不同发病孕周的妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症围产儿结局分析

目的 探讨不同发病孕周的妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）患者的围产儿结局。方法 选取2015年11月至2017年11月黄山市人民医院诊治并分娩的ICP患者167例,按ICP不同发病孕周分为4组,1组为妊娠≤27⁺⁶周（15例）,2组为妊娠28周~31⁺⁶周（29例）,3组为妊娠32~33⁺⁶周（26例）,4组为妊娠≥34周（97例）。比较4组患者早产、剖宫产、羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息及死胎的发生率。以孕32周为界,比较妊娠<32周组（44例）及妊娠≥32周组（123例）患者早产、剖宫产、羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、死胎的发生率以及其血清总胆汁酸（TBA）及重度ICP发生率的情况。结果 4组患者早产、剖宫产、羊水污染、新生儿窒息及死胎的发生率差异均有统计学意义（χ²=46.587,P<0.001;χ²=7.990,P=0.046;χ²=24.557,P<0.001;χ²=9.045,P=0.019;χ²=11.777,P=0.003）。妊娠<32周组患者早产、剖宫产、羊水污染、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、死胎的发生率高于妊娠≥32周组,差异有统计学意义（χ²=42.626,P<0.001;χ²=7.838,P=0.005;χ²=24.204,P<0.001;χ²=4.751,P=0.029;χ²=9.612,P=0.002;χ²=7.592,P=0.006）。妊娠<32周组患者的血清TBA水平高于妊娠≥32周组,差异有统计学意义（t=3.435,P=0.001）;妊娠<32周组患者重度ICP发生率高于妊娠≥32周组,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.042,P=0.044）。结论 妊娠<32周ICP患者血清TBA水平高,围产儿不良结局发生率高,临床应重视并积极诊治孕32周之前发病的ICP患者。     

BDNF基因rs6265多态性与首发精神分裂症患者伴发糖代谢异常的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）基因rs6265多态性与首发精神分裂症发生糖代谢异常的关联性。方法 首发精神分裂患者经OGTT试验区分为糖代谢异常者（研究组）与糖代谢正常者（对照组）,分别收集120例,同时收集健康组120例。用高分辨率熔解曲线（HRM）对BDNFrs6265进行基因型检测,同时利用酶联免疫吸附技术测定血清BDNF水平。结果 研究组AA基因型、A等位基因频率高于对照组（χ²=9.82,P=0.00;χ²=4.70,P=0.03）及健康组（χ²=19.70,P=0.00;χ²=8.16,P=0.03）,差异有统计学意义。对照组与健康组的基因型及等位基因频率相比差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.12,P=0.57;χ²=0.50, P=0.48）。血清BDNF水平在各组中依次为研究组 < 对照组 < 健康组（F=40.09,P=0.00）,3组中AA基因型BDNF水平均低于GG型、GA型（F=634.55,P=0.00,F=337.62,P=0.00,F=106.78,P=0.00）。结论 BDNF基因rs6265多态性与首发精神分裂症伴发糖代谢异常有关,且AA基因型是影响患者BDNF表达的因素之一。     

辅助治疗对子宫内膜癌的疗效及对HE4、MMP-9和肿瘤标志物的影响

目的 探讨晚期子宫内膜癌不同辅助治疗方式的疗效及其对血清人附睾蛋白4(human epididymis protein 4, HE4)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)和血清肿瘤标志物的影响。方法 选取2011年3月~2012年2月间四川省康复医院妇产科诊治的拟行手术治疗的80例晚期子宫内膜癌患者为研究对象,依据手术后采取的放化疗辅助治疗方式的不同,将患者分为术后放疗组(27例)、术后化疗组(30例)和术后放疗+化疗组(23例),对比观察3组患者的临床疗效及HE4、MMP-9和血清肿瘤标志物的变化。结果 术后放疗组和化疗组的总体有效率分别为59.26%(16/27)和70.00%(21/30),明显低于术后放化疗组的91.30%(21/23)(P<0.05);而术后放疗组、化疗组和放化疗组3组患者的疾病控制率和不良反应发生率比较则无明显差别(P>0.05);术后放疗组、化疗组和放化疗组的总体生存时间分别为11.3个月(95%CI:9.236~13.459)、12.6个月(95%CI:10.883~14.362)和15.7个月(95%CI:13.791~17.565),Log Rank检验显示术后放化疗组的总体生存时间明显高于其他两组(χ²=9.122, P=0.010);另外,治疗前3组患者的血清肿瘤标志物CEA、NSE、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CA19-9和SCCAg、MMP-9和HE4的水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但治疗结束后上述各项指标均出现明显降低(P<0.05);而且术后放化疗组患者的降低幅度均明显高于术后化疗组和放疗组(P<0.05)。结论 术后放化疗的治疗方式能够显著抑制血清肿瘤标志物、HE4和MMP-9水平,从而促进晚期子宫内膜癌患者术后的生存时间的延长。     

