组比较,模型组肝脏脂肪变性程度和炎症活动度均显著增高（P〈0.05）;与模型组比较,甲氰咪呱治疗或预防给药均可促进上述指标恢复（P〈0.05）。结论甲氰咪呱对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠NASH有一定治疗效果,其有效阻遏了自由基引发的氧化应激,保持了氧化/抗氧化平衡,改善NASH大鼠脂肪变性,减轻炎症反应,且甲氰咪呱预防组的效果优于治疗组,说明对NASH的早期治疗更有益于NASH的转归。     

甜菜碱对实验性非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠的保护作用

目的 观察甜菜碱对实验性非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠的保护作用,并探讨其可能机制.方法 32只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、低剂量甜菜碱干预组和高剂量甜菜碱干预组.以高脂肪饲料加入诱导脂肪肝药物丙基硫氧嘧啶饲养大鼠构建NASH模型,并对低(200 mg/kg)、高(400 mg/kg[1])剂量干预组大鼠以甜菜碱溶液灌胃.第12周末处死全部大鼠.应用免疫组织化学技术检测炎症因子γ-IFN和凋亡相关因子NF-κB在肝组织内的表达,用ELISA技术检测血清胰岛素和炎症因子TNF-α、γ-IFN、IL-10、IL-18,测定Glu、ALT、AST、TG和T-CHO水平,并进行肝脏病理组织学检查.结果 甜菜碱显著降低血清Glu、ALT、TG、T-CHO、胰岛素抵抗(IR)指数、肝脏内γ-IFN和NF-κB表达(P＜0.05)、γ-IFN、胰岛素、TNF-α、IL-18(P＜0.01),显著升高IL-10(P＜0.01),显著改善脂肪变性和炎症,且低、高剂量干预组间均有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论 甜菜碱可防治大鼠NASH,机制可能为改善脂质代谢和胰岛素抵抗、抑制炎症因子和肝细胞凋亡等.     

甜菜碱对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察甜菜碱对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响,探讨其可能的机制。方法:32只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、甜菜碱低剂量和高剂量组。除正常对照组外,所有大鼠均饲以高脂肪饲料(加入脂肪肝诱导剂丙基硫氧嘧啶),构建NASH模型,甜菜碱低剂量和高剂量组大鼠分别以200mg/kg和400mg/kg剂量甜菜碱溶液灌胃。第12周末处死全部大鼠。测定血清糖(Glucose),应用ELISA检测血清胰岛素(In-sulin),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)。结果:甜菜碱显著降低血清Insulin(P0.01)、Glucose和IRI(P0.05),且低、高剂量组间与模型组比较差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:甜菜碱可防治大鼠NASH,机制之一可能为改善NASH大鼠胰岛素抵抗。     

非诺贝特对高脂大鼠血脂及肝脏PPAR—α mRNA表达的影响

目的进一步探讨非诺贝特的调脂机制。方法将40只Wister大鼠随机分为对照组、高脂模型组、非诺贝特低、高剂量组各10只。对照组用普通饲料喂养,余三组予高脂饲料喂养,均连续8周。其中第5～8周,非诺贝特低、高剂量组予非诺贝特35、100mg／kg灌胃,其余两组分别以等量生理盐水灌胃。8周后各组均自下腔静脉取血测量血清TC、TG;并处死动物取肝脏制备匀浆,测定TC和TG水平,并应用RT—PCR检测过氧化物酶体增殖物激活型受体-α（PPAR-α）mRNA表达情况。结果①与对照组比较,高脂模型组血清及肝匀浆TG、TC水平均明显升高（P〈0．01）,肝脏PPAR-α/β—actin明显下降（P〈0．01）。②与高脂模型组比较,非诺贝特高、低剂量组血清及肝匀浆TG、TC水平均明显降低（P〈0．05、0．01）,肝脏PPAR-α/β-actin均明显升高（P〈0．05、0．01）。③与非诺贝特低剂量组比较,非诺贝特高剂量组血清和肝匀浆TG水平明显降低（P〈0．05）,而肝脏PPAR-α/β-actin明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论非诺贝特可降低高脂大鼠血清及肝组织血脂水平,且呈剂量依赖性;上调肝脏PPAR-α mRNA表达为其调脂机制之一。     

