关节镜下行踝关节融合术治疗晚期创伤性关节炎11例临床报告

目的:评估关节镜下行踝关节融合术治疗晚期创伤性关节炎的疗效。方法:2006年1月～2009年10月,11例(男8例,女3例)晚期创伤性关节炎患者,年龄45～67岁,平均56岁;9例为外伤引起,2例为习惯性扭伤。均采用关节镜行踝关节融合术,镜下清除踝关节内增生肥厚滑膜,磨削胫骨及距骨表面的关节软骨及其硬化骨,取出游离体,并以两枚松质骨螺钉固定踝关节于屈曲0°,外翻5°～10°,外旋5°～10°及距骨轻度后移位。术后平均随访26周(20周～32周),分别采用Mazur评分系统及Angus and Cowell评价标准比较手术前后评分。结果:11例患者术前Mazur评分平均49.5分,术后平均86.7分(P<0.05)。11例患者术前Angus and Cowell评价标准为差,术后8例优,2例良,1例差(即踝关节未融合患者)。术后患者完全融合时间为11.2周(8周～16周)。融合率为90.9%。1例未达到骨性融合,进行对症治疗未见骨质融合倾向遂取下螺钉并清理钉道溶解骨行自体骨植骨外固定架固定。术后14周时达到骨性融合。结论:关节镜下行踝关节融合术是治疗晚期创伤性关节炎行之有效的方法。     

人工全踝关节置换术治疗踝关节骨关节炎的疗效分析

目的 观察人工全踝关节置换术治疗踝关节骨关节炎的疗效.方法 对1999年10月- 2006年10月所收治的42例患有严重踝关节骨关节炎并符合手术适应证的患者进行人工全踝关节置换术.并按照Kofoed评分标准,对患者的疼痛程度、踝关节功能、踝关节活动度进行评分;同时根据Mayo踝关节置换的评价标准对患者进行疗效评价.结果 根据Kofoed评分标准,术后患者在疼痛、功能和活动度方面都明显优于术前(P＜0.05),优良率为90％ (28/31);而根据Mayo踝关节置换的评价标准,优良率为87％ (27/31).结论 人工全踝置换术能有效缓解踝关节疼痛,改善踝关节活动度及功能,为需行踝关节融合术患者提供一种有效的方法.     

中国青年距骨斜角正常值测定

目的 :测定中国健康青年踝关节距骨斜角正常值范围 ,从影像学方面提供急性外踝韧带损伤导致外踝不稳的定量诊断方法。方法 :随机选择无外踝韧带损伤史的健康青年学生 2 2 4人(男 1 1 8人 ,女 1 0 6人 ) ,年龄 2 0～2 3岁 ,共计 445例踝关节。在髋、膝屈曲 90°、踝跖屈 3 0°位 ,采用踝关节加压内翻拍片架拍踝跖屈内翻应力正位X线片。结果 :445例踝关节中 ,距骨斜角最小 0°,最大 1 1°,男性踝关节 2 3 5例距骨斜角 x±s为 3 99°± 1 91°,M±Q为 4°± 2°,P95为 7°;女性踝关节2 1 0例距骨斜角 x±s为 4 3 9°± 2 2 3°,M±Q为 4°±3°,P95为 8°。结论 :中国健康青年踝关节距骨斜角正常值范围为 0°～8°,急性外踝韧带损伤患者距骨斜角 >4°而≤ 8°时 ,结合临床严重的体征可考虑韧带断裂 ,距骨斜角 >8°时 ,可认为至少有一条外踝韧带断裂     

人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折

目的探讨人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折的疗效。方法采用Thomp-son入路行人工肱骨头置换术20例。男8例,女12例;年龄61~73岁,平均67岁。按Neer分型:三部分4例,四部分16例。采用Neer评分系统,根据患者疼痛、功能、肩关节活动范围评价疗效。结果术后随访时间10~42个月,平均26个月,16例无肩痛,4例偶有肩痛,均能完成日常生活工作。肩关节活动范围:前屈102.5°,后伸37.5°,外展85.5°,内收30°,外旋35°,内旋45°。全组无血管神经损伤、假体松动及脱位。按Neer评分:优6例,良11例,可3例,优良率85%,患者主观满意率90%。结论人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端复杂骨折,疗效满意,但应严格掌握手术指征。精确的假体安置,假体周围软组织重建与平衡技术,术后系统、持久的康复训练是肩关节功能恢复的保证。     

