臀中肌蒂骨瓣移植治疗股骨粗隆部骨囊肿

股骨粗隆部骨囊肿，可见于任何年龄。但仍以青、少年较多见。常因病理骨拆而被发现。处理不当很易造成下肢短缩、髋内（外）翻等并发症而出现胶行、负重困难等。严重可导致股骨头缺血坏死。我院自1986年8月至1995年10月先后对16例股骨粗隆部骨囊肿患者中的6例应用带臀中肌蒂骨瓣移植进行治疗，随访效果满意。现报告如下：一股资料本组6例，男5例，女1例。年龄13－24岁，平均19岁。手术后全部得到1．5～9年的随访，结果骨折愈合良好。告关节功能满意，病变本再复发。典型病例病例一：孙X，男，‘3岁。因右下肢摔伤后感胸部疼痛、活动障碍13…     

喙突带蒂骨瓣在上颌骨肿瘤切除后眶底缺损修复中的应用（附三例报告）

喙突带蒂骨瓣在上颌骨肿瘤切除后眶底缺损修复中的应用（附三例报告）浙江医科大学附属二院口腔科颌面外科（３１０００９）陈关福，吴新宏，曹赛君浙江省杭州市第四人民医院口腔科张惠珍上颌骨恶性肿瘤切除常需作眶底切除而必须保护眼球，维护眼球的自然位置，以避免发生...     

带血管蒂自体骨植入灭活瘤段骨在肢体恶性骨肿瘤中的应用

目的 将带血管蒂的骨瓣植入灭活瘤段骨的保肢技术用于恶性骨肿瘤切除后的修复重建，探讨此技术的临床应用效果。方法 自2000年4月～2005年3月对10例恶性骨肿瘤患者经新辅助化疗后，开展带血管蒂骨瓣植入与灭活瘤段骨回植联合应用的保肢技术。此方法为在距瘤缘5cm外截断负瘤骨后，置高温水浴15min再回植原位，灭活骨及截骨线远端健康骨开槽，取带血管蒂骨瓣植入灭活瘤段骨，予以内固定。结果 10例患者经5月。56月随访。无瘤生存9例，1例死于肺转移（未行术后化疗，局部无复发）。10例患者灭活骨均已成活并与健康骨及骨瓣愈合，肢体功能基本满意：较单纯灭活骨回植骨折愈合时间大为缩短。结论 同其他保肢方法如：人工假体、自体或异体骨移植及其他灭活方法比较，此方法操作简单，灭活彻底，再植之灭活骨在带血运的骨瓣的血供作用下加快并保证了再生、成活及愈合，恢复了原来的解剖结构并获得了良好的功能；在一定程度上克服了灭活骨回植后易发生吸收、骨折不愈合、再骨折等缺点。     

带血管蒂肩胛骨瓣植入灭活肱骨瘤段重建肩关节

目的：探讨肱骨近端恶性肿瘤切除术后带血管蒂肩胛骨瓣植入灭活瘤段骨重建肩关节的方法．方法：4例肱骨近端骨肉瘤患者(外科分期均为ⅡB)，术前均接受新辅助化疗。手术截除瘤段骨，经煮沸灭活后用带血管蒂肩胛骨瓣植入重建肩关节。结果：4例患者随访10～27个月，术后2个月ECT均显示灭活瘤段骨有核素浓聚。3例于12个月左右骨性愈合，1例术后10个月未完全骨性愈合．所有患者均无瘤生存，无局部复发和远处转移，肩关节功能均达到可接受程度。结论：带血管蒂肩胛骨瓣植入灭活瘤段骨重建肩关节手术是一种有效的肱骨近端恶性肿瘤保肢手术．具有独特的优点。     

后颅窝肿瘤术后的护理

报告了对 45例择期手术治疗的后颅窝肿瘤患者的术后护理体会。认为由于后颅窝解剖结构的特殊性 ,对其术后护理应抓住重点 :注意体位 ,保持呼吸道通畅 ,严密观察病情变化 ,预防并发症 ,加强营养 ,可有效促进病人早日康复。     

带蒂额肌帽状腱膜颅骨瓣修复前颅底的术后护理

目的：提高带蒂额肌帽状腱膜颅骨瓣修复前颅底的存活率，减少术后并发症。方法：对12例前颅底区病变的术后缺损行带蒂额肌帽状腱膜颅骨瓣修复，采取的护理措施有术后体位、神经系统、呼吸系统、创口出血、眼部、鼻部以及并发症的观察护理。结果：12例行带蒂额肌帽状腱膜颅骨瓣修复前颅底患者，全部痊愈出院。结论：带蒂额肌帽状腱膜颅骨瓣修复前颅底缺损手术，具有多学科性，在术后护理中必须融合神经外科、眼科、耳鼻咽喉科及额面整形的多学科知识，加强有效的多学科综合护理措施，才能保证手术的成功。     

