Effect of psychosocial work environment and job satisfaction on burnout syndrome among specialist physicians

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome according to medical specialty and to examine the impact of work psychosocial risk factors, job satisfaction and professional characteristics on burnout syndrome among specialist physicians throughout Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1,021 Spanish physicians. The outcome variables were the 3 dimensions of burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The explanatory variables were work psychosocial risk factors and job satisfaction evaluated by a stress scale specifically designed for physicians. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: The probability of high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were greater in physicians exposed to a high level of contact with suffering and death and to a negative impact of work on home life. The probability of high emotional exhaustion was greater among physicians with a high work overload. The risk of low personal accomplishment was higher among physicians with low professional satisfaction and those without training activities. Dissatisfaction with relationships with patients and relatives had a negative effect on the 3 dimensions of burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial work environment and job satisfaction have a negative effect on burnout syndrome, especially on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.     

北京市三甲医院医生职业倦怠调查与分析

目的了解医生的职业倦怠现状,为提高卫生人力资源管理效率提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,用MBI-HSS量表对256名医生进行调查。结果81.2%的被试者有一定程度的情感衰竭现象;有66.4%的被试者有一定程度的去人性化现象;76.2%的被试者没有个人成就感;男性医生在去人性化和个人成就感方面要显著高于女性医生;低学历被试者的个人成就感要低于高学历的被试者。未婚医生在去人性化方面显著高于已婚医生。低职称者在去人性化方面显著高于高职称者,其个人成就感低于高职称者。结论医生的职业倦怠状况较为普遍,且严重程度令人堪忧。在预防和矫治职业倦怠时,应重点关注男性年轻医生和低学历、初级职称人员。     

医护人员工作倦怠与工作满意度现况调查及其影响因素

目的分析医护人员工作倦怠及工作满意度的影响因素。方法采用职业倦怠问卷（Maslach Burnout Inventory,MBI）及明尼苏达工作满意度问卷（Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire,MSQ）对辽宁省铁岭煤矿集团总医院的600名医护人员进行自填式问卷调查。结果 30～39岁年龄组及工作年数在10～19 a的医护人员的情绪衰竭、人格解体维度得分最高,分别为11.70±7.01、6.15±5.68和11.92±5.82、6.26±5.95;离异的医护人员个人成就感最低,得分为19.81±6.93。承担科主任或护士长管理职位的医护人员的工作倦怠度比未承担管理职位的医护人员低。高级技术职称的医护人员个人成就感明显高于初级职称者,没有夜班的医护人员在总体工作满意度上得分明显高于有夜班人员。医患关系严重紧张的医护人员的情绪衰竭、人格解体维度得分高于一般紧张的医护人员,而工作满意度得分低于一般紧张的医护人员。医护人员的工作满意度与情绪衰竭、人格解体、离职意愿呈负相关关系,而与个人成就感呈正相关关系。结论年龄、工作年数、婚姻状况、管理职务、技术职称、夜班工作、医患关系都影响到医护人员的工作倦怠及工作满意度。医护人员的工作倦怠及工作满意度影响离职意愿。     

Supervisors Can Burn-Out Too

The study examines the distinct experience of burnout and its antecedents among sixty-two supervisors in public welfare organizations. The results suggest that in contrast to line workers, the supervisors experienced significantly high levels of depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, but only a moderate level of emotional exhaustion. The primary cause for the supervisors' burnout was ambiguous and incompatible organizational policies. In addition, person-role conflict, perceived overload and conflicting expectations from superiors also contributed to the supervisors' burnout. Social support moderated the influence of both role conflict and ambiguity. The study concludes with implications regarding the burnout syndrome and administrators' stress.     

Prevalence of burnout syndrome among Italian volunteers of the Red Cross: a cross-sectional study

Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a work-related constellation of symptoms characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. A cross-sectional survey was performed to study the prevalence of BOS among a randomly selected sample of 280 Italian Red Cross volunteers. A socio-demographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)-HSS were used to collect data. 241 volunteers participated (response rate: 86.1%). A significant proportion of the workers had BOS subscale scores in the highest tertile: emotional exhaustion 8.0%, depersonalization 35.9% and perceived lack of accomplishment 23.5%, respectively. Volunteers in emergency care reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion (p=0.004) and depersonalization (p=0.001), and lower level of personal accomplishment (p=0.042) than volunteers engaged in non-healthcare social and administrative duties. These findings support the opportunity of a set of administrative, organizational and individual preventive interventions for emergency volunteers’ mental health.     

Can skill-development training alleviate burnout in hospital social workers?