清肝化痰活血方对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的防治作用

目的:探讨清肝化痰活血方对LXRa/FAS信号通路介导的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)大鼠肝细胞脂肪沉积的影响。方法:选用SPF级雄性SD大鼠70只,分4组,正常组、模型组、治疗组及预防组;除正常组外其余3组大鼠采用高脂饮食复制NASH模型;造模8周结束。预防组大鼠从造模开始给予清肝化痰活血方灌胃,1次/d,共12周;治疗组大鼠从造模结束后,开始灌胃清肝化痰活血方,而模型组、正常组大鼠灌胃等量生理盐水,均1次/d,共4周。观察各组大鼠肝脏脂肪变性程度、血清ALT、AST、TC、TG水平。采用实时定量PCR法检测肝细胞LXRamRNA、FAS mRNA的表达。结果:造模8周时,正常组大鼠肝组织正常,其余3组大鼠肝脏均发生不同程度脂肪变性;模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平升高,与正常组比较,差异有显著性意义(P0.05),与模型组比较,预防组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TC、TG水平显著下降(P0.05);治疗组大鼠的肝脏脂肪变性程度均明显轻于模型组大鼠,其ALT、AST、TC、TG水平明显低于模型组(P0.05);与正常组比较,其余3组大鼠肝细胞LXRa、FAS基因表达水平均明显升高(P0.01),与模型组比较,预防组和治疗组大鼠的上述基因表达水平下调明显(P0.01)。结论:LXRa/FAS通路是介导NAFLD脂质平衡代谢紊乱重要的信号通路,清肝化痰活血方能够调控肝细胞LXRa/FAS通路,使NASH大鼠肝细胞脂肪沉积趋于减轻,这可能是该方抗实验性大鼠脂肪性肝炎的作用机制之一。     

网络抗氧化剂对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠氧化应激作用的影响

目的探讨网络抗氧化剂对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）大鼠氧化应激作用的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为3组,正常对照组、模型组、网络抗氧化剂组。正常对照组普通饲料喂养,模型组喂高脂饮食,网络抗氧化剂组在高脂饮食12周后给予维生素E（100mg／kg）、维生素C（100mg／kg）、硫辛酸（40mg／kg）、辅酶Q10（100mg／kg）、还原性谷胱甘肽（100mg／kg）混合灌胃治疗。16周末处死各组大鼠,测定血清转氨酶（ALT、AST）及硒-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Se-GSH-PX）活性,光镜下观察肝脏组织病理形态学改变,测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST显著升高（P〈0．05）;肝组织MDA含量增高（P〈0．05）,SOD及Se-GSH-PX活性下降（P〈0．05）;肝脏脂肪变性程度和炎症活动度均有显著增高（P〈0．05）,与模型组比较,网络抗氧化剂组可促进上述指标恢复（P〈0．05）。结论网络抗氧化剂对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠NASH有一定治疗效果,网络抗氧化剂之间协同增强的抗氧化能力有效阻遏了自由基引发的氧化应激,保持了氧化／抗氧化平衡,改善NASH大鼠脂肪变性,减轻炎症反应。     

