多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的临床应用

冠心病是一种常见病、多发病,近几年来我国发病率呈上升趋势.早期发现、合理饮食和积极的药物治疗对本病预后具有重要意义.目前,各种影像检查手段,如DSA、CT、MRI及冠状动脉内超声(ICUS)都可用于冠心病的临床检查.插管法冠状动脉造影是诊断冠状动脉病变的金标准,但有一定的死亡率(0.15%)和并发症(1.5%),检查费用高,病人需要住院.     

多层螺旋CT在冠脉成像中的应用

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影（multi-slice spiral CT coronary angiography MSCTCA）是近年来出现的一项影像新技术，本文综述了近年来多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的检查方法和临床应用研究进展。MSCT冠状动脉造影可以作为冠状动脉患者筛选、冠心病诊断及治疗效果随访观察的重要手段。     

256层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影对比分析

目的 探讨256层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像(CTA)在冠心病诊断中的价值并与冠状动脉造影(ICA)结果比较.资料与方法 回顾性分析93例临床疑似和诊断为冠心病患者的影像资料,行256层螺旋CTA和常规ICA.管腔狭窄程度≥50％作为明显狭窄的诊断结果,检查结果与常规ICA结果对比分析,共分析了93例患者的372支血管共1349个可评估血管节段,ICA共发现215处狭窄.采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评价CTA相对于ICA诊断的准确性.结果 基于患者分析中,CTA对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的AUC为0.767(95％可信区间为0.578～0.956),敏感性为98.8％,特异性为54.5％,阳性预测值(PPV)为94.2％,阴性预测值(NPV)为85.7％;基于血管分析中,CTA对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的AUC为0.921(95％可信区间为0.888 ～0.954),敏感性为93.4％,特异性为90.8％,PPV为83.1％,NPV为96.6％;基于血管节段分析中,CTA对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的AUC为0.948(95％可信区间为0.927～0.969),敏感性为93.0％,特异性为96.6％,PPV为83.7％,NPV为98.6％.CTA对心率＞70次/min和心率≤70次/min患者的冠状动脉狭窄诊断的AUC分别为0.951(95％可信区间为0.929 ～ 0.974)和0.964(95％可信区间为0.927 ～1.000).结论 256层螺旋CTA作为无创的检查对血管狭窄诊断的敏感性高,有较高的预测价值;检查受心率影响较小,无需控制心率,可以作为冠心病患者早期筛查的可靠方法.     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用

目的：探讨冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像的临床应用价值。资料与方法：18例冠状动脉进行多层螺旋CT血管造影，利用多种重建方法进行重建，分析冠状动脉成像的质量及其显示率，以及冠状动脉疾病的影像特点。结果：图象优良率：优27．8％（5／18），良55．6％（10／18），差16．7％（3／18），优良率为83．3％；冠状动脉分段显示率为：右冠状动脉近段100％（18／18）、中段72．2％（13／18）、远段66．7％（12／18）；左冠状动脉前降支近中段100％（18／18）、远段72．7％（13／18）左回旋支近段100％（18／18）、远段55．6％（10／18）。发现冠状动脉管壁欠光滑9例、钙化4例、管腔充盈缺损2例，冠状动脉变异2例，冠状动脉心肌桥1例。结论：冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像可以作为冠心病的一种筛选手段。     

输尿管疾病30例多层螺旋CT尿路造影分析

近年来,随着影像学技术的快速发展,多层螺旋CT已越来越多地应用于临床诊断。较之B超、腹部平片、静脉肾盂造影、逆行造影及常规CT等传统诊断方法,多层螺旋CT具有容积扫描和图像后处理等优势。     

无创性多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的临床应用与发展趋势

促进冠心病（coronary artery discase,CAD）有效治疗方法进展的最初诊断工具是创伤性冠状动脉造影。然而,这种创伤性检查在少数情况下会产生潜在的,可危及患生命安全的并发症。40%以上的创伤性冠状动脉造影只是用来排除冠心病,而不需要进一步的介入或外科治疗。有关无创性冠状动脉造影的研究最初是建立在MRI,     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像

导管法冠状动脉血管造影自应用于临床以来一直是诊断冠状动脉疾病的金标准，但其检查费用高，而且有一定的危险性，报道其病死率为0.15％，并发症率为1．5％。磁共振血管造影(magnetic resonance angiography，MRA)仅在发现冠状动脉近段5cm的病变中具有较高的敏感性和特异性，在中远节段仍不足以做出肯定诊断。多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral computed tomography，MSCT)不仅能准确发现、量化冠状动脉的钙化斑块，而且能发现导致急性冠状动脉综合征的软斑块。     

冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像与常规冠脉造影对照研究

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT用于诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的价值。资料与方法：对230例临床可疑冠心病患者进行16层螺旋CT心电门控平扫及增强扫描。用平扫图像行钙化积分测定，用增强图像行二维及三维重建，其中40例患者有常规冠状动脉造影作对照。以常规造影为“金标准”，得出16层螺旋CT冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)诊断各类冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果：16层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA用于诊断冠状动脉轻度狭窄的敏感性为95.2％，特异性为90.2％；诊断中度以上狭窄的敏感性为100％，特异性为97.3％。结论：16层螺旋CT冠状动脉CTA是一种无创、简便、优良的冠状动脉成像方法，高质量的CTA图像可作为一种诊断冠心病的可靠手段用于临床。     