环锯法闭合行踝关节融合术42例

踝关节创伤性骨性关节炎及部分畸形严重影响下肢运动功能,传统的关节融合术创伤大,感染率和不愈合率高。我院自1995年6月起,选用20个截肢标本作解剖学测量、研究、设计,并实施环锯法闭合行踝关节融合术,临床应用42例,取得满意疗效。标本测量及计算利用20例截肢病人,男8例,女12例。其中创伤截肢9例,糖尿病足截肢11例。解剖下端关节面:胫骨下端关节面呈凹形,据Ｈｏｌｉｎｓｈｅａｄ测量[1],胫骨下端关节面的冠状面与胫骨上端的冠状面不在同一平面上。一般正常人下端较上端向外扭转0°～45°,平均20°,笔者所测为14°～25°,平均17°;踝关节矢…     

无骨折的踝关节脱位一例

患者　男 ,2 5岁。 1年前因在跑跳中落地时 ,左脚跟落于他人足背 ,足内翻扭伤摔倒。伤后踝部即刻肿胀并有明显畸形 ,30min后来我院急诊。体检发现左踝前方空虚 ,足呈内翻畸形并向后方移位 ,前足血运及感觉未见异常 ,足趾活动正常。X线片检查可见距骨向内、后方脱位 ,足呈内翻位 ,踝关节未见骨折和下胫腓分离。即刻闭合复位 ,膝下踝关节前后石膏托固定 ,6周后拆除 ,开始踝关节功能活动 ,并逐步负重行走。 1年后随诊复查 ,患者仅感踝关节有轻微疼痛 ,踝的前外侧有压痛 ;关节功能跖屈正常 ,背伸较对侧减少约 10°;关节内外翻检查正常。X线片示…     

机械性踝关节不稳患者踝屈、伸肌群等速肌力评价

目的:评价机械性踝关节不稳(mechanical ankle instability,MAI)患者踝屈、伸肌群的等速肌力。方法:20名单侧机械性踝关节不稳患者的双侧踝关节分别接受等速肌力测试(60°/s和120°/s)。比较患侧和健侧踝关节屈、伸肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率、总功和屈伸力矩比的差异。结果:60°/s时,两侧伸肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率及总功的差别均无统计学意义(P=0.303,P=0.548,P=0.452),屈肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率和屈伸力矩比均无显著性差异(P=0.417,P=0.275,P=0.870),但屈肌群总功有显著性差异(P=0.043)。120°/s时,两侧伸肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率及总功差别均无统计学意义(P=0.096,P=0.069,P=0.233),但屈肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率、总功和屈伸力矩比有显著性差异(P=0.030,P=0.043,P=0.017,P=0.036)。结论:机械性踝关节不稳患者患侧踝关节跖屈肌群快速运动时肌力下降,这可能与其踝关节稳定性有关。     

单边铰链式跨关节外固定架治疗胫骨Plafond骨折的早期疗效观察

目的观察使用单边铰链式跨关节外固定架结合有限切开复位内固定技术治疗胫骨Plafond骨折的早期临床疗效,总结其使用经验. 方法我院从2001年9月至2003年9月,使用单边铰链式跨关节外固定架对38例胫骨Plafond骨折患者进行复位固定.通过韧带牵拉整复作用协助恢复下肢长度、力线及一定程度的关节面复位,结合经皮间接复位或有限切开复位内固定的方法进行关节面重建,对干骺端骨缺损进行植骨填充.术后早期松开外固定架的铰链锻炼踝关节功能,并通过外固定架的轴向动力作用促进骨折愈合. 结果骨折复位质量采用Burwell和Charnley标准评价,34例优,4例一般.平均随访时间32.9周(8～96周).术后平均22.8 d(2 d～16周)松开铰链开始活动踝关节.骨折愈合时间平均18.8周(8～54周),延迟愈合3例,胫、腓骨不愈合各1例,畸形愈合1例.患侧踝关节背伸5°～35°,平均18.2°;跖屈5°～30°,平均14.7°.伤口裂开1例,无伤口感染、皮肤坏死.针道感染12例,松动9例.21例出现踝关节活动后疼痛.10例出现患侧下肢短缩. 结论使用单边铰链式跨关节外固定架结合有限切开复位内固定技术治疗胫骨Plafond骨折提高了骨折愈合率,获得了良好的踝关节活动范围,有效降低了并发症发生率,近期疗效满意.     

慢性踝关节不稳患者三维步态动力学特征

目的:研究慢性踝关节不稳患者步态的三维动力学特征,探讨其运动功能变化及生物力学机制。方法:选择慢性踝关节不稳患者15名(实验组),依据其年龄、身高、体重匹配健康受试者15名(对照组)。采用三维动作捕捉系统和Visual 3D软件观测受试者步行时支撑期地面反作用力(GRF)及踝关节力矩的变化。结果:实验组在矢状轴、额状轴和垂直轴的GRF第1峰值较对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但3个轴向的GRF第2峰值均较对照组小,其中矢状轴向前和垂直轴向上的GRF差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。踝关节力矩于矢状面、额状面、水平面的第1峰值分别是背伸、内翻和内收力矩,实验组较对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。踝关节力矩于3个面的第2峰值分别是跖屈、外翻和外展力矩,实验组均较对照组小,其中跖屈和外展力矩差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:慢性踝关节不稳患者步行过程中,于支撑末期向上、向前的地面反作用力以及踝跖屈、外展力矩降低,这可能是踝跖屈、外翻肌群肌肉功能不足所致,但导致踝关节跖屈功能不足的主要肌群尚需进一步明确。     

