广西地区急性中毒程度的影响因素研究

目的探讨广西地区急性中毒程度的相关影响因素。方法采用回顾性调查分析方法对2005～2009年6011例中毒患者的临床资料进行查阅、分类统计及分析。结果在6011例中,轻、中、重度中毒分别为2577例(42.87%)、2038例(33.90%)和1396例(23.22%),死亡157例(2.61%)。各类影响因素与病例分布分析表明,发病地区以农村病例数(61.84%)最多,重度中毒率与死亡率(分别为25.88%和3.38%)最高。发病形式以散发性病例数(89.34%)最多,其重度中毒与死亡人数分别占总构成数的96.85%和95.54%。年龄以20～60岁组病例数(68.84%)最多,其重度中毒与死亡人数分别占71.78%和72.61%。中毒原因以意外性、自杀性、误食性中毒的病例数(91.89%)最多,其重度中毒与死亡人数分别占93.76%和92.99%。毒物类别以农药类与化学类的病例数(61.23%)最多,其中农药类的重度中毒与死亡人数分别占60.24%、73.25%。结论以农村、散发性、20～60岁年龄段和意外性、自杀性、误食性原因与农药类、化学类毒物对发病人数和中毒程度有着突出影响,应为广西地区急性中毒关注的重点。     

Disability determination and the social conscience

The unfit and the unneeded! The miserable and despised and forgotten, dying in the social shambles. The progeny of prostitution–of the prostitution of men and women and children, of flesh and blood, and sparkle and spirit; in brief the prostitution of labor. If this is the best that civilization can do for the human, then give us howling and naked savagery. Far better to be a people of the wilderness and desert, of the cave and the squatting-place, than to be a people of the machine and the Abyss. (1).     

Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I protect intestinal cells from radiation induced apoptosis

We studied whether programmed cell death (or apoptosis) is the predominant mechanism in radiation-induced cell damage to rat intestinal mucosa and investigated the mechanism of the protective effect of GH and IGF-I in the same model. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, radiation, radiation plus GH and radiation plus IGF-I. Radiation was administered on the first day and on day 4. All animals were sacrificed and segments of the terminal ileum were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Apoptosis of the epithelial cells was identified at the cellular level by the TUNEL stain and was distinguished from necrosis by the characteristic morphology of the cells (cytoplasmic shrinkage, marginal chromatin condensation and generation of nuclear apoptotic bodies). Apoptotic cells in the control animals were few and detected only at the tips of the villi while in the irradiated animals almost all the epithelial cells were apoptotic, distributed from the crypts to the tips of the villi and the mucosa showed severe epithelial atrophy and ulceration. The histologic picture of the mucosa in the GH and IGF-I treated animals was similar to normal controls and apoptotic cells were restricted only at the tips of the villi. DNA and RNA from the mucosa cells were isolated and analyzed by electrophoresis. DNA fragmentation and RNA 28s band ribonuclease cleavage was observed only in the irradiated animals. We have shown that abdominal radiation causes intestinal epithelial cell damage mainly through the induction of apoptosis and the treatment with GH and IGF-I inhibits apoptosis of the cells and preserves the mucosal integrity.     

Diffusion tensor imaging of the sciatic and femoral nerves in unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip and osteonecrosis of femoral head: Comparison of the affected and normal sides

Abstract

Objective: The aim was to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the sciatic and femoral nerves in patients with unilateral osteoarthritis of the hip (OA) and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to investigate the mechanism of hip pain.

Methods: Forty-four patients (22 OA and 22 ONFH) underwent DTI of the sciatic and femoral nerves at the level of the hip joint and the S1 roots to visualize the tractography and quantify the FA and ADC values.

Results: The tractography of the femoral and the sciatic nerves on the affected side with OA and ONFH were similar to those on the normal side. The mean FA values of the sciatic and femoral nerves, and the S1 roots were 0.542, 0.551, and 0.316 with OA, 0.568, 0.560, and 0.318 with ONFH on the affected side, and 0.559, 0.560, and 0.315 on the normal side, respectively, and did not show significant differences. The FA values of the sciatic nerve on the affected side with OA decreased with longer pain duration.