经左胸食管切除食管胃吻合转移肌瓣覆盖术——附128例报告

目的：提高中上段食管癌的治疗效果,降低颈部食管胃吻合口瘘的发生率。方法：采用带蒂肌瓣覆盖于经左胸食管切除颈部食管胃吻合口。结果：食管癌切除术后吻合口瘘的发生率降为０．８％（１／１２１）。结论：该术式能有效预防吻合口瘘,食管切除范围大;符合生理要求。     

带蒂大网膜瓣环包术预防食管胃吻合口瘘

胸腔内食管 -胃吻合口瘘是食管癌、贲门癌及其他恶性肿瘤外科治疗的极为严重的并发症。尽管近年来创新和改进了许多吻合方法 ,仍未能完全解决这一难题。我们用带蒂大网膜瓣环包食管 -胃吻合口区预防吻合口瘘的发生 ,取得了良好效果。1　材料与方法1.1　临床资料1998年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 6月完成食管、贲门恶性肿瘤切除及食管 -胃胸腔内吻合 110例。男性 81例 ,女性 2 9例。年龄41～ 72岁 ,平均 6 1岁。食管 -胃主动脉弓上吻合 6 0例 ,弓下吻合 5 0例。应用吻合器机械吻合 86例 ,手法吻合 2 4例。鳞状细胞癌 6 5例 ,腺癌 40例 ,癌肉瘤 3例 ,平…     

带血管蒂皮瓣修复肢体肿瘤切除后软组织缺损

我院自 1997年起 ,采用带血管蒂的皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复四肢、躯干的骨、软组织肿瘤切除后 ,皮肤、肌肉等软组织严重缺失 2 1例 ,收到了良好的效果。1　材料与方法1.1　一般资料本组 2 1例 ,男性 13例 ,女性 8例年龄 7岁～ 5 9岁。 2 1例中 ,骨肿瘤 6例 ,软组织肿瘤 15例。 6例骨     

带蒂舌骨下肌群肌骨瓣修复分化型甲状腺癌术后气管部分缺损的临床应用

目的：探讨侵犯气管的分化型甲状腺癌术后,应用带蒂舌骨下肌群肌骨瓣修复的可行性。方法：对2006年1月至2010年12月共10例侵犯气管的分化型甲状腺癌行根治性切除术,受累气管窗式切除,应用带蒂舌骨下肌群肌骨瓣修复,术后辅助131Ⅰ治疗。结果：10例患者均术后3月拔除气管套管,拔管率100％,术后定期复查电子支气管镜,肌骨瓣均存活,重建气管腔壁上皮化,无明显狭窄;随访5年,远处转移死亡1例。结论：带蒂舌骨下肌群肌骨瓣有良好的血供,远期效果好,拔管率高,是分化型甲状腺癌气管部分切除后的理想修复组织。     

Diffusion MRI in Evaluation of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors

Background: To evaluate the role of diffusion MRI in differentiating pediatric posterior fossa tumors and determine the cut-off values of ADC ratio to distinguish medulloblastoma from other common tumors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MRI of 90 patients (7.5-year median age) with pathologically proven posterior fossa tumors (24 medulloblastoma, 7 ependymoma, 4 anaplastic ependymoma, 13 pilocytic astrocytoma, 30 diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), 4 ATRT, 3 diffuse astrocytoma, 2 high grade astrocytoma, 2 glioblastoma, and 1 low grade glioma). The conventional MRI characteristics were evaluated. Two readers reviewed DWI visual scale and measured ADC values by consensus.  ADC measurement was performed at the solid component of tumors. ADC ratio between the tumors to cerebellar white matter were calculated. Results: The ADC ratio of medulloblastoma was significantly lower than ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and DIPG. The ADC cut-off ratio of ≤ 1.115 allowed discrimination medulloblastoma from other posterior fossa tumors with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 95.8%, 81%, 67.6% and 97.9%, respectively. ADC ratio cut-off level to differentiate medulloblastoma from ependymoma was ≤ 0.995 with area under the curve (AUC)= 0.8693. ADC ratio cut-off level for differentiate medulloblastoma from pilocytic astrocytoma at ≤ 1.17 with AUC = 0.9936. ADC cut-off level for differentiate medulloblastoma from DIPG at ≤ 1.195 with AUC = 0.9681. The ADC ratio was correlated with WHO grading by the lower ADC ratio associated with the higher grade. Furthermore, High DWI visual scale was associated with high grade tumor. Conclusion: Diffusion MRI has a significant role in diagnosis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors. ADC ratio can be used to distinguish medulloblastoma from other posterior fossa tumor with good level of diagnostic performance.     