关节置换治疗膝关节创伤后晚期严重功能障碍

目的探讨膝关节创伤后严重功能障碍的治疗以及人工关节置换治疗这类疾病的手术适应证及手术方法。方法自1997年6月至2004年6月采用人工关节置换治疗严重创伤后晚期膝关节功能障碍18例21膝,对于其中严重创伤性关节炎无明显畸形10例12膝,采用膝关节表面置换。创伤性关节炎合并膝关节20°～40°内外翻或20°～90°固定性屈曲畸形6例7膝,膝关节完全骨性强直2例2膝,患者采用可旋转铰链式膝关节。所有患者均获得随访,时间6个月～7年,平均3.5年,采用美国特种外科医院(HospitalforSpecialSurgery,HSS)评分标准对手术疗效进行评价。结果评定膝关节术后的疼痛、活动功能、关节畸形矫正以及稳定性和肌力。术前评价均为差,术后优12膝,良7膝,可2膝,总优良率90%。患者主观满意率为100%。结论关节置换治疗膝关节创伤后晚期严重功能障碍是一种有效的方法。     

Impingement syndromes of the ankle

Ankle impingement syndromes are categorised according to their anatomical site around the tibiotalar joint. Anterolateral, anterior and posterior ankle impingement has been extensively described in the orthopaedic and radiology literature with more recent studies describing posteromedial and anteromedial impingement. This article aims to demonstrate the potential spectrum of imaging findings for each ankle impingement syndrome as well as the relative contributions of ultrasound and MR imaging for diagnosis and image-guided treatment.     

Ball-and-socket ankle joint

The ball-and-socket ankle joint is a malformation of the ankle in which the articular surface of the talus is hemispherical in both the anteroposterior and lateral projections and has a congruent, concave tibial articular surface. Fourteen patients with this condition were identified retrospectively. Thirteen patients were thought to have the congenital type of ball-and-socket ankle joint which in many was associated with tarsal coalition, short limb, and ray fusion and deletion anomalies. One case of the acquired type, demonstrating less geometric rounding of the talar margins, was seen in a patient with myelomeningocele, probably resulting from sensory and motor deficits. Although the exact etiology of the congenital type is unknown, its association with other malformations suggests that the ball-and-socket ankle joint results from an overall maldevelopment of the ankle and foot.     

Effects of elastic ankle support on running ankle kinematics in individuals with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls

BackgroundIndividuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have an increased risk for recurrent injuries. The preventive effects of external ankle supports are not fully understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of elastic ankle support on running ankle kinematics.Methods3D running gait analysis of individuals with and without CAI was conducted at three-minute-running trials at 2.78 m/s with and without elastic ankle support in a randomised order. Ankle kinematics and intra-individual standard deviations (variability) were calculated at each percent of the running gait cycle. Group and ankle support effects were calculated using statistical parameter mapping.ResultsTwenty-seven individuals were analysed (CAI: n = 14, controls: n = 13). When wearing ankle support, CAI individuals showed significantly decreased plantarflexion angles at 43–47 % (p = 0.033) and 49–51 % (p = 0.043) of the running gait cycle compared to normal running. In healthy controls, no differences in ankle angles between both conditions were found. Comparisons between CAI individuals and healthy controls showed statistically significant differences in the plantar-/dorsiflexion angles at 38–41 % (p = 0.044) with ankle support and at 34–46 % (p = 0.004) without ankle support. Significant ankle angle variability differences were found for ankle in-/eversion between CAI individuals and healthy controls (p = 0.041) at 32–33 % of the running gait cycle.ConclusionsElastic ankle support reduces the range of sagittal plane running ankle kinematics of CAI individuals but not of healthy controls. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between ankle support effects and the risk for recurrent ankle sprains.     