Conclusion: The FA and ADC values of the sciatic and femoral nerves in patients with unilateral OA and ONFH showed no significant differences between the affected and normal sides.     

我国新时期水利血防面临的挑战与对策

血吸虫病的传播与流行严重威胁我国人民身体健康、阻碍经济社会发展。水利血防是指在血吸虫病流行区,利用水利工程结合血吸虫病防治措施,发挥控制钉螺孳生繁殖和扩散等防治作用,从而有效控制血吸虫病传播与流行的一种防治策略。本文回顾了我国血吸虫病防治策略和水利血防的历史沿革,以及水利血防在推进我国血吸虫病防治进程中的重要作用,分析了在当前我国的血吸虫病防治工作正在向传播阻断和消除阶段推进的新时期,水利血防工作所面临的问题和挑战,并提出了相应的水利血防对策建议:开展水利血防新策略研究;加强水利血防新技术研究,提高水利血防工程的效率和适用性;加强水利血防工程技术指导,完善工程评估体系建设等。     

人参及其主要成分抗糖尿病作用机制

临床和实验研究表明人参及其活性成分具有调节糖脂代谢,抗糖尿病和肥胖的作用。由于有效成分组成和含量的不同,导致其作用机制具有复杂性和多样性,涉及糖脂代谢的多个方面,主要与抑制食欲和肠道葡萄糖与脂肪的吸收;影响糖脂代谢通路,增加能量消耗;调节过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ（PPARγ）活性和表达,改善胰岛素抵抗;促进胰岛素合成和释放以及抗胰岛β细胞凋亡;抗氧化应激和抗炎作用有关。今后需要对人参不同有效部位和单体成分进行进一步的研究,明确其抗糖尿病和肥胖的确切有效成分和作用机制。     

Interrelationship between the basic parameters of hemo- and cardiodynamics in hypertension patients]

In examination of 541 patients with hypertensive disease and 98 practically healthy persons by means of mechanocardiography, rheography of the aorta and lung, rheovaso-, hepato-, and encephalography, and encephalography, and polycardiography, 4 types of disturbed hemodynamics were distinguished: hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, mixed, and normokinetic. Each type has characteristic signs distinguishing it from the other types and from the normal age parameters. Compared to the normal age parameters the changes in the parameters of the contractive function of the right and left ventricular myocardium and the disorders of blood supply to the liver, brain, and limbs are the most marked in the mixed and hypokinetic hemodynamic variant and less in the normokinetic hemodynamic variant.     

Echocardiographic assessment of the inferior vena cava wall motion for studies of right heart dynamics and function

Using subcostal echocardiography, 97 patients with diseases involving the right side of the heart and 15 normal subjects were examined in order to study the inferior vena cava (IVC) wall motion. All cases had a diagnostic cardiac catheterization and routine echocardiogram. The jugular pulse (JP) was recorded in 35 random cases contemporary to the IVC and tricuspid valve (TV) tracings. The aim of the study was to evaluate the variations of the IVC diameters in different cardiopathies and in relation to the right atrial mean pressure and the time-relationship of the IVC wall motion related to the cardiac rhythm and cycle, respiratory events, and JP and TV waves. The a, b, v, and y waves were identified on the IVC tracings and related to the respective waves of the JP and the points of closure and opening of the TV. The IVC a and v waves were coincident with the TV closure and opening, and therefore, considered as moments of maximal presystolic and systolic filling of the IVC. The JP a wave inscribed before, whereas the v wave did so after the same IVC waves, respectively. The IVC a wave was due to the atrial contraction and influenced by the cardiac rhythm. The emptying index (EI) was calculated from the diameters in a and b as a - b/a X %, whereas the collapsability index (CI) was calculated from the expiratory and inspiratory diameters as Ex - In/Ex X %, obtaining a good correlation with the right atrial mean pressure. Finally, the percentage systolic pulsation (SP) was calculated from the diameters in b and v as b - v/b X %. The indices of function of the IVC have been very useful in the evaluation of patients with raised heart pressure, tricuspid regurgitation, and pericardial effusion. From the present investigation it results that the IVC wall motion, more so than the JP waves, is an expression of right atrial and ventricular events, and that the above indices are an expression of the atrial and ventricular function in relation to the hemodynamic situation.     