多层螺旋CT门静脉造影的临床应用

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT门静脉造影(MSCTP) 的成像方法及其临床应用价值.材料和方法:110例临床推荐行腹部增强扫描的患者.运用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)两种后处理成像方法,10例增加曲面重建(CPR).结果:MSCTP能很好显示肝静脉和门静脉系统的全貌及其与病变之间的空间解剖关系,直观地评价门静脉的位置、轮廓、有无门静脉受侵或癌栓形成, 了解门静脉高压侧支循环的分布范围和程度.结论:MSCTP是肝静脉和门静脉无创性检查的可靠方法, 有较高的临床应用价值.VR比MIP重建的血管图像更优.     

MSCT冠状动脉造影的临床应用

目的: 评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)冠状动脉造影效果及其诊断冠状动脉狭窄的价值.材料和方法:65例临床疑诊冠心病患者作MSCT扫描,所有数据获得在一次屏气中完成.利用心电门控技术,将所得原始图像进行重建,分别对左主干(LMA)、左前降支(LAD)、回旋支(LCA)和右冠状动脉(RCA)及其分支的重建图像进行影像学评价;其中45例同时作常规冠状动脉造影(CAG),以造影结果为金指标,将两种方法所得结果进行对比,了解MSCT冠状动脉造影诊断冠脉狭窄的敏感性和特异性.结果:MSCT冠脉钙化积分诊断冠心病的敏感性79.6%,特异性84.9%;65例共260支血管经MSCT成像,228支(87.7%)可用于影像学评价;各节段冠状动脉重建图像,左主干和前降支近中段显示率最高;CAG发现狭窄49支, MSCT发现狭窄44支.MSCT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性83.7%,特异性97.7%.结论: 在控制心率的情况下,MSCT冠状动脉造影可作为诊断冠状动脉狭窄的一种无创筛选检查方法.     

Coronary Vasospastic Angina: Assessment by Multidetector CT Coronary Angiography

Objective

We aimed to describe the imaging findings of multidetector CT coronary angiography (MDCTA) in cases of vasospastic angina (VA) and to determine the accuracy of MDCTA in the identification of VA as compared with invasive coronary angiography with an ergonovine provocation test (CAG with an EG test).

Materials and Methods

Fifty-three patients with clinically suspected VA were enrolled in this study. Two radiologists analyzed the stenosis degree, presence or absence of plaque, plaque composition, and a remodeling index of the related-segment in CAG with an EG test, which were used as a gold standard. We evaluated the diagnostic performances of MDCTA by comparing the MDCTA findings with those of CAG with an EG test.

Results

Among the 25 patients with positive CAG with an EG test, all 12 patients with significant stenosis showed no definite plaque with the negative arterial remodeling. Of the six patients with insignificant stenosis, three (50%) had non-calcified plaque (NCP), two (33%) had mixed plaque, and one (17%) had calcified plaque. When the criteria for significant stenosis with negative remodeling but no definite evidence of plaque as a characteristic finding of MDCTA were used, results showed sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of 48%, 100%, 100%, and 68%, respectively.

Conclusion

Significant stenosis with negative remodeling, but no definite evidence of plaque, is the characteristic finding on MDCTA of VA. Cardiac MDCTA shows good diagnostic performance with high specificity and PPV as compared with CAG with an EG test.     

常规冠状动脉造影与冠状动脉CT成像结果 存在差异的原因

目的 分析常规冠状动脉造影(CAG)与冠状动脉CT成像结果 存在差异的原因.资料与方法 152例患者行冠状动脉CT成像,并与CAG的结果 作对照分析.结果 共有32个冠状动脉分支的诊断结果 存在差异.差异由CAG引起的包括:投照位置(3个分支)、管壁病变(6个分支)、复杂病变(3个分支).由MSCT造成的包括:运动伪影(8个分支)、严重钙化(12个分支).结论 CAG只能观察动脉的管腔,无法评价血管壁的病理结构.CAG的二维图像常不能适当地评价偏心型病变和复杂病变的严重程度.而在心率过快、心律不齐和血管严重钙化的患者中,MSCT的结果 值得怀疑.MSCT和CAG互为补充可提高冠状动脉疾病诊断的准确率.     