丹参提取物对心力衰竭模型大鼠心功能及心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察丹参提取物对心力衰竭模型大鼠心功能及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法选取Wistar雄性大鼠50只,建立心力衰竭模型,其中假手术组10只,模型组、低剂量组(0.1 mL/kg)、中剂量组(0.3 mL/kg)、高剂量组(0.5 mL/kg)各10只,比较各组动脉收缩压(SAP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)。心肌病理组织染色观察心肌细胞凋亡情况,检测ColⅠ、ColⅢ、p53、磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶(p-ERK)、磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶(p-JNK)蛋白表达情况。结果与模型组相比,假手术组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组HR、LVSP、SAP、MAP均升高,ColⅠ、ColⅢ、心肌细胞凋亡率、p-ERK、p-JNK均降低,假手术组、中剂量组p53水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组相比,低剂量组、高剂量组HR、LVSP、SAP、MAP降低,ColⅠ、ColⅢ、心肌细胞凋亡率、p53、p-ERK、p-JNK升高(P<0.05)。假手术组与中剂量组HR、LVSP、SAP、MAP、ColⅠ、ColⅢ、心肌细胞凋亡率、p53、p-ERK、p-JNK比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高剂量组、低剂量组HR、LVSP、SAP、MAP低于中剂量组(P<0.05),ColⅠ、ColⅢ、心肌细胞凋亡率、p53、p-ERK、p-JNK高于中剂量组(P<0.05)。结论丹参提取物能改善大鼠心功能,通过调控p53、p-ERK、p-JNK蛋白表达,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,为临床应用提供理论依据。     

Effect of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker on sexual activity of male rats and its toxicity

Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex. Baker (Krachaidum) has long been used among Thai men for sexual enhancement. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of K. parviflora ethanolic extract on the sexual behavior of male rats and its toxicity. The experiment was divided into three groups of rats given K. parviflora extract at doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg BW for 60 days, whilst a control group received distilled water at 1 ml/day per oral. The results showed that all groups of male rats had significantly higher courtship behavior during the first 10-minute period of observation than in the 2nd and 3rd 10-minute periods, except those receiving the highest dose of K. parviflora. They revealed the same amount of courtship behavior throughout a whole 30-minute period, which was significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant difference between treated and control groups in other sexual behaviors; mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), mount latency (ML), or intromission latency (IL). Toxicological study revealed no significant difference of hemoglobin, WBC or differential cell count. All dosages had no effect on kidney and liver function, according to the normal values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Crea), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Nevertheless, the histopathological study showed a morphological change in the liver. It was concluded that K. parviflora extract at 240 mg/kg BW reduced the time in the first 10 mintues of rat courtship behavior and the use of high and chronic doses of K. parviflora in humans should be considered inadvisable.     

大剂量丹星通络汤对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨复方中药丹星通络汤对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组,对照组、模型组、尼莫地平组(尼莫地平10 mg/kg)、方剂小剂量组(复方丹星通络汤7.5g/kg)和方剂大剂量组(复方丹星通络汤15 g/kg),每组10只,连续灌胃5 d。检测血清丙二醛含量、大脑促凋亡基因(Fas)细胞表达,并观察行为学改变。结果模型组大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后血清丙二醛含量、脑组织Fas阳性细胞表达、行为学评分明显高于对照组、尼莫地平组、方剂小剂量组和方剂大剂量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);方剂大剂量组大鼠血清丙二醛含量、脑组织Fas阳性细胞表达、行为学评分较尼莫地平组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大剂量复方丹星通络汤可有效降低脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清丙二醛含量、Fas阳性细胞表达、行为学评分,对脑缺血再灌注损伤有明显保护作用。     

纳豆激酶对正常大鼠凝血系统的影响

目的通过检测正常大鼠的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及凝血酶时间(TT),观察纳豆激酶(NK)冻干粉(NK-1)肌肉注射和固体发酶纳豆粉(NK-2)给药方式的NK抗凝血作用。方法将80只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、肝素对照1组、肝素对照2组、阿司匹林对照组、NK-1注射低剂量组、NK-1注射中剂量组、、NK-1注射高剂量组[注射剂量依次为1.6万～25.9万U/(kg·d)],NK-2口服低剂量组、NK-2口服中剂量组、NK-2口服高剂量组[口服剂量依次为0.5万～7.5万U/(kg·d)],每组8只。给药后观察各组大鼠血浆APTT、TT和PT指标变化。结果与空白对照组比较,NK-1注射高剂量组、NK-2口服高剂量组和阿司匹林对照组PT明显延长(P<0.05,P<0.01);肝素对照1、2组、NK-1注射低、中、高剂量组、NK-2口服高、中剂量组和阿司匹林对照组APTT明显延长(P<0.05,P<0.01);肝素对照2组、NK-1注射高剂量组TT明显延长(P<0.01)。结论 NK-1在1.6万～25.9万U/(kg·d)剂量范围内注射给药,与NK-2在0.5万～7.5万U/(kg·d)剂量范围内口服给药,对正常大鼠均具有一定的抗凝血作用,且抗凝血作用随剂量的升高而增强。     