Cholesterol precursor sterols, plant sterols, and cholestanol in human bile and gallstones

Biliary and gallstone sterol compositions were analyzed in 20 consecutive cholecystectomized patients. The main intention was to identify and quantitate noncholesterol sterols and to compare the sterol patterns of the two sources. Cholesterol comprised approximately 97% of the stone and gallbladder bile sterols; the remainder were from plant sterols, cholestanol, and cholesterol precursors, mainly lathosterol and methylsterols (two methostenols, lanosterol, and two dimethylsterols). Desmosterol and delta 8-lathosterol were also identified in both the bile and the gallstones. The sterol patterns of the bile and gallstones differed markedly. Thus, the contents of the two lathosterols and the two methostenols were clearly higher in the gallstones, whereas lanosterol stayed almost totally, and other minor sterols were preferentially, in the bile. In fact, the gallstone methylsterols consisted mainly of the two methostenols, a pattern usually seen in esterified methylsterols in serum. The core and matrix of the stone, and large and small stones as well, had only a small variation in their sterol composition within each individual, suggesting that the pattern of the noncholesterol sterol precipitation remains the same during the growth of the stone. Centrifugation of the bile revealed sedimentation of methylsterols with the stonelike sterol pattern. It can be speculated that the soluble and poorly soluble bile sterols have different hepatic origins and that the similarity between (a) methylsterols in the stone and sediment and (b) esterified methylsterols in serum points to a common hepatic site of origin.     

Intestinal expressions of eNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in rats with acute liver failure

AIM To observe the gene expression change ofeNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in the small and largeintestines with acute liver failure(ALF),and to reveal thebiological function of NO on the pathogenesis of ALF andmultiple organs dysfunction at the molecular level.METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were selected,weighing from 250g to 350g,and divided into 5 groupsrandomly:SO,ALF(6h,12h),L-Arg,L-NAME,L-Arg andL-NAME,each group with 10 rats.The dose of L-Arg was300mg.kg~(-1),and L-NAME was 30mg.kg~(-1),the reagentsdiluted by normal saline were injected through tail vein 30minutes pre-and post-operation.The rats in the ALFgroup were respectively sacrificed postoperatively at 6h,12h,and the rats in the other groups were sacrificedpostoperatively at 6h.The tissues of small and largeIntestines were harvested in 4% psraforaldehydecontaining the reagent of DEPC and fixed at 6h,embeddedin paraffin,and 4μm section was cut.The expression ofeNOSmRNA and INOSmRNA in these tissues wasdetermined with in situ hybridization,and analyzed withthe imaging analysis system of CMM-3 and SPSSstatistical software.RESULTS The expression of eNOSmRNA in the largeIntestine and INOSmRNA in the small and large intestinesIncreased significantly at 6h after ALF,but the expressionof iNOSmRNA in the small and large intestines reducednotably at 12h after ALF(P<0.05);the expression ofeNOSmRNA in the large intestine and iNOSmRNA in thesmall and large intestines decreased significantly with thereagents of L-Arg at 6h ALF,but the expression ofeNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in the small and largeintestines decreased totally with the reagents of L-NAMEor association with L-Arg 6h ALF.CONCLUSION The expression of eNOSmRNA in the largeintestine increased notably at the early stage of ALF,NOinduced by the enzyme of eNOS from the transplantationof eNOSmRNA can protect the function of the largeintestine,the high expression of iNOSmRNA is involved inthe damaged function of the small and large intestines.NOprecursor can reduce the expression of iNOSmRNA in the small and large intestines and the damage to intestines;NOS inhibitor or association with NO precursor can totallylower the expression of eNOSmRNA and iNOSmRNA in thesmall and large intestines,it cannot notably influence theNOS inhibitor in the gene expression of eNOSmRNA andiNOSmRNA to supply the additional NO precursor.     