The Microscopic Surgical Treatment for Tumor of Posterior Cranial Fossa in Children

OBIECTIVE To analyze and discuss about the clinical characteristics,pathological types,surgical modalities and techniques,and postoperative complications in children with tumor of posterior cranial fossa.METHODS Retrospective study was conducted on 102 cases of pediatric tumor of posterior cranial fossa,admitted and treated in our hospital during the period of January 1996 to January 2007.All patients underwent microscopic surgical treatment.Fiftyeight were male and 44 cases were female.The age ranged from 9months to 14 years old,with an average of 6.1±0.5 of age.Cranial CT or MRI examination was conducted before and after the surgery on all patients.RESULTS The primary manifestations for this group of patients were increased intracranial pressure and/or ataxia.Postoperative pathological diagnoses showed:46 cases of medulloblastoma,43cases of astrocytoma,11 cases of ependymoma(including 1 case of degenerative ependymoma),1 case of dermoid cvst,and 1 case of teratoma.In this group of the patients,radical surgery was used in 68 cases and subtotal surgical removal used in 31 cases,while surgical removal of large Section was performed on 3 cases.There were no deaths from surgery reported.Ninety-one cases showed significant symptomatic improvement when compared with preoperative conditions,while 11 cases showed either no improvement or more severely affected afterward.For 6 cases,postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed within 7 days to 2 months after the surgery.Sixty-three patients gained follow-up for 3 to 60 months in duration.Thirty-nine patients regained normal life and were able to learn well,while there were 7 patients who could not live normally on their own.During the follow-up period,there were 17 cases of recurrence and 7 cases of death.In 23 cases of medulloblastoma in children with age of 3 Years old or above,2 cases who underwent surgical removal of intracranial ependymoma received small dosage of postoperative X-ray radiotherapy on the the brain and spinal cord.Nine cases of medulloblastoma in children under age of 3 and 17 cases of astrocytoma diagnosed after the surgery received chemotherapy of C:armustine.CONCLUSION Medulloblastomas and astrocytomas were the most common types of pediatric tumor of posterior cranial fossa,right followed by ependymoma,and dermoid cysts and teratomas were rare.Early correct diagnosis,proper selection of appropriate surgical modality and the surgical margin,proper treatment of postoperative complications,and the selecting right radiotherapy or chemotherapy were the key factors in influencing the prognostic outcome of children with turrtor of posterior cranial fossa.     

Combined Modality Therapy for Poorly Differentiated Gliomas of the Posterior Fossa in Children: A Children's Cancer Group Report

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for children with high-grade astrocytomas of the posterior fossa. Patients and Methods: In the CCG-945 study, 250 patients were treated by members of the Children's Cancer Group (CCG). Sixteen children were randomly assigned to one of two chemotherapy regimens, vincristine, lomustine, and prednisone or 8-in-1, using the same involved-field irradiation in both. Six infants received 8-in-1 chemotherapy before involved-field irradiation. All pathologic specimens had central review. Results: Twenty-two patients with an institutional diagnosis high-grade posterior fossa tumors received chemotherapy and/or irradiation. Fifteen were confirmed by central review to have high-grade gliomas. Overall survival for confirmed high-grade astrocytoma of the posterior fossa was approximately 36 ± 13% at 5 years for the children (n = 11) and 25 ± 15% at 5 years for the infants (n = 4). Conclusions: Involved-field irradiation with chemotherapy appeared to prevent extraneural and subarachnoid metastases. We also confirmed the rarity of the tumor (6% of patients registered). Further Phase III trials are necessary to improve survival in this aggressive tumor.     

47例长骨骨肿瘤保肢治疗的临床观察

[目的]探讨长骨骨肿瘤保肢治疗的方法及疗效。[方法]47例Ⅲ期以上长骨骨肿瘤实施瘤段切除＋重建骨缺损的保肢治疗，并均随访。[结果]参照Enneking肢体肌肉骨骼系统肿瘤外科治疗重建术后功能评定标准，肢体功能优良率达73％。[结论]保肢治疗已成为长骨骨肿瘤治疗的主要手段，且疗效确切。