Therapeutic effect and apoptosis mechanism of lung-tonifying and expectorant decoction on lung cancer rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis

Objective:To explore the effect and specific mechanism of lung-tonifying and expectorant decoction on lung cancer rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis,and aim to provide a new idea on treating the disease with traditional Chinese medicine based on syndrome differentiation.Methods:A total of 60 C57BL/6J male rats were included in the study.The model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis was established in 60 rats by using multiple-factor stimulation.About 10 rats were randomly taken to verify whether the model establishment was successful and the rest of 50 rats were divided into 5 groups with 10 rats each:blank control group,cisplatin group,low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group.The blank control group was treated with normal saline,and cisplatin group was treated with cisplatin while the other three groups were treated with lung-tonifying and expectorant decoction at different doses.The volume change in transplanted tumor,tumor inhibition rate,apoptosis rate,and expression of Bc1-2,Bax.cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in 5 groups were compared.Results:The rapidest growth rate of transplanted tumor volume was observed in blank control group and the slowest in cisplatin group.The growth rate was gradually decreased with the increasing dose of lung-tonifying and expectorant decoction,and the difference in growth of tumor volume among groups was statistically significant(P0.05).The cisplatin group showed the highest tumor inhibition rate,with dose-dependent increase(P0.05).The apoptosis rate in low dose group was higher than blank control group but lower than high dose group(P0.05).The apoptosis rate in medium dose group was significantly higher man blank control group(P).05).The apoptosis rate in high dose group was significantly higher than control group(P0.05).The positive expression rates of Bel-2 and Bax in all groups showed statistically significant difference(P0.05),while expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in 5 groups was significantly different,with dose-dependent increase(P0.05).Conclusions:The lung-tonifying and expectorant decoction inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells by inducing and activating the cell apoptosis in treatment of lung cancer with Qi deficiency and blood stasis,probably with good clinical therapeutic effect.     

银杏叶提取物与秋水仙碱对大鼠肝纤维化预防作用的比较

目的比较银杏叶提取物(GBE)和秋水仙碱对实验性大鼠肝纤维化的预防作用。方法SD雄性大鼠40只随机分为4组:正常组(n=10)、模型组(n=10)、秋水仙碱预防组(n=10)及GBE预防组(n=10)。模型组、秋水仙碱预防组及GBE预防组给予500 mL/L CCl4腹腔注射,1 mL/kg,每周2次,共8周,秋水仙碱预防组每天同时给予秋水仙碱灌胃,0.2 mg/kg,GBE预防组每天同时给予GBE灌胃,0.3 g/kg。实验结束后,心脏取血分离血清行肝功能生化指标检测,处死动物取肝脏甲醛固定,常规行HE染色,免疫组化检测α-SMA和TGF-β1。结果光镜下组织学检查纤维化分级GBE预防组低于秋水仙碱预防组(P0.05),肝功能生化指标检测GBE预防组优于秋水仙碱预防组[ALT:(168.4±34.6)U/Lvs(210.6±40.8)U/L;AST:(318.8±62.5)U/Lvs(511.2±53.2)U/L;ALB:(31.0±2.1)g/Lvs(28.1±2.0)g/L;P均0.05],免疫组化检测α-SMA及TGF-β1蛋白表达GBE预防组低于秋水仙碱预防组(α-SMA:29.3±1.5vs5.1±2.2;TGF-β1:14.5±0.9vs28.6±0.9)。结论GBE预防大鼠肝纤维化的作用优于秋水仙碱,GBE作为一种新的抗肝纤维化药物有很好的研究和应用前景。     