Analytical Model of Hole Diameter and Self-Guiding Machining Mechanism of BTA Deep Hole Drilling

The goal of this study was to explore the self-guided machining mechanism of boring and trepanning association (BTA) deep hole drilling and realize precise control of the machining quality. The motion analysis method was used to analyze the center motion trajectory of the drill during the entrance, and the self-guiding mechanism and hole-forming mechanism of BTA deep hole drilling were revealed. Considering the bending deformation of the drilling tube and the tool structure parameters, according to the elastic-plastic deformation theory and Hertzian contact theory, a novel analytical model of the extrusion contact between the guide pads and the hole wall of the BTA deep hole drilling was established for the theoretical prediction of the extrusion deformation and the machining hole diameter. Combined with the finite element method (FEM) simulation model, the variation law of the contact inclination angle, contact stress, and extrusion deformation of the guide pads and the hole wall with the drilling conditions were studied. The total extrusion deformation between the guide pad and the hole wall was between 10 and 50 μm. The maximum error between the FEM simulation results and the test results was 18.1%, and the maximum error between the analytical model results and the test results was 23.6%. The simulation and experimental results showed that the established extrusion contact model could accurately predict the extrusion deformation of the hole wall and the machining hole diameter.     

江苏省实现血吸虫病传播控制的新策略与新技术

目的本文围绕国家预防控制血吸虫病中长期规划要求,结合江苏省血吸虫病防治的实际情况,阐述了该省自2004年以来,以控制和消灭感染性钉螺为突破口,依靠科技创新所取得的新技术,通过采取重点地域综合治理、重点人群重点防治及重点水域监测预警等防控新策略,全省血吸虫病疫情持续下降,到2010年底,提前5年实现全省血吸虫病传播控制的目标。     

Leg blood pressure measured in orthostatic posture is associated with left ventricular mass in normotensive subjects

BackgroundChanging from a supine to an orthostatic posture is associated with substantial increments in leg blood pressure (BP) levels, which could ultimately influence the hemodynamic burden imposed on the heart. This study investigated the relationship between brachial and leg BP measurements and the left cardiac chamber's structure and assessed the role of body posture changes in this regard.MethodsOne hundred and thirty normotensive, nondiabetic, nonsmoking, normolipemic subjects were evaluated by a clinical history, anthropometry, the analysis of metabolic parameters, echocardiography, and the measurement of BP in the arm and the calf in both supine and orthostatic positions.ResultsSignificant correlation coefficients between the leg BP measurements and the cardiac structure were detected, especially between the orthostatic pulse pressure (PP) and the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (r = 0.38; P < 0.001), the orthostatic PP and the LV mass (r = 0.37; P < 0.001), and the orthostatic systolic BP (SBP) and the left atrial size (r = 0.35; P < 0.001). Stepwise and standard regression analysis adjusted for brachial BP and anthropometric and metabolic variables confirmed that the leg orthostatic PP was independently related to the LV wall thickness and mass. Moreover, the leg orthostatic SBP was associated with the left atrial dimension even after adding the LV mass to the statistical models. Finally, triglyceride levels and body surface area showed significant relationship with leg orthostatic PP and SBP, whereas brachial orthostatic PP and SBP were only associated with age and anthropometric variables.ConclusionsOrthostatic leg BP is independently associated with the cardiac structure in normotensive subjects.American Journal of Hypertension 2012; doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.101.     

