妊娠期宫颈癌17例临床分析

目的对17例妊娠期宫颈癌进行临床分析,了解其疗效及预后.方法单纯放疗7例,放疗+腹壁下动脉插管化疗4例,术前放疗+手术6例.结果近期疗效:妊娠期CR3例,PR1例.产后CR 4例,PR 4例,NC 2例,PD 3例.远期疗效存活最长已6年,最短半年,中位生存23个月.结论妊娠期宫颈癌治愈率低,预后差,应及时终止妊娠,积极行综合治疗.     

43例Ⅱb期宫颈癌术前的放射治疗

目的探讨Ⅱb期宫颈癌经术前放疗后的手术适应症.方法1991年1月～2001年1月,43例Ⅱb期宫颈癌接受术前放射治疗,继而接受广泛性子宫切除术及盆腔淋巴结清扫术.结果全组均能按手术规范完成手术,术中未发生不可控制的大出血,无输尿管、膀胱及直肠损伤.术后常见并发症尿潴留发生率9.30%(4/43),泌尿道感染发生率11.63%(5/43),无一例发生尿瘘.结论Ⅱb期宫颈癌经术前放疗后,有手术适应症.术前放疗不增加术中及术后并发症.     

产后宫颈癌3例临床资料分析

妊娠相关性宫颈癌(cervical cancer associated with pregnancy)是指妊娠期、产褥期和产后6个月内发生的宫颈癌.其发病率低,2009年8月至12月,我科收治宫颈癌患者共152例,其中妊娠相关性宫颈癌3例,现将该3例患者临床资料加以分析.     

认识妊娠合并宫颈癌

妊娠合并宫颈癌与非妊娠期宫颈癌相比,不易发现,预后差,对临床医生是非常棘手的问题。产后发现的宫颈癌较妊娠期发现的病情发展快,易复发,死亡率高。产检时应注意,处理应当个性化。     

局部晚期宫颈癌155例的综合治疗对照分析

目的:探讨影响局部晚期宫颈癌的预后因素及辅助化疗在子宫颈癌治疗中的价值。方法:2000年1月~2004年6月收治的ⅠB~ⅡB期宫颈癌患者共104例,接受手术及辅助放疗同时辅助化疗(A组),与1996年6月~1999年12月在汕头大学医学院附属肿瘤医院仅接受手术和辅助放疗的51例宫颈癌患者(B组)比较,分析其预后不良因素,并比较两组患者生存率情况。结果:两组例数相差较大,但差异无统计学意义。B组盆腔复发率、远处转移率均高于A组,P值分别为0.019和0.041。A组生存率高于B组,χ2=12.543,P=0.000。结论:根据患者预后不良因素,辅助化疗与手术、放疗结合的综合治疗能提高生存率,减少复发与转移。     

膀胱镜检查在宫颈癌诊治中的价值

 本文对1993年5月至1995年5月接受膀胱镜检查的312例宫颈癌患者资料进行回顾性分析.结果显示临床期别越晚,膀胱浸润的发生率越高(P<0.01).膀胱镜检查能明确宫颈癌患者放疗后出现血尿的原因以及肾孟积水与膀胱受侵的关系,对确定宫颈癌的临床分期、区别放疗后出现血尿的原因及指导制定宫颈癌治疗方案有一定意义.     

宫颈癌术前新辅助化疗的临床应用研究

目的:探讨新辅助化疗在子宫颈癌治疗中的价值。方法:研究对象为1991年1月～2003年12月符合入组标准的宫颈癌患者共306例,手术前给予2个疗程联合化疗(即新辅助化疗,A组),选择1988年1月～1990年12月在我院手术前未接受化疗的85例宫颈癌患者作对照(B组),比较两组患者生存率及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组比较5和10年生存率,A组>B组,P=0.045。不同手术方式、有无放化疗及不同病理类型患者5和10年生存率,A组均>B组,P=0.039。5年复发转移率差异有统计学意义,P=0.049。结论:新辅助化疗对适宜手术切除的宫颈癌患者是有益的,能提高近期控制率、手术切除率及远期生存率,减少复发与转移,值得临床推广应用。     