Staff development programs, which focus on imparting and improving intervention skills, are acknowledged as an efficient way to reduce burnout, but few studies have examined this effect. The aim of the present study was to detect any difference in the level of social worker's burnout before and after attending two different skill-development groups, namely group-intervention skills for more experienced social workers and general hospital social-work skills for less experienced. Twenty-five hospital social workers participated in the study. The three dimensions of burnout, namely emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, changed between the pre-training and post-training measures: personal accomplishment rose by 12.39% and depersonalization fell by 29.75%. The difference was significant for the two dimensions in both groups. Emotional exhaustion significantly declined in the hospital social-work skills group only, and revealed a group-time effect. The level of peer support rose in the hospital-skills group and was positively related to a lowering of emotional exhaustion. This was an exploratory study, with a rather small sample, and the results are preliminary, but they show a promising possibility of burnout reduction among professional workers. Further research on the effect of skill development training on reducing burnout is needed.     

职业应激对工作疲竭感影响的层次回归分析

目的探讨职业人群中工作疲竭感的影响因素。方法以456名教师与外企员工为研究对象,问卷评估工作疲竭感,同时运用工作要求-自主模式与付出-回报失衡模式问卷评估职业应激程度。运用层次多元回归分析工作疲竭感与个体拓征和职业应激程度之间的关系。结果工作疲竭感3个维度情感耗竭得分为19．70±8．92,人格解体得分为11．95±4．45,个体成就感降低得分为28．10±10．08。职业应激对工作疲竭感的3个维度影响不同。工作要求、工作付出、内在驱动均对情感耗竭呈正向作用,而工作自主性对情感耗竭呈负向作用。人格解体受个体的年龄、性别和受教育程度的明显影响；同时工作自主程度、工作回报及内在驱动影响人格解体得分。个人成就感得分与受教育程度及社会支持关系密切。结论工作疲竭感的预防需要降低职业应激程度,同时关注个体特征。     

制鞋工人职业应激与工作疲竭感的关系

[目的]探讨制鞋工人职业应激与工作疲竭感的关系。[方法]以制鞋业农民工为研究对象,使用职业应激调查问卷、工作疲竭感问卷进行调查,采用Spearman等级相关分析和多元逐步回归法进行分析。[结果]女性情感耗竭和人格解体评分高于男性;低工龄组情感耗竭、人格解体和工作疲竭感评分高于高工龄组;未婚组情感耗竭、个人成就感和工作疲竭感评分高于其他组。职业紧张各因素与工作疲竭感的相关性分析显示,情感耗竭、个人成就感、工作疲竭感与技能、主管支持、同事支持呈负相关;工作疲竭感与决策权呈负相关;人格解体与主管支持呈负相关;情感耗竭、人格解体、工作疲竭感与工作心理需求、外在付出、内在投入呈正相关;个人疲竭感与回报呈负相关。工作疲竭感逐步回归分析显示,贡献因素为付出与回报比、内在投入;负面影响因素为工作自主和社会支持。[结论]职业应激对工作疲竭感具有一定影响,社会应关注农民工生存状况,提高其生活质量,减轻职业应激所导致的工作疲竭感。     

疫情防控常态化背景下疫苗集中接种点医务人员职业倦怠现况调查

目的 本研究调查新冠疫苗全面接种时期相关医务人员的职业倦怠状况,探讨个体因素以及社会支持对倦怠水平的影响。方法 在南京市12个行政区中随机抽取4个辖区的新冠疫苗集中接种点,将全部医务人员共428名作为研究对象进行问卷调查,问卷包括人口学特征、中文版职业倦怠量表和社会支持量表。结果 医务人员情感耗竭、人格解体、个人成就感降低维度得分分别为(17.99±7.89)、(7.20±3.52)和(12.07±5.30)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,上司支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)、同事支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)为情感耗竭的保护因素,已婚、问诊岗位为情感耗竭的危险因素(β=0.161、β=0.095,P值均< 0.05),女性是人格解体的保护因素(β=-0.096,P< 0.05),亲友支持(β=-0.235, P< 0.05)是人格解体的保护因素,已婚是人格解体的危险因素(β=0.142,P< 0.05),同事支持(β=-0.168, P< 0.05)、亲友支持(β=-0.210, P< 0.05)、工龄(β=-0.154, P< 0.05)为个人成就感降低的保护因素,硕士学历是个人成就感降低的危险因素(β=0.126,P < 0.05)。结论 重视提高全方面社会支持,重点关注已婚、男性、硕士学历以及较短工龄医务人员的心理健康。     

Potential correlates of burnout among general practitioners and residents in Hungary: the significant role of gender,age, dependant care and experience

Background

Burnout is increasingly prevalent among general practitioners (GPs) in Hungary, which may lead to functional impairment and, subsequently, to poor quality of patient care. However, little is known about potential predictors of burnout among GPs. The aim of this study was to explore psychosocial correlates of burnout among GPs and residents in Hungary.