A meta-analysis of the association between stress and health in Taiwan

This study adopted the meta-analysis technique to analyze 354 journal articles, theses, and dissertations that had investigated the association between stress and health in Taiwan between January 1980 and December 2003. This study was conducted with the purpose of understanding the association between general stress and general health, the discrepant associations between different stress types and health facets, and the possible moderators between general stress and general health. A computer search for relevant studies was conducted on several databases using the key words "stress" and "life event". For each eligible study, the important study characteristics were recorded, and the effect sizes of the relationship between stress and health were computed. Furthermore, in order to investigate the moderating effects of the study characteristics on the stress-health relationship, the methods of categorical model analysis and correlation analysis were employed. The results of this study revealed that: (1) the correlations between general stress and general health as well as between general stress and various health facets fell between medium and high; (2) there existed different degrees of association between various stress types and health facets; and (3) none of the demographic and methodologic variables could by itself moderate the relationship between general stress and general health as the moderator effects were not sufficient and strong enough. This study presents a multidimensional framework of the issues on the relationship between stress and health, and it provides guiding references for future research. No evidence was found for moderating effects of social support, coping strategies, and personality traits on the stress-health relationship. Such findings may be due to methodologic limitations. This suggests that further investigation is needed.     

Research on Improving NVH Performance of Automobile Side Door Glass in Use Based on 6 Sigma Method

Automobile side door glass squeaks and rattles during use. This abnormal noise can make the driver and occupants irritable and reduce the comfort of the automobile. This reduces the sales of this automobile. This paper analyzes and determines the cause of squeak and rattle during the lifting and lowering process of the side door glass of an automobile. The noise is due to four reasons. One is that the distance between the inner waterproof belt and the automobile side door glass of the automobile is unreasonable, causing excessive friction between the automobile side door glass and the inner waterproof belt during the automobile side door glass up and down movement. Other factors affecting squeak and rattle may be the distance between the automobile side door sheet metal and the automobile side door glass, the thickness of the automobile side door glass and the characteristics of the inner waterproof belt. The first two dimensions are analyzed using the 6 sigma method, and the structure of the inner waterproof belt is improved and the flocking position is adjusted. The squeak and rattle phenomenon is explained using the implicit dynamic analysis method ABAQUS, and the compression load deflection after the installation of the inner waterproof belt is 3–9 N/100 mm. This research completely solves the squeak and rattle problem caused by the up and down movement of the side door glass of the automobile. This research has significance for solving practical engineering problems.     

Second derivative of photoplethysmogram in children and young people

The characteristics of the second derivative of the photoplethysmogram (SDPTG) were clarified in children and young people, and the factors affecting the SDPTG wave pattern were examined. The study group comprised 775 healthy subjects aged 3-20 years (mean, 10+/-5). The blood pressure of the left brachial artery was determined in the resting sitting position and then the fingertip PTG and the SDPTG were automatically measured using a digital photoplethysmograph, with the sensor located at the cuticle of the second digit of the right hand. The values used were the b/a, c/a, d/a, and e/a ratios, and the SDPTG aging index (SDPTG-AI). With increasing age, the systolic blood pressure and height increased (r = 0.52, 0.92). Aging decreased the b/a ratio and SDPTG-AI (r = -0.58, -0.67) and increased the c/a and e/a ratios (r = 0.42 and 0.42). There was no significant correlation between blood pressure and indices of SDPTG. As height increased, the b/a ratio and SDPTG-AI decreased (r = -0.57, -0.71), whereas the c/a and e/a ratios increased (r = 0.42 and 0.46). In males the SDPTG-AI decreased with age from 3 to 18 years and then increased, and in females it decreased with age from 3 to 15 years and then increased. Overall, the SDPTG-AI decreased with age between 3 and 18 years and then increased, forming a J curve. In the children's and young people's SDPTG, the b/a and SDPTG-AI decreased and the c/a and e/a ratios increased with age. The length of the vascular system and the inner diameter and wall thickness of vessels may modify the SDPTG wave pattern in the growth period. Thereafter, as the effects of these factors decrease, the increase in intravascular pressure and decreasing wall elasticity due to aging may affect the wave pattern.     