宫颈癌合并妊娠的诊断及治疗进展

宫颈癌合并妊娠的发生率较低，但却是妊娠期最常见恶性肿瘤。妊娠期胎儿取舍问题的考虑会影响医患双方对宫颈癌治疗时间和治疗方案的选择，而宫颈癌也会影响到分娩方式的选择，从而影响围产儿的预后。近年来宫颈癌发病逐渐年轻化，如何处理两者的关系具有重要的临床意义。现综述近年来在宫颈癌合并妊娠的诊断及治疗等方面的研究进展。     

妊娠合并宫颈癌13例临床分析

[目的]探讨妊娠合并宫颈癌的临床特征及诊治方式。[方法]回顾性分析13例妊娠合并宫颈癌患者的临床特征、诊治经过和随访情况。[结果]13例患者,妊娠期诊断7例（孕周为18~38周,中位孕周29周）,产后6个月内诊断6例。5例ⅠA1期,均为无任何症状仅在产检时发现;ⅠB1期3例、ⅠB2~ⅡA期3例均有接触性出血或不规则阴道出血症状;ⅡB期和ⅢB期各1例,均有持续阴道出血症状。妊娠期5例ⅠA1期及1例可疑ⅠB1期行延迟治疗;2例ⅠB1期和3例ⅠB2~ⅡA期行综合治疗。[结论]宫颈细胞学筛查对妊娠合并宫颈癌患者早诊断、早治疗具有重要意义,应作为首次产检的常规项目;在妊娠中晚期发现ⅠA期和ⅠB1期宫颈癌可以考虑延迟治疗。     

宫颈癌合并妊娠的诊断及治疗进展

宫颈癌合并妊娠的发生率较低,但却是妊娠期最常见恶性肿瘤。妊娠期胎儿取舍问题的考虑会影响医患双方对宫颈癌治疗时间和治疗方案的选择,而宫颈癌也会影响到分娩方式的选择,从而影响围产儿的预后。近年来宫颈癌发病逐渐年轻化,如何处理两者的关系具有重要的临床意义。现综述近年来在宫颈癌合并妊娠的诊断及治疗等方面的研究进展。     

液基薄层细胞学检测联合宫颈活检对诊断宫颈鳞状上皮病变的临床价值

目的:探讨液基薄层细胞学检测(liquid-based thinPrep cytology test,TCT)联合宫颈活检对诊断宫颈鳞状上皮病变的临床价值.方法:应用TCT对30350例受检者进行宫颁细胞学检查,细胞学检查结果为鳞状上皮异常者,进行阴道镜活检及病理检查.结果:TCT检出鳞状上皮异常者1 824例(6.01％),其中无明确意义的不典型鳞状细胞(atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,ASC-US)1423例,不除外高度鳞状上皮病变的不典型鳞状细胞(atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high grade intraepithelial lesion,ASC-H)214例,低度鳞状上皮内病变(low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,LSIL) 92例,高度鳞状上皮内病变(high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,HSIL) 80例,鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC) 15例.与活检病理检测结果相比,1423例ASC-US中,宫颁上皮内瘤样病变-Ⅰ级(grade Ⅰ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN-Ⅰ)202例、CIN- Ⅱ和CIN- Ⅲ 22例、SCC 1例;214例ASC-H中,CIN-Ⅰ 12例、CIN-Ⅱ和CIN-Ⅲ 101例、SCC5例:LSIL、HSIL及SCC组中与组织病理检测结果的符合率分别为63.04％( 58/92)、81.25％ (65/80)及100％( 15/15),SCC组和HSIL组的组织学符合率高于LSIL组(P＜0.01).结论:TCT与阴道镜活检病理检测结果有较高的符合率,二者联合能提高宫颈癌前病变及癌变的检出率.     

Application of Human Papillomavirus in Screening for Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions

