Solitary pulmonary metastasis from melanoma

Malignant melanoma often presents with multiple-organ involvement. Pulmonary metastases are present in more than 50 percent of patients with a diagnosis of melanoma at autopsy. Metastases to the lung may be solitary or multiple. Computed tomographic scanning is the most sensitive radiologic method for detecting these pulmonary lesions.     

Solitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma presenting as diffuse pancreatic enlargement

Late metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the pancreas is uncommon. Diffuse pancreatic metastasis of any carcinoma rarely causes global enlargement of the pancreas. We present the case of a 73-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic RCC of the pancreas 9 years after radical nephrectomy had been performed and describe our radiologic findings. The disease involved the entire pancreas, which was hypoechoic on sonography, hypodense on CT without contrast enhancement, and markedly hyperdense after intravenous administration of a contrast agent. Color Doppler sonography showed that the involved areas of the pancreas had increased color flow signals, indicating that the metastatic tumor was characteristically hypervascular. In patients with a history of RCC, color or power Doppler sonographic demonstration of diffuse enlargement of the pancreas with evidence of hypervascularity may indicate metastasis of RCC to the pancreas.     

Isolated liver metastasis detected 11 years after the curative resection of rectal cancer: A case report

BACKGROUNDThe duration of surveillance after curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is generally 5 years. The overall incidence of recurrence more than 5 years after surgery for CRC in Japan has been reported to be 0.6%. Moreover, it is rare for CRC to have metachronous liver metastasis more than 10 years after surgery. Here, we present a case of liver metastasis detected 11 years after the curative resection of rectal cancer.CASE SUMMARYA 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital after a liver tumor was detected by abdominal ultrasonography at another hospital. He had undergone surgery for rectal cancer 11 years previously. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a tumor with a diameter of approximately 8 cm in the posterior segment, which was weakly and gradually enhanced. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT showed an abnormally high uptake on the tumorous lesion, which showed that the tumor appeared to spread convexly along the intrahepatic bile ducts. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was therefore diagnosed, and he had an extended right posterior sectionectomy and regional lymph node dissection. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor was a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and showed the same pathological characteristics as the rectal cancer. Immunohistological examination showed that the cancer cells of both the liver tumor and rectal cancer were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 20 and weakly positive for CK 7. These findings were consistent with the liver metastasis from the rectal cancer.CONCLUSIONIt is possible that a liver tumor is metastatic in a patient with a previous history of CRC, even if it was more than 10 years earlier.     

应用紫杉醇脂质体治疗非小细胞肺癌术后淋巴结转移的临床观察

目的 评价非小细胞肺癌术后淋巴结转移应用紫杉醇脂质体与传统紫杉醇化疗的临床近期疗效和不良反应的差别.方法 将68例非小细胞肺癌术后发现淋巴结转移的患者分成两组:试验组37例,对照组31例.试验组应用紫杉醇脂质体(135 mg/m2)进行化疗,对照组应用传统紫杉醇(135 mg/m2)进行化疗.两组每周期均联合应用卡铂化疗,剂量为300 mg/m2,每3周为1周期.结果 68例患者均可评价疗效,试验组完全缓解(CR)5例(13.5％),部分缓解(PR) 13例(35.2％),总有效率48.7％.对照组CR 1例(3.2％),PR 6例(19.4％),总有效率29.0％,试验组疗效优于对照组(P＜0.05).主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、脱发、肌肉关节酸痛、消化道症状等,无严重过敏反应,试验组过敏反应、恶心、呕吐、肌肉关节痛的发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 对于肺癌术后淋巴结转移患者,紫杉醇脂质体有效率较传统紫杉醇药物高,而且紫杉醇脂质体出现毒副反应者明显减少,药物耐受性高.     

国内20年肺泡蛋白沉积症误诊原因汇总分析

目的 汇总分析20年来国内报道的肺泡蛋白沉积症(PAP)的临床特点、影像学特点、确诊方法、误诊情况、治疗及预后,为临床医师快速准确地诊断本病提供重要线索.方法 回顾性分析1988～2008年国内有关肺泡蛋白沉积症的文献资料,总结126例肺泡蛋白沉积症误诊患者的临床资料.结果 126患者误诊为肺炎19例,肺癌24例,支气管肺炎18例,特发性肺间质纤维化(IPF)19例,肺结核15例,嗜酸性肺炎10例,结节病9例,真菌肺炎7例,上呼吸道感染5例.肺泡蛋白沉积症患者的临床表现缺乏特异性,而影像学表现又呈多样性,临床易误诊,确诊有赖于肺泡灌洗液、肺活检以及病理学检查.结论 肺泡蛋白沉积症临床表现缺乏特异性,极易导致误诊;全肺灌洗是肺泡蛋白沉积症最安全和有效的治疗方法.     