Methods

We collected socio-demographic and work-related data with self-administered questionnaires in a cross-sectional study among GPs (N?=?196) and residents (N?=?154). We assessed burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and calculated the mean level of burnout and the proportion of physicians suffering from low, intermediate and high degree of burnout. To identify potential socio-demographic and work-related correlates of burnout among physicians, we determined Spearman’s and Mann-Whitney U correlation coefficients and conducted stepwise linear regression analyses. We deployed Mann-Whitney U test to explore gender disparity in the level of burnout between female and male physicians and between general practitioners and residents.

Results

The prevalence of moderate to high level emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and impaired personal accomplishment was 34.7, 33.5 and 67.8% as well as 41.0, 43.1, and 71.1% among GPs and residents, respectively. Residents reported significantly lower level of personal accomplishment vs GPs. We identified a significantly higher level of depersonalization among male physicians compared to female physicians. Age correlated negatively with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and positively with personal accomplishment among GPs. Dependant care was positively associated with burnout among female GPs. Female residents were more likely to report depersonalization. High workload was positively correlated with depersonalization among female GPs. Younger age emerged as the strongest predictor of emotional exhaustion. Male gender and fewer years of experience predicted depersonalization best, and male gender showed a significant predictive relationship with low personal accomplishment.

Conclusion

We identified specific socio-demographic and work-related correlates of burnout, which may guide the development of specific and effective organizational decisions to attenuate occupational stress and subsequent burnout as well as functional impairment among GPs, and thus, may improve the quality of patient care.

     

Job stress and burnout among Canadian managers and nurses: an empirical examination

This study examined the relationship of job stress with burnout and its three dimensions (emotional exhaustion, lack of accomplishment and depersonalization), job satisfaction, organizational commitment and psychosomatic health problems. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire from Canadian managers (N = 67) and nurses (N = 173). Pearson correlation and moderated multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Job stress was significantly correlated with overall burnout and its three dimensions and job satisfaction in both samples. In the nursing sample, job stress was also significantly correlated with psychosomatic health problems and organizational commitment. Moderated multiple regression only marginally supported the role of gender as a moderator of stress-burnout relationship.     

工作满意度和社会支持与高校教师职业倦怠的关系

目的了解高校教师职业倦怠状况,探讨工作满意度、社会支持与高校教师职业倦怠的关系。方法采用职业倦怠问卷、工作满意度问卷和社会支持评定量表对湖南省衡阳市3所高校的220名教师进行问卷调查。结果高校教师在职业倦怠的情绪衰竭程度上较严重,非人性化程度一般,个人成就感较高。高校教师的工作满意度、社会支持与职业倦怠均呈显著负相关。工作满意度和社会支持水平越高,高校教师职业倦怠程度越低。工作性质、人际关系、自我实现、受教育情况、生活环境、职称、主观支持和教龄8个因素能有效预测高校教师职业倦怠程度。结论工作满意度、社会支持是教师职业倦怠的重要预测变量。     

安徽省淮北市中学教师职业倦怠现状调查

目的了解中学教师职业倦怠的状况,为促进教师的身心健康发展提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取安徽省淮北市4所中学的310名教师,采用教师职业倦怠量表(MBI-ES)进行调查。结果调查对象的情绪衰竭、去个性化和自我成就感3个维度的得分分别为2.53±0.59分、2.04±0.79分和3.12±1.09分。男女教师在情绪衰竭和去个性化2个维度上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。职业中学教师在情绪衰竭和去个性化2个维度上的得分最低,分别为2.23±0.88分和1.86±0.65分,而在自我成就感上的得分最高,为3.40±0.68分,不同学校类型的教师在3个维度上的得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论淮北地区中学教师的职业倦怠整体上并不严重,但有一定比例的教师有倦怠倾向。     

Dietetic technicians report low to moderate levels of burnout

This study identified and described the status of burnout experienced by dietetic technicians (DTRs) in various settings. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 300 members from the American Dietetic Association's (ADA's) Dietetic Technician in Practice practice group. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was used to measure burnout. On the emotional exhaustion subscale, the respondents reported a mean score of 20.6 (high level of burnout >27), 5.3 on the depersonalization subscale (high level of burnout >14), and 38.6 on the personal accomplishment subscale (high level of burnout <30). These results suggest that the DTRs as a group perceive themselves to be moderately emotionally exhausted, to have a low level of depersonalization, and to have a high level of personal accomplishment. Further analysis also suggests that DTRs in nontraditional settings experience more personal accomplishment than those in traditional healthcare and foodservice settings.     