Cervical cancer is a commonly-encountered malignant tumor in women. Cervical screening is particularlyimportant due to early symptoms being deficient in specificity. The main purpose of the study is to assess theapplication value of cervical thinprep cytologic test (TCT) and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in screeningfor cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. In the study, cervical TCT and HPV detection were simultaneouslyperformed on 12,500 patients selected in a gynecological clinic. Three hundred patients with positive resultsdemonstrated by cervical TCT and/or HPV detection underwent cervical tissue biopsy under colposcopy, andpathological results were considered as the gold standard. The results revealed that 200 out of 12,500 patientswere abnormal by TCT, in which 30 cases pertained to equivocal atypical squamous cells (ASCUS), 80 casesto low squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 70 cases to high squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and 20cases to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). With increasing pathological grade of cervical biopsy, however, TCTpositive rates did not rise. Two hundred and eighty out of 12,500 patients were detected as positive for HPVinfection, in which 50 cases were chronic cervicitis and squamous metaplasia, 70 cases cervical intraepithelialneoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ, 60 cases CIN Ⅱ, 70 cases CIN Ⅲ and 30 cases invasive cervical carcinoma. Two hundred andthirty patients with high-risk HPV infection were detected. With increase in pathological grade, the positive rateof high-risk HPV also rose. The detection rates of HPV detection to CIN Ⅲ and invasive cervical carcinoma aswell as the total detection rate of lesions were significantly higher than that of TCT. Hence, HPV detection is abetter method for screening of cervical cancer at present.     

Prevalence of Abnormal Anal Cytology in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology in women presenting with abnormal cervical cytology (intraepithelial lesion or cervical cancer) at the largest tertiary university hospital in Thailand. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study design was used. Anal cytology was performed on 145 women with abnormal cervical cytology between June 2014-Octoble 2014. If abnormal anal cytology was detected, anoscopy was performed with biopsy in any suspicious area of precancerous change. Results: Prevalence of abnormal anal cytology was 5.5% (8 patients). Of 8 patients, six patients presented with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, one patient with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and one with atypical squamous cell cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Abnormal anoscopic impression was found in 3 cases, as follow: The first case showed faint acetowhite lesion and anoscopic impression was low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; the second case was reported as human papillomavirus (HPV) change by anoscopic impression; and the third case showed dense acetowhite lesion with multiple punctation and pathologic examination showed anal intraepithelial neoplasm III (AIN3). The last patient underwent wide local excision of AIN3 with split-thickness skin graft reconstruction. Final pathology confirmed AIN3 with free resection margin. Conclusion: Prevalence of abnormal anal cytology was 5.5%  in patients with abnormal cervical cytology. The prevalence might be support anal cytology screening in this group of patients.     

膜式液基薄层细胞学检测联合高危型人乳头状瘤病毒分型检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用

目的探讨膜式液基薄层细胞学检测技术(TCT)联合高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)分型检测技术在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2160例有性生活史患者的宫颈脱落细胞作为筛检标本,采用TCT联合基因杂交捕获法(HC-II)对细胞学异常或临床存在高危症状的患者进行HPV分型检测,HPV阳性患者再行阴道镜下宫颈活组织病理学检查。结果 2160例受试标本中,259例(12.0%)患者TCT检查结果异常。TCT检查结果异常患者中,118例(45.6%)患者HPV分型检测阳性。宫颈活检病理结果显示,无上皮内病变或恶性病变(NILN)患者29例,宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I级患者40例,CIN II级以上患者49例。宫颈癌的发生率随宫颈内病变程度的增加而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HPV感染是诱发女性宫颈癌变的关键因素,临床应用TCT联合HPV基因分型检测技术筛查宫颈病变和早期宫颈癌更为精准、快捷、敏锐。     

肿瘤标志物、抑癌基因P16和HPV-L1蛋白检查在宫颈癌和癌前病变诊断中的意义

目的探讨糖类抗原(CA)153、CA125、P16基因和人乳头瘤毒(HPV)-LI在宫颈癌和癌前病变中的诊断意义。方法选取2016年1月至2019年1月间宝鸡市妇幼保健院收治的行宫颈液基细胞学(TCT)联合HPV检测的78例宫颈癌患者,根据检查结果分为宫颈癌组(32例)和宫颈上皮内瘤变组(CIN组,46例),并选取78例体检正常女性作为对照组。采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测三组受检者血清中的CA153和CA125水平,并用免疫组化染色法检测P16和HPV-L1蛋白水平,分析CA153、CA125、P16和HPV-L1在宫颈癌和癌前病变中的诊断价值。结果三组受检者的CA153和CA125水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且宫颈癌组患者、CIN组患者及对照组受检者的CA153和CA125水平均依次减少,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。三组受检者的CA153、CA125、P16和HPV-L1阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且宫颈癌组患者、CIN组患者及对照组受检者的CA153、CA125、P16和HPV-L1阳性率均依次减少,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。CA153、CA125、P16和HPV-L1单项诊断宫颈癌及癌前病变的敏感度和特异度均较低,四项联合诊断的敏感度和特异度较高。结论CA153、CA125、P16和HPV-L1联合检测可提高宫颈癌和癌前病变的诊断敏感度和特异度,值得临床推广使用。     

