完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前正畸治疗的临床研究

目的 观察术前鼻-牙槽突矫治器(PNAM)在完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前矫治中的作用.方法 采用术前鼻-牙槽突矫治器对45例非综合征性完全性唇腭裂患儿(平均年龄为18.33 d)进行唇裂术前正畸治疗,测量治疗前后的鼻小柱倾斜度、鼻小柱长度、鼻孔宽度、鼻孔高度和牙槽骨裂隙宽度,并用SPSS 10.0软件进行统计分析.结果 经PN...     

单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者植骨术后尖牙的牵引助萌

单侧完全性唇腭裂患者常伴有牙槽嵴裂,而裂隙侧的尖牙多发生阻生,即使在适当的年龄做了牙槽嵴植骨术,也常会出现尖牙阻生。本文介绍一例单侧完全性唇腭裂伴牙槽嵴裂患者经过术前扩弓治疗后进行牙槽突裂植骨,植骨术后正畸治疗完成尖牙牵引助萌。     

在婴儿期关闭腭裂间隙

在唇腭裂婴儿3-6周时，对齐牙槽嵴并关闭裂隙，可以使面部对称，获得更好的鼻形态，去除心理创伤和以后治疗带来的不适，减轻唇部瘢痕组织对美观的影响。Kai博士采用口内固定矫治器治疗牙弓裂隙，矫治器为一种螺旋装置，用两个翼将两侧牙槽-嵴连在一起，来矫治单侧或双侧唇腭裂的患儿。     

小切口自体髂骨骨松质修复牙槽嵴裂及口鼻瘘的临床研究

目的：分析小切口自体髂骨骨松质修复牙槽嵴裂的手术方法及影响植骨成功的因素。方法：对同一术者所行牙槽嵴裂植骨术的唇腭裂患者22例进行临床研究，所有患者均有术前及术后6个月以上的完整资料。探讨植骨区X线影像的临床分级与手术年龄、手术类型、裂隙类型类型等的关系。结果：植入骨成活率95.8％，临床成功率为91.7％；（2）18岁以上年龄组、完全性唇腭裂组、双侧唇腭裂组患者植骨的临床成功率相对较低；（3）本组病例均采用小切口，以骨移植用圆筒形取骨器切取髂骨骨松质，局部创伤小，术后疼痛轻。结论：以骨移植用圆筒形取骨器通过小切口自体髂骨骨松质是进行牙槽嵴裂植骨的一种良好方法。（2）良好植骨床的形成和植骨区无张力的严密缝合是保证牙槽嵴裂植骨成功的关键；植骨时机是植骨成功是否的重要因素；（3）牙槽嵴裂的植骨效果与手术年龄、裂隙类型、裂侧类型等有关。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质用于牙槽嵴裂植骨术的效果观察

目的探讨在牙槽嵴裂植骨术中应用脱细胞真皮基质能否提高完全性唇腭裂患者植骨术后效果。方法对63例完全性唇腭裂患者共72侧裂隙以自体髂骨松质骨行牙槽嵴裂植骨术,术中同时应用脱细胞真皮基质。术后至少3个月时按照Bergland标准评价其上颌前部咬合片,统计临床成功型所占的比例,并与按相同手术方法植骨但未应用脱细胞真皮基质的植骨效果进行比较。结果脱细胞真皮基质组的临床成功率为75%,高于对照组(51%)。其中单侧牙槽嵴裂组53侧裂隙的成功率为81%,高于对照组(56%);双侧牙槽嵴裂组19侧裂隙的临床成功率为58%,与对照组(42%)无显著性差异。结论完全性唇腭裂患者在牙槽嵴裂植骨术中应用脱细胞真皮基质可以提高手术效果。     

上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用

目的 探讨上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器在婴儿期双侧完全性唇腭裂术前正畸中的应用价值.方法 对50例双侧唇腭裂患儿,随机分为试验组(n＝30)与对照组(n＝20),试验组于出生10 d～1个月内进行上颌-鼻软骨整形矫治器矫治,对照组均不做术前正畸.两组患儿正畸治疗前(T1)后(T2)对比上唇裂隙、上前牙槽突裂隙关闭程度,对比两组唇腭裂联合整复术后3个月鼻翼外观满意度,作出评价.结果 两组患儿T1、T2两侧上唇裂隙及牙槽突裂隙宽度差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).患儿术后鼻翼外观满意度试验组87%,高于对照组60%(P＜0.05).结论 该治疗有效减少上唇及上颌骨牙槽突的裂隙宽度,改善鼻外观,达到降低手术难度,增加手术效果的目的.     

