新型镇痛药——金丝桃甙(Hyp)的实验研究

Hyp 在小鼠扭体、小鼠甩尾、大鼠动脉注射 Bra 等实验中证明有明显的镇痛作用。其作用的效能与 Mor 类似。效价强度约为 Mor 的1/25,较 ASP 强8倍左右。其抑制小鼠扭体反应的 ED_(50)的18±5mg/kg。兔角膜反射和离体蛙坐骨神经标本、     

M2受体对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响

目的研究选择性M2受体阻断剂(MET)对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响和M2受体在功能性拮抗中的作用.方法将自手术病人所得的离体支气管段随机分若干组(n=8),用电生理的方法测得不同浓度乙酰胆碱(ACh,1、10、100μmol/L)对人离体支气管平滑肌的收缩作用和对β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素药理效应的功能性拮抗.相同方法和条件下,用选择性M2受体阻断剂MET(0.1～1.0μmol/L)或/和选择性和选择性M3受体阻断剂4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)预处理人离体支气管后,观察实验结果.结果不同剂量ACh使得异丙肾上腺素量-效曲线右移.ACh 100μmol/L时,异丙肾上腺素效能强度下降33倍(-logEC50=-1.49±0.16),Emax下降30%.MET阻断上述胆碱能功能拮抗现象,对组织胺引起的没有作用.另外,在人离体支气管平滑肌M3受体被4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)完全乙酰化的情况下,MET同样阻断ACh对异丙肾上腺素效应的功能拮抗作用.结论M2受体的激活可间接引起人支气管平滑肌的收缩,降低β受体效应,产生胆碱能功能性拮抗现象.     

外源性八肽胆囊收缩素对吗啡所致SH-SY5Y和PC12细胞毒的保护作用

目的 观察外源性八肽胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin octapeptide,CCK-8)对吗啡处理SH-SY5Y及PC12细胞毒性作用的影响.方法 应用二甲基噻唑二苯基四噻唑盐[3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazo (-2-yl)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide,MTT]法观察吗啡对SH-SY5Y及PC12细胞毒性作用的剂量和时间依赖关系,并且观测外源性CCK-8对吗啡细胞毒性作用的影响.结果 吗啡在100~10 000μmol/L浓度范围内显著降低SH-SY5Y和PC12细胞的生存率,半数抑制率分别为2 520μmol/L和680μmol/L;上述作用在孵育48h明显,随时间延长逐渐增强;CCK-8(10-6和10-8mol/L)可明显抑制3 000μmol/L吗啡作用48h后SH-SY5Y细胞生存率的下降,CCK-8(10-6、10-8和10-10mol/L)可明显抑制1 000μmol/L吗啡作用48h后PC12细胞生存率的下降;3 000μmol/L和1 000μmol/L 吗啡分别处理SH-SY5Y细胞和PC12细胞48h后,可见细胞胞体变圆,突触变短或消失,失去原有的细胞形态.CCK-8(10-6和10-8mol/L)可明显改善吗啡作用后SH-SY5Y和PC12细胞的形态改变.结论 外源性CCK-8可浓度依赖地对抗吗啡产生的细胞毒性作用.     

甲氟哌啶抗实验性心律失常的研究

口服甲氟哌啶25mg/kg,静脉注射甲氟哌啶15mg/kg,对恒速静脉注射哇巴因引起的豚鼠心律失常有对抗作用,口服甲氟哌啶50mg/kg能对抗氯化钙-乙酰胆碱引起的小鼠心律失常,并给缩短其心律失常持续时间,对抗此种心律失常的ED_(50)为5.64mg/kg,小鼠静脉注射甲氟哌啶的LD_(50)为35mg/kg。     

M2受体对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响

目的研究选择性M2受体阻断剂(MET)对人支气管平滑肌功能性拮抗的影响和M2受体在功能性拮抗中的作用.方法将自手术病人所得的离体支气管段随机分若干组(n=8),用电生理的方法测得不同浓度乙酰胆碱(ACh,1、10、100μmol/L)对人离体支气管平滑肌的收缩作用和对β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素药理效应的功能性拮抗.相同方法和条件下,用选择性M2受体阻断剂MET(0.1～1.0μmol/L)或/和选择性和选择性M3受体阻断剂4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)预处理人离体支气管后,观察实验结果.结果不同剂量ACh使得异丙肾上腺素量-效曲线右移.ACh 100μmol/L时,异丙肾上腺素效能强度下降33倍(-logEC50=-1.49±0.16),Emax下降30%.MET阻断上述胆碱能功能拮抗现象,对组织胺引起的没有作用.另外,在人离体支气管平滑肌M3受体被4-DAMP mustard(30 nmol/L)完全乙酰化的情况下,MET同样阻断ACh对异丙肾上腺素效应的功能拮抗作用.结论M2受体的激活可间接引起人支气管平滑肌的收缩,降低β受体效应,产生胆碱能功能性拮抗现象.     