胸腔镜下手辅助双侧肺肿物切除术的手术配合

胸腔镜下手辅助双侧肺肿物切除术为胸外科的一项全新的外科技术,笔者报道对18例胸腔镜下手辅助双侧肺肿物切除术的手术配合,介绍手术方法、术前准备、术中配合及体会,在常规手术配合基础上加强新技术的配合,缩短手术时间,重视腔镜的清洗和保养。     

直肠癌术后下颌骨转移1例

患者男,70岁,发现左侧下颌区结节10个月,近5个月呈进行性增大;8年前因直肠下段黏液腺癌接受经腹腹腔镜肿瘤根治术,术后分期T2N1M0 ,接受6个周期化学治疗;1年前出现下唇左侧麻木,外院按照"神经痛"予以对症处理,疗效欠佳.     

Unilateral pulmonary metastasis in a patient with osteogenic sarcoma surviving longer than 13 years after leg amputation

A case of osteogenic sarcoma of the left fibula in a patient surviving longer than 13 years after amputation and developing an unusual pattern of late metastasis, including a unilateral pulmonary mass, is presented. Autopsy revealed unilateral pulmonary metastasis with extensive old, "burned-out" areas, in contrast to extrapulmonary metastatic deposits composed exclusively of fresh tumor tissue, suggesting secondary development of extrapulmonary metastases from the pulmonary lesion. In addition to the possibility of metastatic disease even after post-therapeutic survival of more than 10 years, unusual manifestation of late metastasis is discussed in the light of a review of the literature.     

应用达芬奇机器人切除原发性腹膜后巨大肿瘤的临床研究

目的探讨达芬奇机器人腹膜后巨大肿瘤切除术的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析该院5例腹膜后巨大肿瘤行达芬奇机器人手术切除的临床资料,探讨手术技巧,分析并发症与疗效。结果 5例腹膜后巨大肿瘤患者均成功实施达芬奇机器人辅助肿瘤切除术,术后恢复良好,无严重并发症。随访6～33个月,4例无肿瘤复发;1例腹膜后淋巴瘤患者,残余瘤体经化疗后明显缩小。结论达芬奇机器人能安全地完成复杂的腹膜后巨大肿瘤手术,术后并发症少,疗效满意。在熟练掌握机器人操作后,经腹和腹膜后途径均能很好完成手术。     

直肠癌根治术后肝转移的危险因素分析

目的分析影响直肠癌根治术后肝转移的危险因素。方法对本院2005年9月至2010年8月收治的97例患者进行回顾分析,分析肝转移发生的相关危险因素。结果比较未发生肝转移与发生肝转移患者的一般临床特征,发现年龄、血型、肝功能指标、肿瘤分化程度及肿瘤大小等差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而两组浸润深度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肝转移患者浸润深度较深,显示出该因素易引发术后肝转移。对出现肝转移患者的临床指征进行单因素回归分析,可见除淋巴结转移外(P<0.05),Dukes分期、血管神经侵犯等均非影响直肠癌根治术后肝转移的独立危险因素(P>0.05)。结论淋巴结转移情况及浸润深度是影响直肠癌根治术后肝转移的主要因素,出现淋巴结转移、肿瘤侵袭深度增加,则术后肝转移发生率上升。     

胸部肿瘤切除术后低氧血症的原因分析及护理

目的 分析胸部肿瘤切除术后低氧血症的原因,探讨相应的护理对策。方法 将536例进行胸部肿瘤切除的病人按术式分成食管癌根治术组、单肺叶切除组、双肺叶和全肺切除组,分别于术前、术后的第1、2、3、7天进行血气分析,比较各组病人各天的血氧分压情况,分析其术式与术后并发症的发生率情况。结果 三组病人术前的肺通气功能和动脉血氧分压无明显差异,但术后均有不同程度的低氧血症,尤以术后第2天表现明显。术后并发症最常见的为心律失常和呼吸困难,其中食管癌根治术组并发症发生率明显高于单肺叶切除组。结论 胸部肿瘤切除术后低氧血症的发生是不可避免的,其发生原因与术式、手术时间及术后病人不能及时清理道分泌物等因素有关,提出加强围手术期病人的健康教育,指导和协助病人进行正确有效的咳嗽排痰,结合合理的氧疗,有效的镇痛等护理对策,可有效防止低氧血症的发展,防止其他并发症的发生。     

4例原发性气管肿瘤切除病人的围术期护理

原发性气管肿瘤相对于呼吸道其他部位的肿瘤如肺癌发病率低.成人原发性气管肿瘤多为恶性,而儿童多为良性.成人气管原发性恶性肿瘤占上呼吸道肿瘤的2％[1],病死率高,主要症状是阻碍通气所产生的呼吸系统症状:刺激性干咳、咳血、吸气性呼吸困难等,当腔内梗阻达1/2～2/3时,才产生严重通气功能障碍,严重威胁病人生命,根治性切除与气管重建是治疗气管肿瘤的最好方法.我科于2007年1月—2010年6月收治4例气管肿瘤病人,经手术治疗后恢复良好.现将护理体会总结如下.