脱细胞异体真皮基质填塞术治疗高位肛瘘的临床疗效

目的 探讨应用脱细胞异体真皮基质(acellular dermal Matrix,ADM)填塞治疗高位肛瘘的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2013年9月~2015年3月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院的52例高位肛瘘患者的临床资料,分为ADM治疗组和传统挂线对照组进行术后相关指标的分析。结果 两组患者在性别(χ²=0.087,P=0.768)、年龄(t=0.231,P=0.389)、民族(χ²=0.391,P=0.532)、病程(t=0.316,P=0.690)、随访时间(t=0.512,P=0.209)上差异均无统计学意义,ADM组术后相关指标如肛门失禁(χ²=5.532,P=0.019)、肛门畸形(χ²=4.457,P=0.035)、术后疼痛时间(t=19.652,P=0.033)、术后愈合时间(t=14.186,P=0.003)及生活质量评分(t=13.188,P=0.041)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),明显优越于挂线组,但复发率(χ²=4.127,P=0.042)较挂线组偏高。结论 运用ADM治疗高位肛瘘具有微创、缩短愈合时间和保护肛门功能及外形等优势。     

2014~2018年合肥市城区活产儿早产发生状况分析

目的 分析合肥市城区活产儿早产发生状况,为制定预防早产措施提供参考依据。方法 利用合肥市妇幼卫生信息系统,共纳入2014~2018年间合肥市城区(包河区、蜀山区、庐阳区和瑶海区)活产(146 889例)早产儿9 077例。收集所有早产儿出生信息及其母亲相关信息,描述不同区域、季节、性别、母亲年龄的活产儿早产发生状况。结果 2014~2018年合肥市城区活产儿早产总体发生率为6.18%(95% CI:6.10%~6.30%),各年度活产儿早产发生率分别为6.08%、6.35%、6.32%、6.04%和6.14%。冬季活产儿早产发生率为6.50%,高于夏季(χ²=4.393,P=0.036)和秋季(χ²=15.520,P<0.001);庐阳区活产儿早产发生率高于包河区(χ²=22.210,P<0.001)、蜀山区(χ²=11.874,P=0.001)和瑶海区(χ²=9.295,P=0.002);男婴早产发生率高于女婴(χ²=47.943,P<0.001);超高龄组母亲的活产儿早产发生率为11.35%,高于低龄组(χ²=37.643,P<0.001)、适龄组(χ²=224.022,P<0.001)和高龄组(χ²=38.677,P<0.001);母亲年龄越大,早产发生率越高(χ²_趋势=419.532,P<0.001)。结论 合肥市城区活产儿早产发生率在6.0%左右,男婴、出生在冬季、母亲年龄大的活产儿发生早产风险较高。     

基于快速康复理念的护理干预在妇科单孔腹腔镜治疗良性肿瘤中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于快速康复理念的护理干预在妇科单孔腹腔镜治疗良性肿瘤中的临床效果。方法 选取2021年2月至2022年1月皖南医学院第二附属医院收治的80例妇科良性肿瘤行单孔腹腔镜手术患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上采用基于快速康复理念的护理干预。比较两组研究对象围术期时间(肠道准备时间、首次下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间)、术后并发症(恶心、呕吐、腹胀)发生率以及患者对护理满意度的差异。结果 观察组术前肠道准备时间(t=2.332,P=0.022)、首次下床活动时间(t=2.461,P=0.016)、肛门首次排气时间(t=2.324,P=0.023)、住院时间(t=2.401,P=0.019)均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05)。观察组术后恶心、呕吐(χ²=5.156、P=0.012),腹胀(χ²=4.588、P=0.032)发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者对护理满意度为95%,高于对照组的80%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.114,P=0.043)。结论 基于快速康复理念的护理干预在妇科单孔腹腔镜治疗良性肿瘤的临床应用中能够缩短患者围手术期时间,降低术后并发症的发生,提高患者满意度。     

介入栓塞治疗颅内前交通动脉瘤的临床疗效及其对认知功能、SDF-1A、TGF-β和炎性因子水平的影响

目的 探讨介入栓塞治疗颅内前交通动脉瘤的临床疗效及其对认知功能、基质细胞衍生因子（stromal cell derived factor 1A,SDF-1A）、转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β）和炎性因子水平的影响。方法 选取2008年2月~2014年6月间百色市人民医院神经外科诊治的68例颅内前交通动脉瘤患者为研究对象,依据治疗方案的不同将患者分为开颅动脉瘤夹闭组（对照组）和介入栓塞治疗组（栓塞组）,每组各34例。分别比较两组患者的临床疗效、认知功能、SDF-1A、TGF-β和炎性因子水平的变化。结果 栓塞组患者治疗良好率为55.88%（19/34）,显著高于对照组的29.41%（10/34）（χ²=4.870,P=0.027）;而且,栓塞组患者的复发率仅为11.76%（4/34）也显著低于对照组的32.35%（11/34）（χ²=4.191,P=0.041）;但两组患者不良发生率比较无显著差别（χ²=0.086,P=0.770）;治疗后,栓塞组患者记忆力和回忆能力得分均较对照组明显升高（P<0.05）,但两组患者在定向能力、注意力与计算能力和语言能力方面的比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者SDF-1A、TGF-β和TNF-α的水平均明显下降,IL-10的水平则显著升高,且栓塞组患者上述4项指标的改善程度均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 介入栓塞治疗可提高颅内前交通动脉瘤的临床治疗效果,改善患者记忆和回忆力,减轻炎性应激水平。     