完全性唇腭裂婴儿的术前矫形治疗

完全性唇腭裂婴儿的术前矫形治疗 ( presurgi-cal treatment) ,简称术前矫治 ,是指在外科修复术前对唇腭裂婴儿进行的一类矫形治疗 ,通过矫治器的作用 ,使上颌骨错位的骨段尽可能排列成对称的牙槽弓形态 ,减小牙槽突裂隙 ,为外科手术提供尽可能接近正常的骨性结构 ,以改善手术条件 ,简化一期手术 ,达到更好的颜面形态、口腔功能的修复。一、历史回顾二、几种主要的矫治器1 .以 Hotz矫治器为代表的 passive plate,即传统型的腭护板。( 1 )作用方式 :通过类似“人工腭顶”的矫治器 ,分离口鼻腔、隔绝舌对裂隙的作用。( 2 )矫治器结构 ;( 3)临…     

鼻牙槽嵴塑形矫治器在单侧完全性唇腭裂腭部畸形矫治中的效果评价

目的 评价鼻牙槽嵴塑形（PNAM）矫治器对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者腭部畸形的矫治效果。方法 研究对象分为3组,每组19例。A、B组均为非综合征单侧完全性唇腭裂患者,A组在唇腭裂手术前先行PNAM矫治,B组术前未行PNAM矫治。C组为3月龄左右鼻唇部及腭部发育正常婴儿。获取A组PNAM矫治前及PNAM矫治后唇裂术前、B组唇裂术前和C组的标准腭部模型正位照片,对模型照片进行测量。采用SPSS 21.0软件进行分析。结果 A组PNAM矫治后与矫治前相比,患者的牙弓宽度（AW）、牙弓周长（AC）、腭部面积（PA）明显增加（P<0.05）,腭部裂隙宽度（CPW）、牙槽突裂隙宽度（CWA）、牙槽突裂隙矢状向距离（CWAS）与水平向距离（CWAH）、前颌突倾斜度（PMD）、裂隙面积（CA）明显减小（P<0.05）;但与C组相比仍有差距（P<0.05）;B组AW、CPW、CA及PA较A组矫治前均明显增加（P<0.05）。多元方差分析表明,3组上颌结节间距离（TW）均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 PNAM矫治是早期有效改善患者腭部原发畸形的非手术治疗手段之一。     

新生儿完全性唇腭裂术前鼻撑和正畸治疗的临床观察

目的 观察新生儿完全性唇腭裂术前鼻撑和正畸治疗的效果。方法对38例完全性唇腭裂，通过模型测量矫治前后牙槽裂距的改变，观察治疗效果；用鼻外形的评价标准对术后患儿进行初步评价。结果经过108—152天的治疗，26例单侧完全性唇腭裂齿槽左右裂隙较矫治前平均缩小5．3mm，前后裂距较矫治前平均缩小3．5mm；鼻外形评价的优良率为76％。12例双侧完全性唇腭裂齿槽左侧裂隙平均缩小4．7mm，右侧裂隙平均缩小4．2mm，左右裂距平均扩大1．6mm，前后裂距平均缩小5．1mm，前牙槽突宽度平均增大1．2mm；鼻外形评价的优良率为66％。结论对完全性唇腭裂患者在新生儿期做术前鼻撑和正畸治疗，患儿易适应，有利鼻发育，可减小手术的难度，提高整复效果。     

术前正畸对完全性唇腭裂牙槽突植骨疗效的影响

目的　探讨牙槽突植骨术前正畸治疗对于完全性唇腭裂牙槽突植骨长期疗效的影响。方法　选择牙弓狭窄、上颌前牙舌倾或扭转 ,可以伴有前牙反 \ ,牙槽突植骨手术不易进行的完全性唇腭裂患者 16例 ,男 9例 ,女 7例。其中单侧完全性唇腭裂 10例 ,双侧完全性唇腭裂 6例 ,共有裂隙 2 2侧 ,患者年龄 8～ 2 2岁。在牙槽突植骨前进行正畸治疗 ,植骨术后定期拍摄上颌体腔片或上颌前部咬合片 ,观察植骨疗效 ,手术后观察期为 0 5～ 4年。牙槽骨高度的评价采用Bergland标准进行。结果　术前正畸 ,特别是通过开展狭窄的上牙弓 ,能够使因存在错畸形而不易进行牙槽突植骨的唇腭裂患者顺利完成手术 ,牙槽突植骨的临床成功率达 86 %。结论　对于上牙弓狭窄 ,错畸形严重的完全性唇腭裂患者 ,应该在植骨手术前进行正畸治疗。     