Infliximab and semen quality in men with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND: Infliximab is effective for induction and maintenance of remission in reproductive age men with Crohn's disease. There is no available data on the effects of infliximab on semen quality. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in semen quality occurred in men receiving infliximab. METHODS: In this prospective study, each patient served as his own control. Patients completed general health and fertility questionnaires and were assessed for disease activity. Two semen analyses were completed before infusion with infliximab and 1 semen analysis was completed 1 week after infusion. Mean semen parameters before infusion were compared with postinfusion parameters by paired t tests. RESULTS: Ten men completed the study. Seven were on maintenance infliximab (group 1) and 3 were receiving a first dose (group 2). Seven had Crohn's disease, 2 had indeterminate colitis, and 1 had ulcerative colitis. All group 1 patients were in remission. Group 2 patients had moderate or severe disease. In comparing pre- and postinfusion semen parameters in all 10 patients, there was a significant increase in semen volume (P = 0.013) after infusion with infliximab and a trend toward decreased sperm motility (P = 0.061). Group 1 had a significant increase in semen volume after infusion (P = 0.039) and a significant decrease in normal oval forms after infusion (P = 0.038). In comparing group 1 and group 2, there was a significant difference in sperm progression. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab therapy in men may decrease sperm motility and the number of normal oval forms. Whether these findings translate into impaired fertility is an area for further study.     

Potential effect of Silybum marianum L. and Cistus ladaniferus L.extracts on urine volume,creatinine clearance and renal function

Objective: To investigate the diuretic and renal effects of Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L.in normal rats.Methods: Four groups of rats were used in each experiment.The first group received water,the second group received Cistus ladaniferus L.extract(100 mg/kg b.wt),the third group received Silybum marianum L.extract(100 mg/kg b.wt),and the fourth group received furosemide(10 mg/kg b.wt).Variables including urine volume,plasma and urine sodium,potassium and creatinine,and creatinine clearance were measured.Two experiments were conducted.A single dose of each intervention was used and the variables were measured during 24 h,and the interventions were given daily for a total of 8 d and the variables were measured during various intervals.Results: The single dose of each plant extract increased urine volume at all-time intervals and increased urine sodium and potassium excretion without affecting plasma sodium and potassium(P0.05).On the day 8 after daily administration,the plant extracts induced a significant diuresis and natriuresis without affecting serum electrolytes(P0.05),while furosemide caused hypokalemia.Both plant extracts significantly increased creatinine clearance(P0.05).Conclusions: Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L Increase creatinine clearance and have a significant diuretic effect without affecting serum electrolytes.Silybum marianum L.is more potent than furosemide or Cistus ladaniferus L.     

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽对脑缺氧缺血新生大鼠胱冬酶-3和X-连锁凋亡抑制蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽(pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide,PACAP)对脑缺氧缺血(hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,HIBD)新生大鼠胱冬酶-3和x-连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP)的影响,探讨其脑保护作用和有效剂量.方法 60只新生大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水对照组以及PACAP大剂量组(10-8 mol)、中等剂量组(10-9 mol)和小剂量组(10-8 mol),建立HIBD动物模型.应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法榆测新生大鼠HIBD后24 h损伤侧脑组织的胱冬酶-3 mRNA和XIAP mRNA表达情况,应用分光光度法检测胱冬酶-3活性.结果 在HIBD后24 h,生理盐水对照组胱冬酶-3 mRNA表达和酶活性以及XIAP mRNA表达均显著高于假手术组(P均<0.01);PACAP各剂量组胱冬酶-3 mRNA表达和酶活性均显著低于生理盐水对照组(P均<0.01),而XIAP mRNA表达均显著高于牛理盐水对照组(P均<0.01).结论 PACAP能上调XIAP mRNA表达,抑制胱冬酶-3 mRNA表达和酶活性,对新生大鼠HIBD具有保护作用,而且在大剂量、中等剂量和小剂量时均有效.