嗜铬细胞瘤及副神经节瘤不同生化表型的CT征象对比研究

目的 分析生化阴性嗜铬细胞瘤及副神经节瘤（pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas,PPGLs）的电子计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）征象是否有别于生化阳性PPGLs,同时了解生化阳性PPGLs不同表型的CT征象是否存在差异。方法 回顾性分析131例PPGLs患者的术前腹部增强CT图像,包括肿瘤位置、大小、形态、囊变坏死、液-液分层、钙化、向心结节状强化、肿瘤内粗大血管、强化包膜、绝对廓清率及相对廓清率。根据生化水平,将患者分为生化阳性组和阴性组,阳性组进一步分为去甲肾上腺素型、肾上腺素型及多巴胺型。比较各组及各表型间的CT征象差异。结果 相较于生化阴性组,阳性组PPGLs更大（Z=-2.064,P=0.039）、囊变坏死（χ²=6.610,P=0.010）及向心结节状强化（χ²=3.909,P=0.048）的比例更高;相较于去甲肾上腺素型,肾上腺素型PPGLs更大（Z=-2.036,P=0.042）、强化包膜比例更高（χ²=7.242,P=0.007）。结论 肿瘤大小、囊变坏死及向心结节状强化的CT征象有助于术前诊断生化阴性PPGLs,肿瘤大小及强化包膜有助于解释去甲肾上腺素型及肾上腺素型PPGLs不同临床表现产生的机制。     

大动脉粥样硬化与心源性栓塞大脑中动脉M1段闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗单中心回顾性分析

目的 探讨大动脉粥样硬化（LAA）与心源性栓塞（CE）大脑中动脉M1段闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者的临床特点及血管内治疗差异。方法 连续回顾性纳入2014年9月至2018年2月在我院行血管内治疗的LAA与CE大脑中动脉M1段闭塞AIS患者，比较分析两组在临床特点、血管内治疗方式、术后颅内出血发生率及预后等方面的差异。结果 共纳入患者134例，其中LAA患者48例，男39例、女9例，年龄为42～82（62.65±9.76）岁；CE患者86例，男40例、女46例，年龄为34～87（69.66±12.43）岁；两组性别、平均年龄差异均有统计学意义（χ²=15.363、t=－3.371，P均<0.05）。LAA患者高血压病占比高于CE患者[70.8%（34/48）vs 51.2%（44/86），χ²=4.900，P=0.027]，入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分低于CE患者[13（7，16）分vs 16（13，21）分，Z=－3.603，P<0.001]。采用血管成形术的LAA患者比例为52.1%（25/48），高于CE患者的4.7%（4/86；χ²=38.121，P<0.01）。LAA患者术后颅内出血发生率低于CE患者[10.4%（5/48）vs 32.6%（28/86），χ²=8.136，P=0.004]。两组在术后症状性颅内出血发生率、血管成功再通率以及术后3个月良好预后率和死亡率方面差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 大脑中动脉M1段闭塞的AIS患者中，CE患者发病时症状较重，且血管内治疗后颅内出血发生率较高。LAA和CE患者的血管内治疗方式不同，但预后和死亡率无明显差异。     

他克莫司联合红光对脂溢性皮炎的疗效及其对皮肤生理参数和炎性因子的影响

目的 探讨他克莫司联合红光对脂溢性皮炎的疗效及其对皮肤生理参数和炎性因子的影响。方法 选取2011年10月~2016年3月在成都医学院第一附属医院接受诊治的74例脂溢性皮炎患者为研究对象,依据治疗方案的不同将患者分为他克莫司组（单独组）和他克莫司+红光治疗组（联合组）,每组各37例。单独组患者予以0.03%他克莫司乳膏,每日2次,联合组患者在此基础之上加用红光照射,疗程共4周。分别比较两组患者的临床疗效、皮肤生理参数和炎性因子水平的改变。结果 单独组患者的治疗有效率为70.27%（26/37）,显著低于联合组的91.89%（34/37）（χ²=5.638,P=0.018）;联合组的复发率为5.41%（2/37）,明显低于单独组的21.62%（8/37）（χ²=4.163,P=0.041）,而且联合组真菌镜检阴性率明显高于单独组（P<0.05）,但两组患者不良反应发生率和马拉色菌检出密度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组患者皮肤含水量和pH值显著增加,TEWL、皮脂分泌率和IFN-γ水平明显降低,而且联合组皮肤含水量、皮脂分泌率、TEWL和IFN-γ的改善程度均优于单独组（P<0.05）;但治疗前后两组患者的IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的水平比较差异均无统计学意义差别（P>0.05）。结论 他克莫司联合红光可显著提高脂溢性皮炎的临床疗效,增加皮肤含水量,降低皮脂分泌率、TEWL和IFN-γ水平。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.