Unilateral complete cleft lip and palate repair using lip adhesion and passive alveolar molding appliance

To manage a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate, lip adhesion along with the positioning of a passive alveolar molding appliance was performed in infants at 3 to 6 weeks of age. The lip adhesion creates a force acting on the cleft alveolus. There-after, the greater segment of the alveolus is guided by the appliance, while the lesser segment of the alveolus is prevented from collapsing. Definite cheiloplasty was then performed at 5 to 6 months of age and palatoplasty at 12 to 14 months of age. Fifteen patients with a unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were treated using this protocol from April 1995 to October 1998. Nine were female and six were male. The mean follow-up period was 13 months. The lip adhesion failed in one patient and was performed again 1 month later. Thirteen patients developed good or fair symmetrically aligned alveolar segments plus a symmetric platform for the nose. However, two patients developed poor maxillary orthopedics because of the displacement of the appliance by the patient. The resulting lip scar was aesthetically acceptable in most patients.     

完全性唇腭裂患者牙槽突植骨手术前后的正畸治疗

目的对植骨术前后的正畸治疗对象、适应证进行探讨。方法本组２０例唇腭裂患者分别于植骨术前０５～１年采用方丝弓、细丝弓固定矫治器或活动矫治器进行治疗，并根据患者不同情况增加上颌扩弓装置。结果经正畸治疗后，上颌牙齿排列整齐，牙齿扭转得到纠正，牙弓形态正常，裂区两侧倾斜牙齿扶正，为植骨提供了良好的间隙。２０例植骨手术均成功，伤口Ｉ期愈合，骨密度正常。结论牙槽突植骨术前后正畸治疗是唇腭裂序列治疗的重要组成部分，正畸治疗为顺利进行植骨术提供了可靠的保证，也使唇腭裂患者的牙形态及功能得到明显的改善     

Excessive rapid palatal expansion with Latham appliance for distal repositioning of protruded premaxilla in bilateral cleft lip and alveolus.

OBJECTIVE: This article reports a case of bilateral cleft lip and alveolus (BCLA) for which excessive rapid palatal expansion with a Latham appliance was performed for preoperative alignment of the protruded premaxilla. Postoperative changes of maxillary width were investigated with serial plaster casts. PATIENT AND RESULTS: A 3-month-old girl presented with complete BCLA in which the premaxilla was markedly protruded. Preoperative alignment of the protruded premaxilla with a Latham appliance was planned to facilitate primary lip repair. The appliance was placed when the patient was 4.5 months old. The necessary palatal expansion was estimated to be 7.0 mm in order to move the premaxilla backward into the ideal position. After palatal expansion and posterior repositioning of the protruded premaxilla, the primary operation, including cheiloplasty and gingivoperiosteoplasty, was performed when the patient was 7 months old. Excessive maxillary expansion might be a cause of transverse maxillomandibular discrepancy. Measurement with serial plaster casts demonstrated that maxillary widths increased from 42.3 mm pretreatment to 49.0 mm after orthopedic treatment but relapsed markedly to 43.5 mm at 3 months after the primary operation. Therefore, the net change of maxillary widths was only 1.2 mm. After alignment of the protruded premaxilla, tension-free soft tissue repairs were performed, and a harmonious alveolar arch was obtained without change in maxillary width. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that this method is useful for preoperative management of BCLA with protruded premaxilla.     

Long-term effects of lip repair on dentofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: Lateral cephalograms from the growth archive of the Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project were analyzed in a cohort design to study the long-term effects of lip repair on dentofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. METHODS: A total of 71 patients were recruited, including 23 adult patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate without surgical repair and 48 adult patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate who had lip repair, but without management of alveolus or anterior vomer. The design utilized exact matching on ethnicity and statistical control for gender and age. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The data support the hypothesis that lip repair primarily produces a bone-bending effect on the anterior maxillary alveolus (alveolar molding), accompanied by controlled uprighting of maxillary incisors, and secondarily produces a bone-remodeling effect (bone resorption) in the base of the anterior maxillary alveolus. When analyzed by the age at lip repair and the surgeon who performed lip repair, early lip repair produced a greater bone-remodeling effect than did late lip repair, and variation in the surgeon who performed lip repair had an insignificant impact on dentofacial morphology after adjusting for covariates.     