洞庭湖洲滩坡度与植被对感染性钉螺分布范围的影响

目的查明日本血吸虫感染性钉螺在洞庭湖洲滩的分布环境,着重分析洲滩的离岸距离、地面高程、坡度及优势植被种类等环境因素对感染螺分布的影响,为消除血吸虫病疫源地确定重点目标。方法在洞庭湖上游和下游共选择3类洲滩,分别在1987-1989年及2009年采用系统抽样法进行钉螺与感染性钉螺分布调查,查螺段面从堤岸边最高有螺线往下一直查到最低有螺线止,同时用水准仪测定地面高程（吴淞零点）,并记录植被种类。结果在3类洲滩钉螺孳生地中,有感染性螺分布的面积平均占35.5%。主要分布在大堤边和洲滩上部的坡岸地带。地势高、坡度陡的环境感染性钉螺较多;地势低、坡度小的平坦环境没有查到感染性钉螺。在芦苇地带也没有查获感染性钉螺,而在芦杂、柳林、莎草、藜蒿区均可有感染性钉螺出现。结论洞庭湖区的感染性钉螺有明显的沿堤岸分布趋向,其分布范围与汛期的水位、传染源（终宿主）的活动等有关。     

肠道菌群和心血管疾病的免疫调节

心血管疾病是人类健康的第一杀手,发病率和死亡率逐年增加。数万亿微生物寄居于人类肠道,在心血管疾病及其相关的代谢、免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。先天性和适应性免疫机制都参与了心血管疾病的发生发展,菌群组分和代谢产物可调节巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的分化及功能,并通过循环系统影响机体免疫稳态。本文将通过肠道菌群及其代谢产物与免疫系统的相互作用,讨论肠道菌群与心血管疾病发展之间潜在的免疫机制,为预防和治疗心血管疾病提供新思路。     

Synchronous electrogastrographic and manometric study of the stomach as an esophageal substitute

AIM: To investigate the electric and contractile mechanisms involved in the deranged function of the transposed stomach in relation to the course of the symptoms and the changes in contractile and electrical parameters over time. METHODS: Twenty-one patients after subtotal esoph agectomy and 18 healthy volunteers were studied. Complaints were compiled by using a questionnaire, and a symptom score was formed. Synchronous electrogas trography and gastric manometry were performed in the fasting state and postprandially. RESULTS: Eight of the operated patients were symptom-free and 13 had symptoms. The durations of the postoperative periods for the symptomatic (9.1±6.5 mo) and the asymptomatic (28.3±8.8 mo) patients were significantly different. The symptom score correlated negatively with the time that had elapsed since the operation. The percentages of the dominant frequency in the normogastric, bradygastric and tachygastric ranges differed significantly between the controls and the patients. A significant difference was detected between the power ratio of the controls and that of the patients. The occurrence of tachygastria in the symptomatic and the symptom-free patients correlated negatively both with the time that had elapsed and with the symptom score. There was a significant increase in motility index after feeding in the controls, but not in the patients. The contractile activity of the stomach increased both in the controls and in the symptom-free patients. In contrast, in the group of symptomatic patients, the contractile activity decreased postprandially as compared with the fasting state. CONCLUSION: The patients' post-operative complaints and symptoms change during the post-operative period and correlate with the parameters of the myoelectric and contractile activities of the stomach. Tachygastria seems to be the major pathoGenetic factor involved in the contractile dysfunction.     

脑中风与红细胞胆固醇,过氧化脂质和超氧化物歧化酶水平关系的研究

检测１０９例脑梗塞、１０５例脑出血患者和１００例健康对照者红细胞胆固醇（Ｅ－Ｃｈ）、血浆和红细胞过氧化脂质（Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ）含量及超氧休物歧化酶（Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ）活性的结果表明，与对照组比较，脑梗塞组Ｅ－Ｃｈ显著升高，脑出血组Ｅ－Ｃｈ显著降低；２患者组Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ显著升高，Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－ＳＯＤ显著降低；Ｅ－Ｃｈ与脑梗塞患者病情及Ｐ－ＬＰＯ、Ｅ－ＬＰＯ、Ｐ－ＳＯＤ、Ｅ－Ｓ