高危型HPV E6/E7mRNA检测在宫颈机会性筛查中应用价值研究

目的 人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV) DNA能提高检测宫颈上皮内瘤变2级+(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+,CIN2+)的灵敏度,但也增加了一过性HPV感染的检出率.本研究应用高危型HPV(high risk human papillomavirus,hrHPV) E6/E7 mRNA对比二代杂交捕获(hybrid CaptureⅡ,HC2)、HPV分型,描述机会性筛查人群中HPV感染及宫颈病变分布特征,探讨其用于宫颈筛查的可行性.方法 选取2013-01-01-2015-12-31在青岛大学附属青岛市立医院(6 138例)和青岛市城阳区人民医院(1 653例)妇科门诊行宫颈液基细胞学筛查的女性共计7 791例,年龄21～65岁.所有筛查女性行液基细胞学检查的同时行HPV检测,根据HPV检测方法的不同分为HC2组、HPV分型组和E6/E7组共3组.计算各组细胞学结果异常率、HPV阳性率和宫颈病变检出率,比较E6/E7所描述的流行病学特征与HPV-DNA方法的不同.结果 E6/E7组各级细胞学结果分别为,未见上皮内瘤变及恶性病变(negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy,NILM) 87.51％,意义不明的非典型鳞状细胞(atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,ASCUS)5.47％,低级别鳞状上皮内瘤变(low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,LSIL)3.51％,不除外高级别鳞状上皮内瘤变的非典型细胞(atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL,ASC-H)0.52％,高级别鳞状上皮内瘤变(high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,HSIL)2.99％.HPV阳性中异常细胞学结果的比例明显高于HPV阴性,而NILM的比例低于HPV阴性,P＜0.001.随着细胞学异常程度的加重,HPV阳性率逐渐增高,差异有统计学意义,x2值分别为611.089、512.036和767.260,P值均＜0.001.E6/E7组中NILM的HPV阳性率为8.02％,合计阳性率为14.73％,均较HC2及分型组低,x2=30.174,P=0.000;x2 =22.991,P＜0.001. E6/E7组CIN2+/CIN3+检出率分别为5.92％和1.20％,3组间比较差异无统计学意义,x2值分别为1.499和0.711,P值分别为0.473和0.701.E6/E7阳性率在正常至浸润性宫颈癌(invasive cervical cancer,ICC)之间随病变程度加重而升高,P＜0.05.在正常病理结果中E6/E7阳性率为61.36％,低于HC2和HPV分型,x2=15.767,P＜0.001;其余病理结果中各组间HPV阳性率差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05.结论 hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA较之HC2和HPV分型能在不降低宫颈病变检出率的前提下减少一过性HPV感染的检出率,提示其在宫颈筛查中具有潜在应用价值.     

人乳头状瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变的相关性分析？

目的：分析宫颈上皮内瘤变（ CIN）及宫颈癌（ CC）中人乳头状瘤病毒（ HPV）亚型,探讨HPV感染与宫颈病变的相关性。方法：慢性宫颈炎或液基细胞学异常的妇女检测21种HPV基因亚型和阴道镜下宫颈定位活检,分析2481例CC和CIN患者的HPV感染情况。结果：在2481例CIN和CC患者中,HPV感染率85．0%,HPV感染与宫颈组织学结果有较强的相关性（P〈0．001,Pearson列联系数=0．648）。 CC及CINⅢ、CINⅡ患者以HPV16、18感染最多见,其次见HPV58、33、31、52、45、59、68等亚型。304例患者宫颈感染HPV16、18、58、52、33等亚型后,发生高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）、不明意义的非典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）及低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）的频率增加,TCT分型与HPV分型有较弱的相关关系（P=0．002,Pearson列联系数=0．322）。细胞学结果提示HSIL、AS-CUS,宫颈组织学诊断以CC、CINIII和CINII为多,TCT分型与组织学分型也有较弱的相关性（ P=0．026,Pearson列联系数=0．172）。结论：HPV16、18、58、33、52、31、45等高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌（ CC）及癌前病变（ CIN）最常见的风险因素。高危型HPV单独或混合感染宫颈后,细胞学检测HSIL、ASCUS及LSIL的发生率增加,细胞学结果与组织学分型的相关性促进了CC和CIN的及时诊治。     

Reflex Human Papillomavirus Test Results as an Option for the Management of Korean Women With Atypical Squamous Cells Cannot Exclude High‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

Background.