踝关节本体感受器损伤与慢性踝关节不稳定关系的初步研究

Objective To analyze the effect of ankle joint proprioceptor injury on the functional ankle instability. Methods The study enrolled 18 ( 13 males) with chronic ankle instability treated with ligament reconstruction operation. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS)score was used for evaluation of the function before and after operation and the balance system evaluate the proprioception function. The two ankle ligament specimens from fresh frozen body and the tissue samples from operation were used for investigation of the structure and distribution of the sensory corpuscles by using histology and immunohistoehemical staining. Results The sections were evaluated with a microscope and an image analyzer. Labeled nerve endings were mapped, measured and categorized. Type Ⅰ ( Ruffini-like ending) , type Ⅱ ( Pacinin-like corpuscle ) and type Ⅳ- (noncorpuscular) nerve endings could be identified in all the lateral ankle ligaments, with majority of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ nerve endings.These receptors were distributed primarily over the superficial ligament and near the bony attachments.There was statistical difference between preoperative and postoperative sway distance as well as between preoperative and postoperative AOFAS score. Conclusions This study suggests that the longer history,severer symptoms and lower AOFAS score may lead to the severer injury of the mechanical proprioceptors.The proprioceptor injury is correlated with ankle joint instability and the ligament reconstruction is effective to avoid the repeated injury of the proprioceptor.     

Arthrography of the ankle joint in chronic instability

Papers on arthrography of injuries of the lateral ligaments of the ankle relate mainly to recent distortion of the joint. Arthrography performed at a later stage after injury generally is considered useless. In fact, changes in chronic instability are observed; they are subtle and consist either of small recesses adjacent to the lateral malleolus or communication of the joint with the peroneal tendon sheaths. Arthrography was assessed in 61 cases of recurrent lateral sprains of the ankle more than 2 weeks after acute injury; 38 were considered as positive. Twenty-five patients had operative evaluation, with four false negative and one false positive results. Small recesses adjacent to the lateral malleolus or opacification of the peroneal tendon sheaths are sequelae of an acute sprain with tear of the anterior talofibular and/or the calcaneofibular ligaments. Although false negative results occur, arthrography is useful in the preoperative assessment of chronic ankle instability.     

选择性经皮内固定治疗三踝骨折

目的 探讨有选择性地采用经皮内固定方法治疗三踝(内踝、外踝、后踝)非粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.方法 在X线机透视下,经皮钳夹、撬拨复位,以螺钉、空心螺钉、克氏针等经皮内固定.共治疗26例;年龄20～55岁,平均35.2岁.随访时间12～24个月,平均14个月.结果 本组患者骨折全部愈合,临床愈合时间8～24周,平均10.3周,无皮肤坏死、感染、内固定物松动等;按Bourne评分标准:优15例,良9例,可2例,优良率92%.结论 经皮内固定术适用于横形、斜形等非粉碎性的三踝骨折,尤其是局部肿胀明显、皮肤条件较差者,其创伤小、康复快,但要有选择性地应用.     

The ankle meter: an instrument for evaluation of anterior talar drawer in ankle sprain

The aim of this study was to work out a clinical test which is possible to measure the anterior talar drawer (ATD) in patients after ankle sprain. The instrument for evaluation was called ankle meter. The instrument consists of two plastic scales (heal scale and tibia scale). The instrument allows quantifying the results of the anterior drawing test. A total of 38 persons (16 men, 22 women) were available as control group. The persons were 28.8±10.1 years old. No proband had any ankle problems in his history. A total of 45 patients (25 males, 20 females) suffering from ankle sprain were included in the study. In these patients stress radiography (147.1 N) was performed to measure the ATD. In control group the clinical measured ATD was 1.7±1.3 mm. Measurement for detect the interobserver validity did not detect significant differences. The ATD of the joint after ankle sprain was significantly higher (8.9±4.3 mm). The difference between healthy and injured ankle in case of an ankle sprain was 7.4±4.2 mm. There was a significant correlation between clinical and radiological measured ATD (R=0.91). The results suggest that it is possible to measure the ATD exactly. The values of the clinical ATD measurement showed a good correlation with the results of stress radiography. Diligent clinical examination in combination with this special test are after this experiences sufficient to classify the severity of injury after ankle sprain.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗

目的 回顾慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的治疗,对其结果进行分析和评价.方法 74例患者,其中男43例,女31例;年龄15～63岁,平均39岁.患者至少有半年以上的病史,有两次以上的反复扭伤史.所有患者均行6周以上的保守治疗.41例患者行手术治疗,改良的Brostrom术12例,Myerson法8例,Chrisman-Snook法21例.对其他并发的病理问题需同时处:其中腓骨肌腱滑脱加固术6例,跟腱挛缩延长术9例,跟内翻截骨外移术8例,距骨骨软骨损伤清理打孔13例.结果 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.结论 本组74例患者,通过术前的保守治疗,21例功能性不稳定的患者症状缓解,53例合并功能性不稳定和机械性不稳定的患者中,10例症状缓解,2例不愿意手术治疗,41例行手术治疗.手术治疗的患者在术后的随访中,有随访资料的39例;33例未手术的患者中,有随访资料的28例.共随访6～91个月,采用Roos功能结果评分法进行结果评判.术后踝关节功能评分的平均值为86.24,保守治疗的患者踝关节功能评分的平均值为97.34.