护理干预在冠状动脉CT造影中的应用研究

目的:探究护理干预在冠状动脉CT造影患者中的临床应用及影响。方法:选取2016年6月-2017年6月于我院行冠状动脉CT造影的患者84例,将患者随机分为对照组及干预组,各42例。对照组检查期间行常规化护理,干预组在常规化护理基础上进行护理干预。对两组患者造影前后的血压、心率及检查后并发症发生情况、护理满意度进行比较和评价。结果:冠状动脉造影前后20min时干预组的血压及心率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);干预组患者造影后心律失常、心绞痛及腰部不适发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);干预组患者护理满意度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组冠状动脉图像质量优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:对行冠状动脉CT造影的患者行有效的护理干预措施是帮助其检查成功的重要保障,不仅有效降低病人血压及心率,减少术后并发症的发生,提高CT冠状动脉成像质量,还可提高病人的护理满意度。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断髂及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断髂及下肢血管闭塞性病变的价值。材料和方法:185例怀疑髂总动脉及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影检查。其中大动脉炎6例,外伤4例和动脉粥样硬化175例。采用16层螺旋CT,层厚1.25mm,重建间隔1mm。100mL非离子造影剂(300mgI/mL)以4mL/s的速度经手背静脉或肘静脉注入,注射开始后25~30S进行扫描。在工作站获得多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)图像,并应用血管分析软件测量血管狭窄程度。结果:128例CTA可显示髂及下肢动脉狭窄/闭塞。有7例患者行血管内支架治疗;26例行人工血管架桥或大隐静脉植入手术,31例患者同时进行了MSCTA和DSA检查。MSCTA对腘动脉以上和腘动脉以下狭窄和闭塞显示与DSA一致性好。结论:多层面螺旋CT是下肢血管病变的术前评价和术后复查非常有用的影像手段,可以替代有创的诊断性血管造影检查。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影初探

目的:探索不同心率下16层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的重建技术及效果.材料和方法:40例疑诊冠状动脉疾患者采用东芝Aquilion16层机行冠状动脉造影,扫描层厚1mm,HP3.2～4.0,非离子型碘剂70～100ml,注射速率2.5～3.5ml/s,延迟22～25s,原始数据用Half和Segement两种方法重建,在VitrealII图形工作站上完成容积显示(VR)、多平面重建(MPR)、仿真内镜、血管分析等后处理.结果:心率50～70次/min组冠状动脉显示最佳图像为Half重建的80%R-R间期,心率70次/min以上组冠状动脉显示最佳图像为Segment重建的50%R-R间期.16层CT血管造影显示冠状动脉较好,其中左前降支最佳.结论:合适的重建方法和重建间期可以帮助16层CT冠状动脉造影获得满意的冠状动脉图像.     

Diagnostic Value of 64-Slice Dual-Source CT Coronary Angiography in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Comparison with Invasive Coronary Angiography

Objective

We wanted to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic value of 64-slice dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) coronary angiography in patients with atrial fibrillation (Afib).

Materials and Methods

The coronary arteries of 22 Afib patients seen on DSCT were classified into 15 segments and the imaging quality (excellent, good, moderate and poor) and significant stenoses (≥ 50%) were evaluated by two radiologists who were blinded to the conventional coronary angiography (CAG) results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting important coronary artery stenosis were calculated. McNemar test was used to determine any significant difference between DSCT and CAG, and Cohen''s Kappa statistics were calculated for the intermodality and interobserver agreement.

Results

The mean heart rate was 89 ± 8.3 bpm (range: 80-118 bpm). A range from 250 msec to 300 msec within the RR interval was the optimal reconstruction interval for the patients with Afib. The respective overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV values were 74%, 97%, 81% and 96% for reader 1 and 72%, 98%, 85% and 96% for reader 2. No significant difference between DSCT and CAG was found for detecting a significant stenosis (reader 1, p = 1.0; reader 2, p = 0.727). Cohen''s Kappa statistics demonstrated good intermodality and interobserver agreement.

Conclusion

64-slice DSCT coronary angiography provides good image quality in patients with atrial fibrillation without the need for controlling the heart rate. DSCT can be used for ruling out significant stenosis in patients with atrial fibrillation with its high NPV for detecting in important stenosis.     

Myocardial Bridging of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery: Depiction Rate and Morphologic Features by Dual-Source CT Coronary Angiography

Objective

To evaluate the depiction rate and morphologic features of myocardial bridging (MB) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) using dual-source CT (DSCT).

Materials and Methods

CT scans from a total of 1,353 patients who underwent DSCT were reviewed retrospectively for LAD-MB. Seventy-eight patients were excluded due to poor image quality or poor enhancement of the coronary artery. The length and depth of the MB were analyzed and classified as superficial or deep with respect to the depth (≤ 1 or > 1 mm) of the LAD tunneled segment. Superficial MB was subdivided into complete or incomplete types according to full or partial encasement of the myocardium.

Results

Of the 1,275 patients included in this study, 557 cases of MB were found from 536 patients (42%). Superficial MB was observed in 368 of 557 (66%) cases, and deep MB was seen in 189 of 557 (34%) cases. Superficial MB showed 2 types: complete (128 of 368, 35%) and incomplete (240 of 368, 65%). The mean length of a tunneled segment for superficial MB was 16.4 ± 8.6 mm. The mean length and depth of a tunneled segment for deep MB were 27.6 ± 12.8 mm and 3.0 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. The incidence of atherosclerotic plaques in a 2-cm-long segment proximal to MB was 16%.

Conclusion

The depiction rate of LAD-MB using DSCT in a large series of patients was 42%, with two-thirds of MB segments being the superficial type.