Analysis of midface asymmetry in patients with cleft lip, alveolus and palate at the age of 3 months using 3D-COSMOS measuring system.

INTRODUCTION: Patients suffering from unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate exhibit a varying degree of asymmetry of the midface. Evaluation of this asymmetry can be carried out by means of 3D-CT, or a laser surface scanner. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this paper, 3D-CT-scan data of 21 patients with unilateral clefts of lip, alveolus and palate were analysed using three-dimensional models. Evaluations of the 3D-models were carried out with the computer-aided 3D-operation simulator 3D-Cosmos. RESULTS: Asymmetry was found in the orbital, nasal and maxillary regions. The infraorbital rims were displaced craniocaudally and horizontally as well as laterally of the cleft-sided piriform aperture. This asymmetry corresponded to a dislocation of the maxillary segment on the cleft side. A deficit in volume was not reliably found.     

双侧先天性唇腭裂前颌骨矫正的临床研究

目的研究前颌骨矫正的临床意义。方法用口内固定矫治器,排齐双侧唇腭裂紊乱的上颌牙弓,减少裂隙宽度,内收前突的前颌骨。应用Ｌｉｓｓｏｎ分析方法研究矫治结果。结果治疗后前突的前颌骨与侧方腭弓之间的距离明显减少,偏斜的前颌骨回到正中,紊乱的侧方腭弓排列到接近正常的位置。结论双侧唇腭裂患者进行术前快速矫正是一种有效的方法。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术前正畸及手术前后的上腭裂隙变化

目的 探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术前正畸及手术前后的上腭裂隙变化.方法 对18例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿先用上颌腭托矫治器(PNAM)术前正畸治疗后,再进行唇裂修补手术.采用模型测量方法,比较患儿初诊时、手术前1个月和手术后2个月时的上腭裂隙变化.结果 治疗后患儿唇部外形明显改善,腭部裂隙减小,患侧塌陷的鼻翼穹隆高度恢复.结...     

生长发育期唇腭裂患者的序列正畸治疗

唇腭裂是口腔颜面部最常见的先天性发育畸形,这类患者常伴随严重的错牙合畸形。正畸治疗是唇腭裂序列治疗的重要组成部分,贯穿于唇腭裂患者生长发育期的各个阶段。婴儿期鼻齿槽塑形术可重塑鼻、齿槽形态,为手术创造条件;替牙期是唇腭裂正畸治疗的关键时期,通过适时的植骨术前正畸治疗、扩弓和前方牵引等治疗,可以为尖牙的萌出创造条件,有效改善咬合及美观。     

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唇腭裂是口腔颜面部最常见的先天性发育畸形,这类患者常伴随严重的错牙合畸形。正畸治疗是唇腭裂序列治疗的重要组成部分,贯穿于唇腭裂患者生长发育期的各个阶段。婴儿期鼻齿槽塑形术可重塑鼻、齿槽形态,为手术创造条件;替牙期是唇腭裂正畸治疗的关键时期,通过适时的植骨术前正畸治疗、扩弓和前方牵引等治疗,可以为尖牙的萌出创造条件,有效改善咬合及美观。     

单侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿上颌牙槽形态的三维测量分析

目的 研究非综合征型单侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿上颌牙槽的三维形态特征,并验证三维测量方法的可靠性及可重复性。方法 筛选60名单侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿,通过iTero口内扫描仪对其初始上颌石膏模型进行扫描,由同一研究员使用Mimics软件对上颌牙槽的25个测量项目进行共两次三维测量,对两次的测量结果进行Bland-Altman一致性检验;并依据上颌牙槽的形态将样本分为G1、G2、G3三组,通过两两比较研究不同分组上颌牙槽的形态差异。结果 所有测量值的结果均符合正态分布,且两次测量结果具有较好的一致性。单侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿健侧的前段牙槽长度以及前后段牙槽的旋转角均明显大于对侧的前后段牙槽;G1及G2组健侧前段牙槽长度明显长于G3组,G1组牙槽裂隙宽度、牙弓中段的裂隙宽度、尖牙水平的牙弓宽度和健侧前段牙槽的旋转角都明显小于G2、G3组。结论 本研究统计了非综合征型单侧完全性唇腭裂新生儿上颌牙槽的平均尺寸,前段牙槽的发育不足和健侧前段牙槽的外旋程度共同决定了单侧唇腭裂牙槽裂隙的严重程度。