Current guidelines recommend initial colposcopy with biopsy regardless of human papillomavirus (HPV) test results in women with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of HPV testing in women with ASC-H based on colposcopic pathology results.

Materials and Methods.

A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out at three academic hospitals and involved 40,847 Korean women who underwent cervical cancer screening with cytology and HPV tests with or without subsequent colposcopic biopsies between January 2007 and December 2013.

Results.

ASC-H was diagnosed in 276 women (0.7%). Only 6 of 68 (8.8%) women with ASC-H who were HPV negative had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≥2 (CIN ≥2) lesions, whereas 47.4% of the women with ASC-H who were HPV positive had CIN ≥2 lesions. No cases of invasive cervical cancer were diagnosed among women with ASC-H who were HPV negative. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the group with normal Papanicolaou test results and HPV-negative status as the reference group. Women with ASC-H who were HPV positive had a significantly increased risk of CIN ≥2 lesions, whereas no significant increase was observed in patients with ASC-H and HPV-negative status.

Conclusion.

If the result of the HPV test was negative, the risk of CIN ≥2 lesions in Korean women with ASC-H cytology was low. Reflex HPV testing should be an option for the management of women with cytology showing ASC-H to decrease unnecessary colposcopic biopsies, which are expensive and invasive.

Implications for Practice:

Current American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines recommend universal colposcopy for the management of women with atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) on cytology, regardless of human papillomavirus (HPV) test results. The present study suggested that HPV cotesting in patients with ASC-H cytology can provide more detailed and useful information regarding the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and the need for further treatment. When the result of the HPV test was negative, the risk of CIN lesions of grade ≥2 in women with ASC-H cytology was low. Consequently, reflex HPV testing, rather than immediately performance of invasive and expensive colposcopy with biopsy, should be an option for the management of women with ASC-H.     

宫颈病变液基细胞学筛查与组织病理学对照观察

目的　探讨液基薄层细胞学(ThinPrepCytologyTest, TCT)技术在妇科门诊人群宫颈病变筛查的准确性。方法　回顾性分析10 980例TCT,与组织学对比观察。结果　　TCTLSIL以上阳性率45. 7% ( 373 /817),组织学检查阳性率50. 1% ( 409 /817 ),两者统计学比较无显著性差异(P>0. 05 )。TCT诊断符合率LSIL75. 8% (191 /252),HSIL98. 1% (101 /103),SCC90. 9% (10 /11),AC85. 7% (6 /7)。鳞状上皮内病变诊断符合率HSIL与LSIL统计学比较有显著性差异(P<0. 01)。结论　液基细胞学检查是宫颈癌早期筛查的有效手段,加强制片技术及诊断质量控制对提高诊断的准确性有重要意义。     

The accuracy of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis with loop electrosurgical excisional procedure under colposcopic vision

Objective

The colposcopic vision guided loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP) was studied for the effective diagnosis of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Methods

A total of 199 patients participated in this study. Individual cases were from gynecologic outpatients at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. These had diagnoses for CIN and were selected for treatment with colposcopic guided LEEP. The average age of patients in this study was 45. Menopausal women represented 31%, (61/199) of the patients. The most frequently found Pap smear result among these women (44%, 88/199), was that of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The next most frequent Pap smear result (32%, 64/199) was low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Patients'' medical records and outcomes were evaluated for consistency of pathological examination between colposcopic directed biopsy and LEEP. Discrepancies between initial diagnosis and the final diagnosis were also analyzed.

Results

The colposcopic guided LEEP accurately determined 100% of the cervical cancer cases and 84.8 % of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cases. Involvement of the ectocervical or endocervical margin regions was found to be 5% and 10% respectively, in this study. Excessive bleeding complication, either during the excision and/or postoperative recovery was found in 3% and 6% of cases, respectively.

Conclusion

LEEP under colposcopic vision is a recommended technique for ambulatory management of precancerous lesion and early diagnosis of cervical cancer. This technique significantly reduces rate of positive ectocervical cone margin involvement.