新疆现役消防官兵工作倦怠的现况调查

目的了解消防官兵工作倦怠现状,为制定预防消防官兵工作倦怠策略提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取新疆维吾尔自治区公安消防总队所有正在服役的消防官兵共2 112名作为调查对象,进行工作倦怠问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果 1消防官兵情感耗竭、人格解体和成就感降低的检出率分别是12.38%,26.74%和43.94%。零度、轻度、中度和重度工作倦怠的检出率分别是40.00%、40.26%、16.48%和3.26%。2对不同组别调查对象的情感耗竭、人格解体、成就感降低和工作倦怠得分进行分析,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 1消防官兵轻度、中度倦怠人数较多,应尽早进行健康教育,预防工作倦怠情况加重。2工作倦怠情况较为严重的是低教育程度、低收入、低军衔、军龄小和工作性质为灭火的消防官兵。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市脑力工作者职业倦怠状况调查

目的了解目前脑力工作者的职业倦怠情况,为脑力工作者职业倦怠的防治工作提供依据。方法通过分层整群随机抽样选取新疆乌鲁木齐市脑力作业人员1 200名,采用职业倦怠量表进行问卷调查,然后对其中1 100份有效问卷进行分析。结果 1脑力工作者的情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就感降低3个维度的总检出率分别为17.45%、45.91%和60.91%,轻度、中度和重度倦怠的检出率分别为33.27%、37.91%和8.64%,其中科研人员职业倦怠的检出率、中度和重度职业倦怠的检出率均高于管理人员和专业技术人员;2科研人员在人格解体、个人成就感降低维度上的得分均高于管理人员和专业技术人员;3不同民族在职业倦怠各维度和职业倦怠总得分上均无差异,女性、未婚、低收入及低教育水平者较容易发生职业倦怠;4脑力工作者出现职业倦怠更可能是在工作早期。结论脑力工作者职业倦怠状况较严重,并且以科研人员的职业倦怠情况最为严重,因此应该受到重视。此外,脑力劳动者的职业倦怠情况因人口学特征不同而异。     

Burnout and psychological stress among deans of colleges of medicine: a national study

Psychological burnout may inhibit the ability of deans of colleges of medicine to effectively lead their organizations during periods of rapid change. The objective of this study was measure the prevalence and intensity of the psychological components of burnout and their correlates among deans of U.S. colleges of medicine. To do so, questionnaires that burnout, job stressors, personal support systems and job satisfaction were sent to deans of all U.S. colleges of medicine, and selected deans of nursing schools, and other academic health center leaders. Medical school deans exhibited a high prevalence of depersonalization (42.9% of respondents), emotional exhaustion (25.4%), and reduced personal accomplishment (27.0%). High levels of these subdomains and of overall burnout intensity significantly correlated with high levels of personal, job, and environmental stress; low levels of support or coping resources; high prevalence of physical and behavioral symptoms; and reduced job satisfaction. Deans of colleges of medicine frequently exhibit characteristics of burnout that may impede effective leadership. These characteristics are likely to intensify unless specific interventions are devised and implemented.     

Burnout in day care workers: The effects of learned helplessness and self-esteem

The study focused on the relationships between selected personality factors and burnout in day care workers. The results indicated that caregivers who experienced emotional exhaustion and depersonalization tended toward lower self-esteem and learned helplessness. Burnout did not, however, include a reduced sense of personal accomplishment in this population.     

An investigation of social support and burnout among residential counselors

Maslach and Jackson's (1986) three dimensions of burnout, emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment and depersonalization, were investigated among 78 counselors at a short-term, residential treatment facility for emotionally disturbed children and adolescents. Two waves of data were collected so that possible changes in burnout over time could be assessed. Measures of co-worker support (team cohesion and perceived quality of friendships) were better predictors of burnout than supervisor support. High levels of co-worker support were consistently and positively related to greater personal accomplishment. Levels of personal accomplishment increased and emotional exhaustion decreased as staff accumulated more counseling experience. Women residential counselors experienced higher levels of emotional exhaustion than did their male counterparts. Initial levels of burnout were powerful predictors of later levels of burnout. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings for human services providers are discussed.Thanks are extended to Harry Parad, Jack Wright, and Elaine Sweeney for their assistance in the research project.