五种原小檗碱型化合物对实验性耐缺氧及心律失常的作用

本文实验结果表明:(1)palmatine chloride(PC)、jatrorrhizinechloride(JC)25.6mg/kg I.P.对小鼠常压耐缺氧无保护作用,而同等剂量的13-methyl palmatine iodide(MPI)、berberine chloride(BC)、13-methyl berberineiodide(MBI)具有明显的保护作用。(2)BC、MBI、JC对氯仿引起的小鼠心室纤颤具有明显的保护作用,其ED_(50)±S.E.分别为14.91±0.104、16.46±0.059、15.84±0.122mg/kg,而PC、MPI则无作用。(3)静脉注射15mg/kg BC对乌头碱引起大鼠室纤具有明显保护作用,但对哇巴因引起的室性心律失常无明显保护作用。此外,讨论了该类药物结构与活性的关系。     

3—乙酰乌头碱的半合成及其镇痛作用

以乌头碱为原料半合成3—乙酰乌头碱,其对小鼠镇痛效果较吗啡、高乌甲素强;经实验结果证明化学结构及药理作用与天然产物一致。用热板法及0.7％醋酸扭体法(SC)测得其镇痛ED_(50)分别为0.0766mg/kg和0.162mg/kg,LD_(50)为0.77±0.0317mg/kg。     

吗啡和哌替啶对小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞P-糖蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察临床浓度的吗啡和哌替啶对小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞P-糖蛋白(P-gP)表达的影响,以及NF-κB信号通路在吗啡诱导P-gp表达中的作用.方法 采用小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,以1μg/ml吗啡或哌替啶刺激24h,5μmol/L NF-κB抑制剂PDTC预先孵育1 h,然后收集细胞,行Western blotting分析P-gp表达.结果 1μg/ml吗啡处理24 h,可引起小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞P-gP表达上调,上调幅度约300%;但是同样剂量和作用时间的哌替啶不影响小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞P-gp表达.PDTC可抑制吗啡诱导小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞P-gp表达上调.结论 吗啡可诱导小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞内源性P-gp表达上调,NF-κB信号通路参与了吗啡诱导P-gp表达的调控过程.     

黄芩苷通过抑制小胶质细胞活化缓解吗啡耐受

探讨黄芩苷对小胶质细胞活化和慢性耐受的影响并考察其作用机制。应用RT-PCR和ELISA法考察细胞释放炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-α的变化,Western blot法检测细胞中p-p38MAPK和IBA-1蛋白表达变化,热板法检测慢性吗啡耐受小鼠热板痛阈变化。实验结果发现,黄芩苷(1,10,100 μmol/L)剂量依赖性地抑制吗啡活化的BV2细胞释放IL-1β和TNF-α,100 μmol/L黄芩苷明显降低p-p38MAPK水平。鞘内注射黄芩苷(20,40,60 μg)可剂量依赖性地改善慢性吗啡耐受,鞘内注射黄芩苷60 μg可模拟出小胶质细胞抑制剂米诺环素的作用并能显著抑制慢性吗啡耐受小鼠脊髓p-p38MAPK以及IBA-1的表达。本研究表明,黄芩苷可通过抑制p38MAPK信号通路抑制吗啡引起的小胶质细胞活化,进而显著改善慢性吗啡耐受。     

603抗心律失常作用的实验研究

本文利用多种心律失常的动物模型研究603(盐酸N-(β-二乙胺乙基)-N-邻甲苯基-3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰胺)的抗心律失常作用。 在改良的Lawson小鼠氯仿模型中,腹腔注射603的治疗指数(LD_(50)/ED_(50))和安全范围(LD_5/ED_(95))分别为3.38和1.87,与奎尼丁和茚丙胺相近似,而稍逊于利多卡因。在大鼠乌头碱模型中,603恒速注射的有效量为9.1±2.0mg/kg,治疗指数(最小致死量/最小有效量)为22.5,而利多卡因的有效量为30±6.6mg/kg,治疗指数仅为2.6。603灌服200mg/kg也有预防乌头碱诱发心律失常的作用。在狗哇巴因模型中,603的有效量为10.1±3.3 mg/kg,利多卡因则为31.1±22mg/kg。实验结果表明,603的抗心律失常作用优于利多卡因,且在个体中的差异较小,所用剂量也易于控制。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.